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A taxonomic revision and the first phylogenetic hypothesis of the Neotropical genus Ameromyia Banks (Myrmeleontidae: Brachynemurini) is herein presented. The phylogeny is based on 45 morphological characters and recovered the traditional Ameromyia as paraphyletic in respect to the monotypic genus Venezueleon Stange, which is here synonymized under Ameromyia. Three species are synonymized (A. hirsuta Navás and A. stevensi Navás under A. nigriventris (Walker), and A. pentheri Navás under A. strigosa (Banks)) and two new species are described (A. clepsydra sp. nov. and A. explicata sp. nov.). Ameromyia sensu novo is a valid genus with 12 species restricted to South America, and divided into two species groups. Taxonomic keys are also presented to adults and larvae, as well as a discussion on the genus biology.

A new species of the myrmeleontine antlion genus Baliga Navás, 1912 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), Baliga kashmirensis sp. nov., from Azad Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan is described and illustrated, representing the first record of Baliga from Pakistan. Three species of Myrmeleon Linnaeus, 1767 are re-described: M. hyalinus hyalinus Olivier, 1811, M. tenuipennis Rambur, 1842, and M. trivialis Gerstaecker, 1885. Myrmeleon bimaculatus Yang, 1999 syn. nov. originally described from China is considered to be a junior synonym of Myrmeleon tenuipennis Rambur, 1842. In addition, an annotated catalogue of all species of Myrmeleon known from Pakistan along with their distribution map, taxonomical notes and updated identification key to known genera and species are provided.

Genus Sukatshevabaga nom. nov. Baga Sukatsheva 1992: 112 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Preoccupied by Baga Navás 1930: 37 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Type species: Baga bakharica Sukatsheva 1992 Etymology. The replacement name for the genus is derived from the name Sukatsheva, the author of the genus Baga. Gender: feminine. Distribution. Mongolia., Published as part of Tian, Yu & Zhang, Yi, 2023, New replacement name for the genus Baga Sukatsheva 1992 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae), pp. 199-200 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/7918888, {"references":["Sukatsheva, I. D. (1992) Novye iskopaemye predstaviteli otryada rucheynikov (Phryganeida) iz Mongolii. Novye Taksony Iskopaemykh Bespozvonochnykh Mongolii. Sovmestnaya Rossiisko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya, 4, 111 - 117.","Navas, L. (1930) Insectos de la India. Revista de la Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza, 13, 12 - 41."]}

Tian, Yu, Zhang, Yi (2023): New replacement name for the genus Baga Sukatsheva 1992 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Zootaxa 5284 (1): 199-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.11

Parapalpares solidus (Gerstaecker, 1894) (Figs 12–16) Palpares solidus Gerstaecker, [1894] 1893: 113. Type locality: Mesopotamia (Mardin). Holotype female. Palpares klapaleki Navás, 1912a: 53. Type locality: Iran. Holotype male. After Hölzel, 1972: 7. Palpares zugmayeri Navás, 1912c: 55. Type locality: Pakistan (Baluchistan). Holotype female. After Hölzel, 1972: 7. Palpares validus Navás, 1927: 12. Type locality: Afghanistan (Kabul). No type designation (female). After Hölzel, 1972: 7. Palpares solidus validus Navás, 1928: 28. Type locality: Afghanistan (Kabul). No type designation (male and female). After Hölzel, 1972: 7. Diagnosis. Large species (forewing length 56.0– 56.5 mm) with distinctive wing markings (Fig. 13A–B). Hindwing with two subapical markings, connected at middle, reaching at hind margin. Labial palp large, palpimacula clavate, sensory slit 1/3 of terminal labial palpomere, reaching apex (Fig. 14D–F). Antenna brownish yellow, scape with short black setae (Fig. 14G). Thorax brownish, without distinct marking, covered with long white setae (Fig. 14A); pronotum covered with long brownish setae (Fig. 14C). Legs brownish, covered with black setae; tibial spurs brownish, nearly equal to Ta3 (Fig. 14H). Ectoprocts cylindrical, moderately curved at base, as long as tergite 8 (Fig. 15C), with two stout black spines at base of ectoprocts (Fig. 15D); gonocoxites 9, paired but widely separated with each other, with acute apex and