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11 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2023.105755, This paper aims to assess changes in the patterns of marine fish consumption by hunter-fisher-gatherer populations in the context of environmental change. To accomplish this objective, we used two methodological approaches: first, stable isotope analysis in ancient and modern shells of limpets and mussels to explore changes in the isotopic baseline and also in fish skeletal remains recovered from different archaeological sites dated to the Middle and Late Holocene of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina); second, a zooarchaeological quantitative analysis of the fish remains from different archaeological sites in the same area and period. Results confirmed that marine primary productivity in the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego decreased throughout the second half of the Holocene, while the contribution of phytoplankton to the carbon pool fueling the coastal food web decreased simultaneously. The quantitative zooarchaeological analysis and the stable isotope analyses in fish remains suggest that in the Atlantic coast there was a variation in the consumption of fish species from offshore to near shore fish species throughout time, mostly because of the declining occurrence of Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi). This could result from changes in the distribution of the latter and the probability of mass stranding, This paper was supported by the following projects: CONICET-PIP 0409–13 and ANPCyT-PICT 2012–1944 to MS, and PICT 2012–2148 and CONICET-PIP 2017–0348 to MA. MB participated in this work with the support of a doctoral fellowship funded by CONICET and a postdoctoral fellowship number FJC 2020-043762-I, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. MB is a member of Q-MARE international working group from PAGES and of the “Integrated Marine Ecosystem Assessments (iMARES)", an Excellence Research Team (2021 SGR 00 435) of the Catalan Government (Grup de Recerca de Qualitat-Generalitat de Catalunya). IBG has participated in this work as a “María Zambrano” Researcher at the University of Barcelona. IBG is a member of an Excellence Research Team (2021 SGR 00696) of the Catalan Government (Grup de Recerca de Qualitat-Generalitat de Catalunya), With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

Fish skeletal remains recovered from two archaeological sites dated in the Middle Holocene of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) were analysed to describe habitat use patterns by hake in the past and predict changes in a warmer world. Mitochondrial DNA was successfully extracted and amplified from 42 out of 45 first vertebra from ancient hake and phylogenetic analysis assigned all haplotypes to Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi). According to osteometry, the Argentine hake recovered from the archaeological site were likely adults ranging 37.2?58.1 cm in standard length. C and N stable isotope analysis showed that currently Argentine hake use foraging grounds deeper than those of Patagonian blenny and pink cusk-eel. Argentine hake, however, had a much broader isotopic niche during the Middle Holocene, when a large part of the population foraged much shallower than contemporary pink cusk-eel. The overall evidence suggests the presence of large numbers of Argentine hake onshore Tierra del Fuego during the Middle Holocene, which allowed exploitation by hunter-gatherer-fisher groups devoid of fishing technology. Interestingly, average SST off Tierra del Fuego during the Middle Holocene was higher than currently (11 °C vs 7 °C) and matched SST in the current southernmost onshore spawning aggregations, at latitude 47 °S. This indicates that increasing SST resulting from global warming will likely result into an increased abundance of adult Argentine hake onshore Tierra del Fuego, as during the Middle Holocene. Furthermore, stable isotope ratios from mollusc shells confirmed a much higher marine primary productivity during the Middle Holocene off Tierra del Fuego. Fil: Bas, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Salemme, Monica Cira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina Fil: Green, Eleanor Joan. University of York; Reino Unido Fil: Santiago, Fernando Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Speller, Camilla. University of York; Reino Unido Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Briz Godino, Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. University of York; Reino Unido Fil: Cardona, Luis. Universidad de Barcelona; España

