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477. Fringed Long-footed Myotis Myotis fimbriatus French: Murin de Swinhoe / German: Haarige Wasserfledermaus / Spanish: Ratonero de Swinhoe Other common names: Hairy-legged Myotis Taxonomy. Vespertilio fimbriatus Peters in Swinhoe, 1871, “Amoy,” Fujian, China. Subgenus Myotis; macrodactylus species group. See M. petax. Specimens from Yunnan did not cluster with the rest of M. fimbriatus (being sister to M. pilosus and true M. fimbriatus) but are similar in general morphology, except for their larger size. These specimens likely represent an undescribed species (M. cf. fimbriatus), although further studies are needed, and these populations are tentatively included here. Myotis taiwanensis was recently recognized as a distinct species, but later studies found it to be a subspecies of M. fimbriatus. ‘Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.f.fimbriatusPeters,1871—E&SEChina(Shandong,Jiangsu,Anhui,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Fujian,andGuangdong). M. f. taiwanensis Arnback-Christie-Linde, 1908 — Taiwan. Specimens from Yunnan, SC China and possibly specimens from Sichuan and Guizhou represent an undescribed species. Descriptive notes. Head-body 35- 7-52 mm,tail 33- 2-48 mm, hindfoot 8-12- 4 mm, ear 10:6-17- 2 mm, forearm 37-42- 7 mm. Dorsal pelage of the Fringed Long-footed Myotis is grayish brown; venteris taupe or off-white, becoming almost pure white toward anal region; hairs have dark slate-gray bases and much lighter tips. Ears are relatively long; tragus is nearly parallel, long, and pointed, reaching one-half the ear length. Wings attach to ankle or base of metatarsus; calcar is very long and unkeeled, extending four-fifths the rear margin of uropatagium. Feet are large, and uropatagium has fringe of comb-shaped hairs along its rear border. Skull has inflated, globose braincase (especially subspecies taiwanensis); C' is robust and taller than P* P? is small and in tooth row orslightly leaning inward; C, is weaker but still taller than P; and lower molars are strong, with high cusps, and are all myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 (Guizhou, Henan, and Taiwan). Habitat. Lowland and montane forest habitats, generally near water. Food and Feeding. The Fringed Long-footed Myotis forages by catching insects above the water surface and in open grasslands and farmlands. It flies slowly and is maneuverable. It feeds mostly on Diptera by aerial hawking but also occasionally gleans prey off surfaces. Breeding. Newborn Fringed Long-footed Myotis have been reported in November— June in Taiwan, suggesting a very long breeding season. Activity patterns. Fringed Long-footed Myotis primarily roost in caves. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with frequencies of 29-93 kHz on first harmonic and 70-122 kHz on second harmonic and mean duration of 10-6 milliseconds recorded in China. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fringed Long-footed Myotis roost in large colonies; maternity colonies can be up to 1000 individuals in Taiwan. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust. Bibliography. Findley (1972), Han Naijian et al. (2010), Lin Liangkong, Motokawa & Harada (2002a), Liu Ying et al. (2003), Niu Hongxing, Yu Yan & Wang Yanmei (2007), Ruedi, Csorba et al. (2015), Ruedi, Stadelmann et al. (2013), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Smith, Johnston, Jones & Rossiter (2008g), Wang Hui et al. (2009), Zhang Zhenzhen et al. (2009)., Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Vespertilionidae, pp. 716-981 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 974, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6397752

Niche expansion and shifts are involved in the response and adaptation to environmental changes. However, it is unclear how niche breadth evolves and changes toward higher-quality resources. Myotis pilosus is both an insectivore and a piscivore. We examined the dietary composition and seasonality in M. pilosus and the closely related Myotis fimbriatus using next-generation DNA sequencing. We tested whether resource variation or resource partitioning help explain the dietary expansion from insects to fish in M. pilosus. While diet composition and diversity varied significantly between summer and autumn, the proportion of fish-eating individuals did not significantly change between seasons in M. pilosus. Dietary overlap between M. pilosus and M. fimbriatus during the same seasons was much higher than within individual species across seasons. We recorded a larger body size, hind foot length, and body mass in M. pilosus than in M. fimbriatus and other insectivorous trawling bats from China. Similar morphological differences were found between worldwide fishing bats and nonfishing trawling bats. Our results suggest that variation in insect availability or interspecific competition may not play important roles in the dietary expansion from insects to fish in M. pilosus. Myotis pilosus has morphological advantages that may help it use fish as a diet component. The morphological advantage promoting dietary niche evolution toward higher quality resources may be more important than variation in the original resource and the effects of interspecific competition.