acutely tapering basal projection (Fig. 15E–G). Measurement (♁n=1, ♀ n=1). Forewing length ♁ 56.0 mm, ♀ 56.5 mm, width ♁ 16.3 mm, ♀ 15.7 mm; hindwing length ♁ 52.5 mm, ♀ 53.0 mm, width ♁ 15.4 mm, ♀ 15.0 mm; body length ♁ 65.0 mm, ♀ 44.0 mm. Redescription. Head wider than prothorax (Fig. 14B–C). Face yellow covered with short white setae. Frons brownish yellow.Vertex brownish, dome-shaped, with distinct median longitudinal suture, median brownish marking present, anterolateral margins covered with short white setae. Eyes large, greater than hemispherical.Antenna longer than head width, brownish yellow, scape with short black setae (Fig. 14G). Clypeus and labrum yellow. Maxillary and labial palps brownish. Labial palp large, palpimacula clavate, covered with short brownish setae, as long as 1/4 of terminal labial palpomere, sensory slit reaching apex (Fig. 14D–F). Thorax (Fig. 14A). Prothorax short, much broader than long, brownish, covered with long brownish setae. Meso- and metathorax brownish, with indistinct median yellowish stripes, prominent yellow spots on posterolateral margins of metascutum; meso- and metathorax covered with long white setae. Wings (Fig. 13A–B). Narrow at base, wider towards apex; veins mainly covered with short black setae; forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Forewing. Costal, apical and hind margins with many irregular brown markings, particularly on anal region; two distinct pale brown markings originated from R, present at middle; first marking linear, crossing middle of cubital fork; second marking quadrate, crossing middle of cubital fork. Longitudinal veins brownish yellow; Sc with alternating yellow and brown sections; Rs and MA yellow, except slightly brownish at markings; cubital fork dark brown, anterior fork with alternating brown and yellow sections, posterior cubital fork brownish. Rs arises just beyond cubital fork; six presectoral crossveins, basal three crossveins biaereolated. Hindwing. Five prominent pale brown markings; basal marking divided, anterior marking circular at cubital fork, posterior marking circular or linear at Rv; second, third and fourth markings originated from R; second marking irregular, quadrate or narrower at base, wider at hind margin; third and fourth marking connected at middle, reaching at hind margin; apical margin of wing with distinct brown marking. Longitudinal veins yellow, brownish at markings. Rs arises at the same level to MP fork; three presectoral crossveins, basal crossvein biaereolated. Pilula axillaris dark brown. Legs (Fig. 14H). Brownish, densely covered with short white and long black setae; coxa with long white setae; tibial spurs feebly curved, nearly equal to Ta3. Abdomen (Fig. 12A–B). Brownish yellow, shorter than hindwing; T1 and T2 with dense greyish yellow setae, T3 with mixed black and white setae, terga 3–8 with short black setae; lateral margins of T1–T3, ventral sides of T1 and T2 with white setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 15C–G). Tergite 9 subquadrate; sternite 9 with round apex; ectoprocts yellowish brown, cylindrical, moderately curved at base, as long as tergite 8, with two stout black spines at base of ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 paired and widely separated with each other, with acute apex and acutely tapering basal projection; gonarcal bulla present. Female genitalia (Fig. 15A–B). Tergite 9 subquadrate; ectoprocts rounded bearing stout fossorial spines on ventral half; gonocoxites 8 rounded with long black setae; gonocoxites 9 triangular with stout fossorial spines. Material examined. PAKISTAN. Balochistan province. District Nushki, 1♀, 26.viii.2000, PMNH (C# 29738), leg. K.J. Beig (PMNH); Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. District Khyber, Jumrud, 1♁, 19.x.1949, leg. N.A. Aslam (NIM). Bibliography. Navás (1912c: 55) described Palpares zugmayeri from Pasni, Mekran, Baluchistan based on a female specimen (probably single individual) and provided the morphological description and illustration of dorsal habitus. Hölzel (1972) synonymized Palpares zugmayeri with Parapalpares solidus. Iqbal & Yousuf (1990: 56; 1997) listed this species as Palpares solidus from Faisalabad, and provided the identification key, redescription and distribution data in Pakistan. Stange (2004: 65) and Hassan et al. (2019: 515) included this species in their