Stable isotope ratios in patelloid limpets of the genus Patella have been established as proxies for coastal environmental change at sub-monthly resolution along the eastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Nacella deaurata (Gmelin, 1791) and N. magellanica (Gmelin, 1791) are common intertidal species of patelloid limpets inhabiting the coast of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile and are commonly found in Holocene archaeological deposits. Here, we examine oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (δ18Oshell and δ13Cshell, respectively) of modern specimens of N. deaurata and N. magellanica to test the hypotheses that: 1) they form their shells in isotopic equilibrium with ambient water; and 2) prominent growth lines form annually. Based on growth margin analysis of δ18Oshell values, we identified a positive offset of 1.3±0.4? (N. deaurata) and 1.3±0.3? (N. magellanica) from expected equilibrium, similar to other patelloid limpets. Because the offset is relatively consistent between observed and expected values, it can be taken into account to reliably reconstruct growth temperature. Seawater temperature estimated from oxygen isotope time series data falls within the observed range. Thus, N. deaurata and N. magellenica shells serve as reliable proxy archives of seasonal variation in coastal seawater temperature. Time series of δ13C shell values do not vary seasonally in all shells; hence, the influence on its variation requires further study. The timing of prominent growth lines contextualized by the δ18Oshell time series form twice a year and therefore cannot be used to estimate lifespan. Future isotopic analysis of archaeological Nacella shells can potentially provide much needed information about Holocene climate change at sub-monthly resolution from high-latitude South American locations, and contribute to our understanding of human behavior and human-climate interactions. Fil: Nicastro, Adam.. University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill; Estados Unidos Fil: Surge, Donna.. University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill; Estados Unidos Fil: Briz Godino, Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Schöne, Bernard ,R.. Universidad Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Bas, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad de Barcelona; España

Archaeological shell and fish middens are rich sources of paleoenvironmental proxy data. Patelloid limpet shells are common constituents in archaeological middens found along European, African, and South American coastlines. Paleotemperature reconstructions using oxygen isotope ratios of limpet shells depend on the ability to constrain the oxygen isotope ratio of seawater; therefore, alternative proxies are necessary for coastal localities where this is not possible. The study evaluates whether Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Li/Ca, Li/Mg, and Sr/Li ratios are reliable proxies of sea surface temperature (SST) in the calcite layer of shells of the patelloid limpets, Patella vulgata and Nacella deaurata. We compare Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Li/Ca, Li/Mg, and Sr/Li ratios to the seasonal variations in contemporaneous δ18Oshell values, which primarily record seasonal changes in SST. Elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Li/Ca, Li/Mg, and Sr/Li) show no significant correlations with reconstructed SST in P. vulgata and N. deaurata shells, nor do they show sinusoidal cycles expected from a SST proxy. In addition, shell δ13C values show no significant ontogenetic trends, suggesting that these limpets exhibit little change in metabolic carbon incorporation into the shell with increasing ontogenetic age. Although shell growth rate exhibits a logarithmic decrease with age based on calculated linear extension rates, growth rate does not correlate with elemental profiles in these limpets. Overall, elemental ratios are not reliable recorders of paleotemperature in patelloid limpets.

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in the skeletal elements of both ancient and modern marine species from the Beagle Channel were used to compare the structure of Late Holocene and modern food webs, and predict potential changes as a result of a Sea Surface Temperature (SST) increase in the region. Complementary, ancient and modern shells of limpets and mussels were isotopically analysed to explore changes in the isotopic baseline and compare marine food webs through time after an appropriate correction for baseline shifts. Results confirmed a declining pattern of marine primary productivity during the Late Holocene in the Beagle Channel. In general, the isotopic niches overlapped largely in the ancient food web in comparison to the current marine one, with the exception of that of cormorants (Phalacrocorax sp.). Our data suggest that all the species that have undergone intense human exploitation (Arctocephalus australis, Otaria flavescens and Merluccius sp.) significantly increased their trophic levels. The most important finding of this work was the very high isotopic overlap between snoek (Thyrsites atun) and hake (Merluccius sp.) during the Late Holocene. Increasing SST as a result of global warming could favour the recolonization of the southern South-Western Atlantic Ocean by snoek from the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean, with a potential impact on the landings of the economically important Argentine and Austral hake. These findings highlight the relevance of using zooarchaeological remains for providing predictions about marine food webs changes in the near future. Fil: Bas López, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Briz Godino, Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. University of York; Reino Unido Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Vales, Damián Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Crespo, Enrique Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Cardona, Luis. Universidad de Barcelona; España