Bartonella species are emerging human pathogens. Bats are known to carry diverse Bartonella species, some of which are capable of infecting humans. However, as the second largest mammalian group by a number of species, the role of bats as the reservoirs of Bartonella species is not fully explored, in term of their species diversity and worldwide distribution. China, especially Northern China, harbors a number of endemic insectivorous bat species; however, to our knowledge, there are not yet studies about Bartonella in bats in China. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella species in bats in Northern China. Bartonella species were detected by PCR amplification of gltA gene in 25.2% (27/107) bats in Mengyin County, Shandong Province of China, including 1/3 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, 2/10 Rhinolophus pusillus, 9/16 Myotis fimbriatus, 1/5 Myotis ricketti, 14/58 Myotis pequinius. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bartonella species detected in bats in this study clustered into ten groups, and some might be novel Bartonella species. An association between Bartonella species and bat species was demonstrated and co-infection with different Bartonella species in a single bat was also observed. Our findings expanded our knowledge on the genetic diversity of Bartonella in bats, and shed light on the ecology of bat-borne Bartonella species.

The morphology and diet characteristics of three Myotis species roosting in the same cave were studied in Anlong County, Guizhou from September to November 2005. The three mouse-eared bats were the Chinese water myotis (Myotis laniger) "body mass: (4.46±0.53) g, forearm: (34.63±1.45 mm)", fringed long-footed myotis (Myotis fimbriatus) "body mass: (5.15±1.76) g, forearm: (35.20±1.07) mm" and szechwan myotis (Myotis altarium) "body mass: (10.94±0.87) g, forearm: (45.21±1.15) mm". There were significant differences in the body masses of the three species. The forearm length of M. altarium was significantly longer than the other two species. M. laniger preyed mostly on dipsters and their larvae (79.7% in volume and 100% in frequency, Diptera). M. fimbriatus preyed mostly on dipsters and small beetles (59.6% and 91.3%, Diptera; 28.8% and 80.1%, Coleoptera). The prey of M. altarium was mostly ground-dwelling beetles (80.8% and 100%, Carabidae and Silphidae, Coleoptera). These dietary examinations indicate that the three species are highly adapted to different foraging habitats. Our work suggests that the spatial differences in foraging niches and trophic resource partitioning represent the major mechanism behind the levels of co-existence seen in this particular bat community.

Myotis fimbriatus (Peters, 1870) Synonymy. Vespertilio fimbriatus Peters, 1870. Type locality Amoy, Fujian, China. Myotis taiwanensis ��rnb��ck-Christie-Linde, 1908. Type locality Takao, Anping, Tainan, Taiwan. Myotis hirsutus Howell, 1926. Type locality Yenpingfu, Fujian, China. Myotis fimbriatus: Tate 1941. First use of current name combination. Myotis taiwanensis: Lin et al. 2004. Name combination. Myotis adversus taiwanensis: Simmons 2005. Name combination. Myotis taiwanensis: Cheng et al. 2010. Name combination. Myotis taiwanensis: Han et al. 2010. Name combination. Myotis taiwanensis: Ruedi et al. 2013. Name combination. Taxonomic remarks. Peters (1870) described two new Chinese species of Vespertilio (now Myotis) living in sympatry in Amoy (now Xiamen, Fujian Province). He named the smaller, rarer species with woolly pelage V. laniger (see below for its description), whereas the larger, more common species was named V. fimbriatus, and was characterized by the ���margins of interfemoral and lumbar membranes ciliated���; he also mentioned that the wing membrane extended to the middle of the metatarsus, but closer examination of the type specimen (and all recent material) suggest that it rather connects to the ankle, close to the proximal end of the metatarsus. In addition, Peters (1870) also mentioned that the second upper premolar was situated at the inner side of the third, suggesting that it might be displaced inwards from the toothrow, which is not the case on the type and all other referred material. Based on a new series of specimens collected in the same area in Fujian, Howell (1926) described another two species, a smaller form with wing membranes attaching to the base of toes (= M. sowerbyi), and a larger one, named M. hirsutus. The latter species is characterized by very hairy feet and membranes, and resembles the European M. capaccinii, as Howell suggested. However, he overlooked Peters��� (1870) description of M. fimbriatus, which was based on bats likely caught in the same cave (Allen 1938). Direct comparisons of the type material indicate that fimbriatus and hirsutus indeed represent the same species, as suggested by Allen (1938) and both are very similar to the type of taiwanensis (��rnb��ck-Christie-Linde 1908). External dimensions of these three taxa are also very similar, but the latter taxon has a slightly larger skull and a more globose braincase than the type of fimbriatus or hirsutus, and thus should be retained as a valid subspecies (i.e., M. fimbriatus taiwanensis) endemic to Taiwan. Specimens referred to M. fimbriatus s.l. from Taiwan and mainland China