catalogue. Distribution. Pakistan. Balochistan province, District Gwadar, Pasni; Punjab province, District Rawalpindi;— Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Navás 1912c; Hölzel 1972; Iqbal & Yousuf 1990; Stange 2004; El Hamouly et al. 2019; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2021)., Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan, pp. 565-588 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on pages 580-585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7762572, {"references":["Navas, L. (1912 a) Notas sobre Mirmeleonidos (Ins. Neur.). Broteria, Zoologica, 10, 29 - 75 + 85 + 97. [BotN ref # 555]","Holzel, H. (1972) Die Neuropteren Vorderasiens IV. Myrmeleonidae. Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, Beiheft, 1, 3 - 103. [BotN ref # 2968]","Navas, L. (1912 c) Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in Munchen. III. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 3, 55 - 59. [BotN ref # 544]","Navas, L. (1927) Insecta orientalia. V Series. Memorie dell'Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome, Series 2, 10, 11 - 26. [BotN ref # 824]","Navas, L. (1928) Insectos del Museo de Estocolmo. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 24, 28 - 39. [BotN ref # 837]","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1990) The genus Palpares Rambur (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) with new records from 3 species from Pakistan. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10, 55 - 59. [BotN ref # 9851]","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1997) Antlions (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) of the Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 29, 127 - 138. [BotN ref # 9177]","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]","Hassan, M. A., Oswald, J. D., Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686 (4), 497 - 541. [BotN ref # 18759] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.4.3","El Hamouly, H., Sawaby, R. F. & Abu El-Hassan, G. (2019) Review of Subfamily Palparinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Egypt. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A, Entomology, 12, 85 - 97. [BotN ref # 18896] https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / eajbsa. 2019.29777","Oswald, J. D. (2021) Neuropterida Species of the World. URL. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 16 August 2021)"]}

Parapalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988 Parapalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988: 76. Type species: Palpares latipennis Rambur, 1842: 374. Original designation. Diagnosis. Parapalpares is very similar to Palpares but can be characterized by elongated labial palp with distal clavate palpimacula reaching apex (Fig. 14D–F), thorax brownish yellow without distinct median longitudinal brownish stripe (Fig. 14A), abdomen uniformly pale yellowish brown (Fig. 12A–B), male sternite 9 with round apex (Fig. 15D), male ectoprocts cylindrical, moderately curved at base, and male gonocoxites 9 paired and widely separated with each other, with acute apex and acutely tapering basal projection (Fig. 15E–G). Distribution. Afrotropical, Southern Palearctic and Western Oriental (Stange 2004; Machado et al. 2019). Remarks. Parapalpares is a small genus with eight valid species, mainly distributed in the Afrotropical (5 spp.), Palaearctic (3 sp.) and Oriental (1 sp.) regions (Stange 2004; Akoudjin & Michel 2011; Mirmoayedi et al. 2015; Prost 2018; Oswald 2021). Among the Palaearctic species, P. dispar (Navás, 1912) is known from the Palearctic (Iran) to Afrotropical (Northern Africa, Algeria, Egypt to Oman) region (Stange 2014; Mirmoayedi et al. 2015), P. papilionoides (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834) is distributed in Afrotropical Africa (southwest and central east) to Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen) and Israel (Ábrahám 2012; El Hamouly et al. 2019; Oswald 2021), whereas P. solidus (Gerstaecker) is known from the Palaearctic (Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Turkey, and Uzbekistan) to the Oriental (Pakistan) region (Insom & Carfi 1988; Iqbal & Yousuf 1990: Fig. 16)., Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan, pp. 565-588 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on pages 