A well-known challenge in archaeological research is the exploration of the social mechanisms that hunter-gatherers may have implemented throughout history to deal with changes in resource availability. The agent-based model (ABM) ‘cooperation under resource pressure’ (CURP) was conceived to explore food stress episodes in societies lacking a food preservation technology. It was particularly aimed at understanding how cooperative behaviours in the form of food sharing practices emerge, increase and may become the prevailing strategy in relation to changes in resource availability and expectancy of reciprocity. CURP’s main outcome is the identification of three regimes of behaviour depending on the stress level. In this work, the model’s robustness to the original selection mechanism (random tournament) is assessed, as different dynamics can lead to different persistent regimes. For that purpose, three other selection mechanisms are implemented and evaluated, to identify the prevailing states of the system. Results show that the three regimes are robust irrespective of the analysed dynamics. We consequently examine in more detail the long-term archaeological implications that these results may have., Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (former Ministry of Science and Innovation): SimulPast Project (CSD2010- 00034 CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010), HAR2009-06996 and CULM Project (HAR2016- 77672-P); from the Argentine National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET): Project PIP-0706; from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research: Project GR7846; from the project H2020 FET OPEN RIA IBSEN/662725 and from the European Social Fund as one of the authors is the recipient of a predoctoral grant from the Department of Education of Junta de Castilla y León (Spain).

Este trabajo explora la variabilidad espacial del registro arqueológico en asentamientos cazadores-recolectores del litoral atlántico de Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), mediante el desarrollo teórico y metodológico de un conjunto de herramientas de carácter cuantitativo. El objetivo es evaluar la intensidad de ocupación a partir de tres casos de estudio, mediante la aplicación de distintos enfoques provenientes de la estadística espacial, el análisis de la diversidad del registro arqueológico y el estudio de rastros de uso en artefactos líticos. Los resultados de esta propuesta han permitido relacionar el grado de complejidad entre la organización social del espacio, la variabilidad del registro material y los niveles de intensidad de ocupación. ENGLISH: This work focuses on the spatial variability of the archaeological record at hunter-gatherer sites on the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. The theoretical and methodological approach was developed using a quantitative toolset. The main goal is to evaluate occupation intensity based on three case studies and using three different approaches: spatial statistics, archaeological record diversity, and use-wear analysis. The results show relationships among the respective levels of complexity seen in the social organization of space, material record variability, and occupation intensity.

Fil: Buscaglia, Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina

Este trabajo toma como eje central el estudio de las estrategias de gestión social del espacio por parte de las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras-pescadoras de la costa atlántica de Tierra del Fuego. Se aborda esta problemática desde una triple óptica: el análisis de las dependencias entre sitios arqueológicos y variables ambientales de su entorno; la cercanía de estos lugares a ciertos recursos necesarios para su supervivencia; y las relaciones de vecindad entre ellos. Las herramientas utilizadas para la implementación de estos análisis se encuentran dentro del dominio de la Arqueología Cuantitativa, destacando diversos métodos de estadística exploratoria y espacial. Gestión de datos, análisis y visualización se interrelación en un Sistema de Información Geográfica a través del cual se interpretan los resultados principales. Con ello se pretende responder a diversas cuestiones, como qué variables ambientales o de cercanía a ciertos recursos pudieron afectar a la elección de los lugares de asentamiento, con qué intensidad lo hicieron o si existen indicios de otros factores más allá de los vinculados al medio físico que hubiesen podido influir en la elección de los lugares de hábitat. This article focuses on the study of the social space management strategies of huntergatherer-fishers within the Fuegian Atlantic coast. This theme has been tackled from three different perspectives: the analysis of the relationship between environmental features and settlement intensity, the proximity of these places to certain necessary resources, and the study of neighbourly relationships between these communities. To study these three aspects, we used analytical tools from the domain of quantitative archaeology, including exploratory and spatial statistical methods. Data-mining, analysis and visualisation were combined within a Geographical Information System from where our results were interpreted. By these means, we addressed several questions, such as which environmental variables and resources affected settlement choices and with which intensity and what was the influence of other non-environmental related factors on habitat patterns. Fil: Negre Pérez, Joan. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Briz Godino, Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Pal, Nélida Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina

Palaeoclimatic records from southern tip of South America during the Last Holocene, indicate important climate intervals, such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, which offered new scenarios to hunter-gatherer groups who inhabited the region. The aim of this paper is to explore the social practices carried out by hunter-fisher-gatherer societies of the southern part of the Atlantic Coast of Tierra del Fuego island (53–55°S, 66–74°W) in order to deal with these environmental changes. From our perspective, foragers have played an active role in designing strategies to cope with environmental fluctuations. Consequently, we argue that in a context of ecological uncertainty, these societies would have developed flexible strategies in terms of subsistence, technology and settlement patterns. In order to test this proposal, zooarchaeological and technological analysis of different archaeological assemblages dated between the 1300 to 220 BP were undertaken. The results show that these hunter-fisher-gatherer societies exploited a broad range of faunal resources using a versatile technology which encompassed tools with low production values and high use values. Likewise, the analysis of landscape organization revealed a settlement strategy centered on the most productive habitats, which were preferentially reoccupied. We suggest that these strategies, supported by cumulative knowledge and material conditions, could have enhanced social resilience and sustainability. Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Briz Godino, Ivan. University of York; Reino Unido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Pal, Nélida Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Bas López, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Lacrouts, Adriana. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

The present work aims to quantitatively explore and understand the relationship between mobility types (nautical versus pedestrian), specific technological traits and shared technological knowledge in pedestrian hunter–gatherer and nautical hunter–fisher–gatherer societies from the southernmost portion of South America. To that end, advanced statistical learning techniques are used: state-of-the-art classification algorithms and variable importance analyses. Results show a strong relationship between technological knowledge, traits and mobility types. Occupations can be accurately classified into nautical and pedestrian due to the existence of a non-trivial pattern between mobility and a relatively small fraction of variables from some specific technological categories. Cases where the best-fitted classification algorithm fails to generalize are found significantly interesting. These instances can unveil lack of information, not enough entries in the training set, singular features or ambiguity, the latter case being a possible indicator of the interaction between nautical and pedestrian societies.

For many years the identification of activity areas has been carried out through the spatial distribution of lithics, zooarchaeological remains and specific features such as fireplaces. However, these data are rarely combined and integrated with results from specific analytical techniques such as phytoliths, organic matter, carbonates and multielemental analysis. This research presents the first results of an intrasite spatial analysis on a layer from the site Lanashuaia II, a shell-midden located on the Beagle Channel coast (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Ethnoarchaeology is used as a methodological tool to give content to the concept of anthropic markers by means of formulating archaeological hypothesis on the basis of ethnological information. This paper presents the application of specific anthropic markers, which have been designed and applied to identify ashy remains and waste areas through different combinations of proxies. The results show how an approach that integrates different techniques enhances data interpretation and allows to give visibility to activities that may not leave visible evidences., The authors acknowledge support from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Programa d’Excavacions a l’Estranger, 2007), the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (project GR7846), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (project HAR2009-06996), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (project SimulPast CONSOLIDER-INGENIO, CSD2010-00034), and the Argentinean Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (project PIP-0706) and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (project PICT2012-2148). The authors especially appreciate the help and cooperation of Dr. Natalie P. Goodall and the Acatushún Museum Staff, as well as the Estancia Harberton owners and all the colleagues who participated in fieldworking. CaSEs Research Group is a Grup de Recerca Emergent (SGR-e 1417) and OCORDE is a Grup de Recerca Consolidat (SGR-1454) of the Generalitat de Catalunya. The authors would like to acknowledge Umberto Lombardo for his assessment with the geochemical data and to Carla Lancelotti for her comments of the manuscript. The comments and suggestions of the anonymous referees significantly improved the quality of the manuscript.