are genetically very similar or identical (Fig. 3), and confirm that they belong to the same species. Contrary to previous suggestions based on phenetic comparisons (Findley 1972; Corbet & Hill 1992), molecular reconstructions (Han et al. 2010; Ruedi et al. 2013) indicate that M. fimbriatus is not particularly related to M. capaccinii, nor to M. adversus, but is comprised in Clade X (Fig. 3). This East Asian clade includes other large-footed, trawling bats such as M. pilosus (a senior synonym of M. ricketti), M. cf. fimbriatus, M. petax and M. macrodactylus (Fig. 3). Records of M. fimbriatus from Yunnan (Zhang et al. 2009; Ruedi et al. 2013) refer to specimens that also fit the general morphological characteristics of fimbriatus, but they are larger (FA 42.9 mm; GLS 16.1 mm; CM 3 5.9 mm) and are genetically divergent (Ruedi et al. 2013). They might represent a distinct species in this group and should best be referred as M. cf. fimbriatus (as in Clade X of figure 3) until more detailed taxonomic comparisons are made. Distribution. Initially, the distribution of this species was limited to Fujian (type locality of both fimbriatus and hirsutus), SE China (Corbet & Hill 1992) and Taiwan (type locality of taiwanensis), where it is widespread and common (Allen 1938; Lin et al. 2004; Han et al. 2010). Recent morphological and molecular surveys (under the name taiwanensis), suggest that it is much more widespread along the eastern coast of China, occurring up to Anhui and central Shandong provinces (Han et al. 2010). As indicated previously, Yunnan specimens referred to this species (Zhang et al. 2009 and Ruedi et al. 2013) probably represent a distinct taxon (M. cf. fimbriatus). Measurements. See Table 4. External morphology. This medium-sized Myotis (FA about 40 mm) is characterized by relatively large, hairy feet reaching more than half tibia length (Table 4). It has relatively long ears, reaching the nose tip when laid forwards. The tragus is nearly parallel, long and pointed, reaching half conch height. Although its dorsal fur is relatively short, it extends well along the tibia, which is typical for this species. The underside fur is also particularly long, including on the patagium along the humerus, and extends considerably on the uropatagium as well, especially along the tibia. These sparse hairs are long, cottony and reach beyond the margin of the uropatagium near the calcar (���lumbar membranes ciliated��� as mentioned by Peters in the original description). The general color is greyish brown above. The ventral hairs have darker, slate-grey base but are much lighter near the tip, forming an almost pure white area near the anal region (Howell 1926). This gives an overall characteristic bicolored aspect to the pelage of M. fimbriatus, with a relatively sharp demarcation line along the sides of the body (see pictures in Lin et al. 2004; Cheng et al. 2010). Wing membranes are attached to the ankle or the proximal base of the metatarsus. The long calcar is unkeeled and extends to four-fifth of the rear edge of uropatagium. This bat bears external similarities with M. horsfieldii (large feet, long calcar and long ears; similar to other water-loving bats), but the latter is not hairy below the patagium, its pelage is not bicolored and the wing membranes attach to the metatarsus near the outer toe, not close to the ankle as in fimbriatus. Skull morphology. The skull has an inflated braincase, especially in the taiwanensis subspecies, giving a globose appearance when viewed from above or laterally (Fig. 4 b). Upper canines are strong and higher than premolars. The latter are aligned in the toothrow and not particularly crowded, while all are visible in the lateral view (Fig. 4 b). The lower canines are weaker, but still higher than the larger premolars. Lower molars are strong, with high cusps and all are myotodont. Natural history in Taiwan. A colonial species found in underground structures, like caves (Allen 1938) or tunnels (Han et al. 2010), where it can form quite numerous breeding colonies (up to 1000 individuals in central Taiwan, Lin et al. 2004). It is apparently linked to bodies of water, where it hunts insects above the water surface, like other trawling bats. It is found in both lowland and mountain habitats. In Taiwan, newborns were recorded from November to June, suggesting an extensive breeding season. Such unusual winter reproduction was observed in artificial tunnels containing pipes transporting hot spring water, which certainly enhanced local ambient temperature to provide suitable conditions for the bats to extend their normal breeding time., Published as part of Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, G��bor, Lin, Liang- Kong & Chou, Cheng-Han, 2015, Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China, pp. 301-342 in Zootaxa 3920 (1) on pages 321-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/287922, {"references":["Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653.","Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1908) A collection of bats from Formosa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 235 - 238. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692477","Howell, A. B. (1926) Three new mammals from China. 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