579-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7762572, {"references":["Rambur, M. P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref # 5314]","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]","Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. [BotN ref # 18370] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334","Akoudjin, M. & Michel, B. (2011) A new species of Palpares Rambur (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) with an identification key to the species of West Africa. Zootaxa, 2792 (1), 33 - 40. [BotN ref # 13824] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2792.1.3","Mirmoayedi, A., Krivokhatsky, V. & Dobosz, R. (2015) Annotated check-list of the antlions of Iran (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Acta Entomologica Silesiana, 23, 1 - 16. [BotN ref # 15840]","Prost, A. (2018) Revision du taxon Parapalpares latipennis (Rambur, 1842) et description d'une espece nouvelle d'Angola (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Palparinae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 65 - 71. [BotN ref # 16346] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 2003","Oswald, J. D. (2021) Neuropterida Species of the World. URL. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 16 August 2021)","Abraham, L. (2012) \" On the other hand, what is this Eastern aeschnoides? \" (Morton 1926) - an undescribed Palpares species from the Eastern Mediterranean (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Natura Somogyiensis, 22, 65 - 102. [BotN ref # 15035]","El Hamouly, H., Sawaby, R. F. & Abu El-Hassan, G. (2019) Review of Subfamily Palparinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Egypt. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A, Entomology, 12, 85 - 97. [BotN ref # 18896] https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / eajbsa. 2019.29777","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1990) The genus Palpares Rambur (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) with new records from 3 species from Pakistan. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10, 55 - 59. [BotN ref # 9851]"]}

Indopalpares pardus (Rambur, 1842) (Figs 1–5) Palpares pardus Rambur, 1842: 375. Type locality: India (Maharashtra: Mumbai). Subsequent authors designated a syntype from its type series. Sex undetermined. Myrmeleon expertus Walker, 1853: 311. Type locality: India. Sex undetermined. Synonymized by Banks, 1913: 188. Myrmeleon nepalensis Hagen, 1866: 444. Type locality: Unknown (probably Nepal). No type designation. Nomen dubium. After Stange, 2004: 40. Palpares pardus partitus Banks, 1911b: 100. Type locality: India (Maharashtra: Mumbai). No type designation. After Stange, 2004: 40. Palpares pardus stellatus Navás, 1912b: 223. Type locality: Sri Lanka. Holotype male. After Stange, 2004: 40. Palpares pardus asanai Kuwayama, 1933: 446. Type locality: India (Maharashtra: Mumbai). Holotype male. After Stange, 2004: 40. Diagnosis. Hindwing with a single subapical marking, not reaching hind margin. Labial palp short, as long as maxillary palp, clavate, brownish, with short round apex, palpimacula oval and not reaching apex of terminal palpomere (Fig. 3D). Antennal scape with long black setae (Fig. 3F). Thorax brownish black with yellow markings (Fig. 3A).. Legs brownish, tarsi black, tibial spurs slightly greater than proximal three tarsomeres taken together (Ta1–Ta3) (Fig. 3E). Ectoproct in male cylindrical, distinctly curved at base, covered with thick black setae on ventral side (Fig. 4C); base of ectoproct in male with one prominent seta on short tubercle (Fig. 4D); male sternite 9 triangular with acute apex (Fig. 4D); male gonocoxites 9 with a median sensory bulla (Fig. 4F), and gonarcal bulla feebly developed (Fig. 4G). Measurement (♁n=2, ♀ n=1). Forewing length ♁ 52.7–53.0 mm, ♀ 58.3 mm, width ♁ 16.6–18.5 mm, ♀ 20.7 mm; hindwing length ♁ 52.0– 52.5 mm, ♀ 54.0 mm, width ♁ 15.7–17.1 mm, ♀ 18.7 mm; body length ♁ 45.0–50.0 mm, ♀ 48.0 mm. Redescription. Head wider than prothorax (Fig. 3B–C). Face yellow, covered with long pale setae (Fig. 3B). Frons brownish. Vertex raised, yellow, with a median longitudinal suture, anterolaterally with short black setae, posteromedian with three brownish markings (Fig. 3C). Antenna longer than head width, black, club-shaped; scape, pedicel and base of flagellum brownish; antennal toruli bright yellow; scape with long black setae, flagellum densely covered with short black setae (Fig. 3F). Clypeus and labrum yellow with rows of black setae. Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow. Labial palp with long black setae, but terminal palpomere clavate, brownish with short round tip, palpimacula oval and not reaching apex (Fig. 3D). Thorax (Fig. 3A). Prothorax short, much broader than long; pronotum yellow with a median blackish brown stripe, greatly widened towards posterior margin; posterolateral margins brownish; anterior and posterior margins slightly raised with mixed brown and pale setae. Meso- and metathorax brown with yellow stripes, densely covered with creamy yellow fine long setae. Mesoprescutum brown, with lateral margins yellow; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum brown with a pair of yellow stripes; metaprescutum and metascutum brown, with a pair of yellow stripes; metascutellum brown with lateral margins yellow. Wings (Fig. 3A–B). Narrow at base, wider towards apex; distinct brown marking patterns present; veins mainly covered with short black setae. Forewing. Costal area with 9–11 quadrate markings, except proximal area with 1–4 short markings; five highly variable diffuse pale brown markings present along R; basal marking quadrate; second marking much longer by posterior extension or divided at middle; third marking quadrate; subapical marking longest but variable in shape, not reaching hind margin; hind margin with brown markings, sometimes linear or finger-like; veins mainly yellow, brownish to dark at brown markings; R brown, yellowish proximad basal mark; cubital fork dark brown, veins alternating brown and yellow sections. Rs arises slightly beyond the cubital fork; 5–6 presectoral crossveins and 2–3 crossveins biaereolated proximal to origin of Rs. Hindwing. Costal area with 9–11 quadrate markings, and proximal area with 1–3 short markings; three highly variable markings present; basal marking nearly quadrate, originated slightly beyond MA, crossing recurrent vein to three cells; middle and subapical markings originated from R to middle of wing; apical large brown marking same as forewing except two circular but not linear stripes at middle; a small brown marking at origin of recurrent vein, which may be indistinct; hind margin with linear or diffused brown markings, except a large brown marking proximal to hind margin of subapical marking. Rs arises slightly proximad cubital fork; 6–7 presectoral crossveins, two crossveins biaereolated proximal to origin of Rs. Pilula axillaris pale to dark with shining golden brown. Legs (Fig. 3E). Coxa dark brown, basal and apical ring yellow; trochanter, femora and tibia brown; tarsus, pretarsal claws, and tibial spurs black. Coxa with fine white setae; trochanter ventrally with distinct black setae; femora with mixed short white and long black setae; tibia with long black setae. Tibial spurs slightly greater than Ta1–Ta3, covered with thin and thick short black setae. Abdomen (Fig. 1A–B). Shorter than hindwing, brownish in male with dense white setae on tergites 1–2 and basal 1/3 of tergite 3, remaining with short black setae; dark brown with short yellow setae in female. Male genitalia (Fig. 4C–G). Tergite 9 subquadrate; sternite 9 with acute apex; ectoprocts yellowish brown, cylindrical, distinctly curved dorsad at base, with long black setae ventrally and fine setae on dorsal surface; base of ectoproct with one prominent seta on short tubercle; gonocoxites 9 with a median sensory bulla; gonarcal bulla feebly developed. Female genitalia (Fig. 4A–B). Tergite 9 quadrate; ectoprocts rounded bearing stout fossorial spines; gonocoxites 8 rounded; gonocoxites 9 rounded with stout fossorial spines. Material examined. PAKISTAN. Punjab province: Attock dist., New Islamabad International Airport, 1 ♁, 11.ix.2019, leg. M.A. Aslam (CAU); Islamabad Capital Territory, 1♁, 2.ix.1996, PMNH (C# 22868), leg. Azhar (PMNH), 1♀, 28.viii. 2000, 524 m, PMNH (C# 29738), leg. Faiz (PMNH). Bibliography. Iqbal & Yousuf (1990: 55) mentioned the first record of Indopalpares pardus from Faisalabad, Punjab based on the unpublished master thesis of Beg (1960). Later, Iqbal & Yousuf (1990: 58; 1997: 128) formerly published the record of this species from the same locality in Punjab with identification key, redescription and distribution data in