The production-consumption duality is a key element to deal with technological innovations, the organization of human labor, and social change. The analysis of production-consumption dynamic in lithics implies to explore how the artifacts were made and how they were used as a result of a single spatial-temporal praxis. The study of form-function holds the clues to disentangle the complex nature of production-consumption dynamics. Changes in consumption patterns were identified between hunter-gatherer and fishing societies from Tierra del Fuego along the human occupation of the region. High productivity levels were achieved by these societies since they obtained high consumption values with low production values

We study the influence that resource availability has on cooperation in the context of hunter-gatherer societies. This paper proposes a model based on archaeological and ethnographic research on resource stress episodes, which exposes three different cooperative regimes according to the relationship between resource availability in the environment and population size. The most interesting regime represents moderate survival stress in which individuals coordinate in an evolutionary way to increase the probabilities of survival and reduce the risk of failing to meet the minimum needs for survival. Populations self-organise in an indirect reciprocity system in which the norm that emerges is to share the part of the resource that is not strictly necessary for survival, thereby collectively lowering the chances of starving. Our findings shed further light on the emergence and evolution of cooperation in hunter-gatherer societies., The authors acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Project CSD2010-00034 (SimulPast CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010) and HAR2009-06996; from the Argentine National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET): Project PIP-0706; from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research: Project GR7846; and from the project H2020 FET OPEN RIA IBSEN/662725. We also acknowledge assistance from the Santander Supercomputación support group at the University of Cantabria, which provided access to the Altamira Supercomputer at the Institute of Physics of Cantabria (IFCA-CSIC), a member of the Spanish Supercomputing Network, for performing simulations/analyses.

The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained through the application of two imaging methods named rotated image with maximum average power spectrum (RIMAPS) and Variograms to mathematically characterize distinct patterns of worked materials on used edges of lithic artifacts. Both analytical procedures were performed on digitized images taken with an electronic microscope, allowing for the quantitative description of a given surface and revealing its topographic patterns. The preliminary research conducted on a sample of experimental lithic artifacts used to process different materials has shown promising results to the extent that fingerprints of different work processes (hide, bone, and wood-working) can be drawn.

Thanks to their components, formation dynamics and physico-chemical nature, shell middens offer ideal conditions for the preservation of social and environmental proxies. In this sense they can be thought of as field laboratories for the development of interdisciplinary research in the Quaternary and Social Sciences. The progress of such approach depends on a reassessment of regional shell midden studies and on the establishment of common guidelines that allow research focus to shift from regional to continental scales and back. An effective implementation of interdisciplinary Quaternary and Social (archaeological and anthropological) research on shell middens would potentially allow redefining key aspects in human history, from the origins of our species to its spreading to the most remote areas of the world.

From Worsaae’s pioneering research onwards, shell middens have been a focus of interest in archaeological enquiry, and a great deal of innovative research has been carried out. The aim of this paper is to make a general review of the state of art in shell midden research, taking into account three main areas: a) the study of aquatic resource exploitation; b) the antiquity of shell middens in relation to human dispersal and group diversification; and c) the methodological improvement enhanced by shell midden enquiry. The record preserved in shell middens is particularly valuable for the development of interdisciplinary approaches in investigating human–environment interaction, social relations and the role of aquatic resource exploitation in the evolutive trajectory of human groups.

This paper presents the results of the analysis of lipid residues extracted from two Aulacomya atra shells and a single Mytilus edulis shell found in the hunter-fisher-gatherer site of Lanashuaia II, a shell midden located on the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). According to existing ethnographic information, the shells could have been used as receptacles (like spoons) or knives by the Yamana people that inhabited the region in the historical period (nineteenth and twentieth centuries). Yamana society is the final moment of a long history of hunter-fisher-gatherer societies present in the Beagle Channel and the rest of Fuegian Channels and islands. Higher concentrations of lipid residues were recovered from both A. atra shells than from the sedimentary control sample analyzed. This is consistent with existing accounts that these types of shells were used as containers to cook or melt fat-rich foods. The composition of lipids extracted from archaeological shell was significantly different from the degraded reference cooking residues prepared from modern A. atra shells., This research was supported by TheWenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (Project: “Social aggregation: a Yámana Society’s short term episode to Analyse Social Interaction”), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain (Project: “Marcadores Arqueológicos de Relaciones Sociales: etnoarqueología de cazadores-recolectores en el Canal Beagle”-HAR2009-06996), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina (Project: “Procesos de agregación social entre las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras del canal Beagle: nuevas metodologías de análisis”-PIP 0706).

This article presents an agent-based model designed to explore the development of cooperation in hunter-fisher-gatherer societies that face a dilemma of sharing an unpredictable resource that is randomly distributed in space. The model is a stylised abstraction of the Yamana society, which inhabited the channels and islands of the southernmost part of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina-Chile). According to ethnographic sources, the Yamana developed cooperative behaviour supported by an indirect reciprocity mechanism: whenever someone found an extraordinary confluence of resources, such as a beached whale, they would use smoke signals to announce their find, bringing people together to share food and exchange different types of social capital. The model provides insight on how the spatial concentration of beachings and agents’ movements in the space can influence cooperation. We conclude that the emergence of informal and dynamic communities that operate as a vigilance network preserves cooperation and makes defection very costly.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a clinic protocol used in the Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI) for obese outpatients.The study included 47 obese outpatients. All of them were evaluated in clinical department and applied the obesity protocol for a period of 2 years. Variables as weight, BMI and levels of obesity in the initial and final time were evaluated.In obese patients between 26 and 65 years was observed a tendency to reduce their degree of obesity, with significant differences in 2012 compared to 2010. There are differences in behavior between men and women in terms of change in obesity graduation.In our study we found differences in behavior between men and women in terms of grade change in obesity, in women there is a greater tendency to reduce.Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de un protocolo clínico para pacientes obesos utilizado en la consulta de obesidad del Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI). Pacientes y métodos: En el estudio participaron 47 pacientes procedentes de la consulta de obesidad del CHUVI. Todos ellos fueron evaluados en consulta y siguieron el protocolo de obesidad durante un periodo de 2 años. Se evaluaron variables como el peso, el IMC y los grados de obesidad en el momento inicial y final. Resultados y discusión: En pacientes obesos entre 26 y 65 años se observa una tendencia a disminuir su grado de obesidad, con diferencias significativas en el 2012 respecto al 2010. Hay diferencias de comportamiento entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto al cambio de graduación en la obesidad. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio hemos comprobado diferencias de comportamiento entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto al cambio de graduación en la obesidad; en las mujeres hay una mayor tendencia a reducirlo.

This paper presents the theoretical basis and first results of an agent-based model (ABM) computer simulation that is being developed to explore cooperation in hunter–gatherer societies. Specifically, we focus here on Yamana, a hunter-fisher-gatherer society that inhabited the islands of the southernmost part of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina–Chile). Ethnographical and archaeological evidence suggests the existence of sporadic aggregation events, triggered by a public call through smoke signals of an extraordinary confluence of resources under unforeseeable circumstances in time and space (a beached whale or an exceptional accumulation of fish after a low tide, for example). During these aggregation events, the different social units involved used to develop and improve production, distribution and consumption processes in a collective way. This paper attempts to analyse the social dynamics that explain cooperative behaviour and resource-sharing during aggregation events using an agent-based model of indirect reciprocity. In brief, agents make their decisions based on the success of the public strategies of other agents. Fitness depends on the resource captured and the social capital exchanged in aggregation events, modified by the agent’s reputation. Our computational results identify the relative importance of resources with respect to social benefits and the ease in detecting—and hence punishing—a defector as key factors to promote and sustain cooperative behaviour among population.

In this paper we present the results of observations made via optical microscopy and SEM of microwear traces on experimental lithic tools used in the replication of rock art engravings. The overall aim of this experimental programme is to generate diagnostic microscopic criteria that could subsequently be used (a) in the identification of archaeological artefacts that have been involved in the production of rock art engravings, and (b) in the inference of the engraving techniques in which they have been used. The methods of replication of engraved figures and lines, and the observation of the microwear traces on the experimental artefacts used are presented. The complementary use of stereomicroscope, metallographic microscope with bright field, dark field and laser illumination, and SEM is also discussed. The resulting microwear traces observed on the tools used in the experiment are characterized, and are linked to the two different engraving techniques with which the rock art replication has been carried out.

Shell middens distributed along the coastal areas of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego) testify the primary role of marine resources in the successful social dynamic of hunter-gatherer-fisher societies (HGF) in extreme high latitude environmental conditions. Intertidal and subtidal limpet species are frequently identified taxa of these archaeological deposits. We investigated whether shell δ 18O of the limpet species Nacella deaurata is a valuable record of local sea surface temperature (SST) and ambient water δ 18O (δ 18Ow) fluctuations, and in turn can be used to estimate the season of its exploitation by Holocene HGF. Sequential shell δ 18O of modern species track seasonal changes of SST and δ 18Ow. The comparison of shell δ 18O profiles of N. deaurata and Nacella magellanica (a coexisting species) suggests the occurrence of distinct growth rate and physiological adaptations between species. Shell δ 18O of zooarchaeological specimens of N. deaurata from Lanashuaia II suggests that animals were exploited predominantly in winter and that experienced similar environmental conditions of present day at ∼1320 years BP. Results also indicate that N. deaurata is a valuable candidate for studying past seasonal changes in SST and δ 18Ow in this southernmost part of South America.

This paper discusses the ongoing ethnoarchaeological research carried out in Yamana shell middens of Tierra del Fuego. Ethnoarchaeology is used in this research as a tool to improve the archaeological methodology by testing it against anthropological, ethnographical and ethnological sources for achieving more accurate reconstructions of past societies. The ethnographical/ethnological information also is coupled with an experimental approach devised to understand physical and social processes, such as site formation processes and resource use and management. Specifically, this experimental approach was applied to the archaeological sites Túnel VII and Lanashuaia I (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Fil: Briz Godino, Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avancats. Institucio Mila I Fontanals - Csic; España Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Balbo, Andrea. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; España. Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avancats. Institucio Mila I Fontanals - Csic; España Fil: Zurro, Débora. Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avancats. Institucio Mila I Fontanals - Csic; España Fil: Madella, Marco. Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avancats. Institucio Mila I Fontanals - Csic; España Fil: Villagrán, Ximena. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: French, Charles. University Of Cambridge; Reino Unido

La preservación de arcos y astiles en el registro arqueológico patagónico es sumamente escasa. No obstante, para el caso concreto de Tierra del Fuego la información etnográfica muestra un amplio uso de vegetales para la manufactura de este tipo de armas. A fin de superar el sesgo entre ambos registros, hemos llevado a cabo el análisis arqueobotánico y morfo–métricos de una colección de arcos y fechas del Museo del Fin del Mundo (Ushuaia, Argentina). El objetivo principal es generar información sobre las características del sistema de arco y fecha utilizados por los las sociedades cazadoras–recolectoras que habitaron la isla y determinar las etapas necesarias para la obtención y procesado del material leñoso. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron la explotación de materias primas hasta ahora desconocidas en la región. The preservation of bows and arrows in the archaeological record of Patagonia is rather scarce. however, in the specific case of Tierra del Fuego, the ethnographic information portrays a wide use of plants to manufacture these kinds of weapons. In order to overcome the biases between both records an archaeobotanical and morphometric study of a collection of bows and arrows from the Museo del Fin del Mundo (Ushuaia, Argentina) has been undertaken. The main objective is to obtain information about the performance characteristics of bows and arrows used by hunter–gatherer societies who inhabited this island and to determine the necessary stages of procurement and transformation of wood materials. The results have revealed the exploitation of raw materials which have not been acknowledged up to the present. Fil: Caruso Fermé, Laura . Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; España Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Vazquez, Martin Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina

6 páginas, 3 figuras.-- et al., [EN]: This paper provides the initial results obtained from the analysis of a lithic workshop, named Altos del Varela I, located on the top of Petersen hill in Tierra del Fuego Island (Argentina). The site contains distinctive areas entirely composed of a high frequency of flakes made from local metamorphic rhyolite. These results open the debate about the use of mountain landscape between the fuegian hunter-gatherers as well as the interaction between coastal and inland groups., [ES]: En este trabajo se presentan los resultados iniciales obtenidos del análisis de un taller lítico, denominado Altos del Varela I, ubicado en la cima del cerro Petersen en la isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). El sitio presenta diferentes áreas que incluyen, de manera exclusiva, una alta frecuencia de lascas de riolitas metamorfizadas de origen local. Los resultados permiten abrir el debate sobre el uso de los paisajes montañosos por parte de las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras fueguinas así como sobre la interacción costa-interior., Este proyecto fue financiado por un subsidio de la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2071).

Different cultural and research traditions have led to distinctively different approaches tolithics analysis. An integration of different approaches can often give new ´ways ofseeing´ artefact assemblages and distribution patterns and provide valuable insights intopast activities. Here we present the preliminary results of a project integrating detailedanalytical techniques, focused on processes of production and consumption and socialdynamics in ethnarchaeological contexts in Tierra del Fuego with existing detailed lithicanalysis at Mesolithic sites in the Central Pennines. Such methods, taken fromArgentina (Álvarez) and Spain (Briz), that were developed in ethnoarchaeologicalcontexts employed detailed edge morphological analysis and use wear. When appliedto site A at March Hill, these techniques yielded interesting new insights about activitiesat the site, and provided a test case for such techniques. Fil: Briz Godino, Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats. Institució Milà i Fontanals - CSIC; España Fil: Alvarez, Myrian Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Spikins, Penny. University of York; Reino Unido Fil: Needham. Andrew. University of York; Reino Unido

A extremidade da região sul-americana foi povoada há 7.000 anos por sociedades concentradas na gestão do litoral marítimo. Com este trabalho, tentamos comprovar que é possível aportar a análise das estratégias de produção e consumo de materiais líticos à análise da povoação da área, avaliando a existência de redes de circulação de conhecimento e de materiais entre os grupos da região.

Durante los últimos años, las investigaciones arqueológicas sobre el registro mortuorio del área del archipiélago Magallánico-Fueguino se han incrementado considerablemente. Estos estudios pusieron de manifiesto que las prácticas mortuorias implicaron una gran diversidad de comportamientos relacionados con el tratamiento del cuerpo, el emplazamiento del entierro, el número de individuos incluidos o los artefactos dejados junto al difunto. En este trabajo, nos focalizamos en el análisis de un contexto específico, Shamakush Entierro, localizado en la costa norte del canal Beagle. Este sitio, datado en el 620 ± 60 AP, exhibe el contexto mortuorio más complejo y elaborado debido al trabajo invertido en la preparación del entierro y en el ajuar que acompaña al difunto tales como: puntas de arma lítica, artefactos bifaciales, filos largo retocados y artefactos óseos. Se presentan los procedimientos metodológicos para su abordaje y se discute la importancia de este contexto en el análisis de las sociedades litorales fueguinas.

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.