Pakistan. Stange (2004: 40) and Hassan et al. (2019: 514) included above record in their catalogue. Distribution. Pakistan. Punjab province, District Attock, District Faisalabad;—Myanmar, East Indies, India, Sri Lanka (Iqbal & Yousuf 1990, 1997; New 2003; Stange 2004; Ghosh 2000; Hassan et al. 2019; Tauber et al. 2019; Oswald 2021). Remarks. Due to wide range of variation of the wing markings in this species, subsequent authors have synonymized the previously described subspecies under Indopalpares pardus., Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan, pp. 565-588 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on pages 567-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7762572, {"references":["Rambur, M. P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref # 5314]","Walker, F. (1853) Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae- Nemopterides). Newman, London, 284 pp. [pp. 193 - 476] [BotN ref # 6194]","Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171","Hagen, H. A. (1866) Hemerobidarum Synopsis synonymica. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 27, 369 - 462. [BotN ref # 460]","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]","Banks, N. (1911 b) Notes on Indian neuropteroid insects. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 13, 99 - 106. [BotN ref # 51]","Navas, L. (1912 b) Myrmeleonides nouveaux ou peu connus (Ins. Nevr.). Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, 36, 203 - 248. [BotN ref # 551]","Kuwayama, S. (1933) Notes on two species of the family Myrmeleontidae. Proceedings of the Imperia Academy of Japan, 9, 446 - 449. [BotN ref # 3511] https: // doi. org / 10.2183 / pjab 1912.9.446","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1990) The genus Palpares Rambur (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) with new records from 3 species from Pakistan. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10, 55 - 59. [BotN ref # 9851]","Beg, A. M. (1960) Neuroptera of Lyallpur. Master's thesis, Punjab University, Lahore. [unknown pagination, BotNref # 9850]","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1997) Antlions (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) of the Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 29, 127 - 138. [BotN ref # 9177]","Hassan, M. A., Oswald, J. D., Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686 (4), 497 - 541. [BotN ref # 18759] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.4.3","New, T. R. (2003) The Neuroptera (Insecta) of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana. Vol. 4. Brill, Leiden, viii + 204 pp. [BotN ref # 10897] https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004474611","Ghosh, S. K. (2000) Neuroptera fauna of North-East India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 184, i - xiii + 1 - 179. [BotN ref # 11664]","Tauber, C. A., Simmons, Z. & Tauber, A. J. (2019) Type specimens of Neuropterida in the Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. ZooKeys, 823, 1 - 126. [BotN ref # 18513] https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 823.30231","Oswald, J. D. (2021) Neuropterida Species of the World. URL. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 16 August 2021)"]}

Genus Indopalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988 Indopalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988: 77. Type species: Palpares pardus Rambur, 1842: 375. Original designation and monotypy. Diagnosis. Indopalpares can be characterized by the short labial palpus with oval palpimacula (Fig. 3D), presence of long black setae on antennal scape (Fig. 3F), triangular male sternite 9 with acutely tapering apex (Fig. 4D), cylindrical and arcuated male ectoproct (Fig. 4C) with a single prominent seta on short tubercle at base (Fig. 4D), male gonocoxites 9 with a median sensory bulla (Fig. 4E–F), and feebly developed gonarcal bulla (Fig. 4F). Distribution. East Indies, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (Iqbal & Yousuf 1990, 1997; New 2003; Stange 2004; Ghosh 2000; Hassan et al. 2019; Tauber et al. 2019; Oswald 2021). Remarks. Indopalpares is an endemic monotypic genus only known from Pakistan and India. Stange (2004) noted that the only autapomorphy of Indopalpares is the basally bent gonarcus (i.e., male gonocoxites 11). Morphologically, Indopalpares shares many similar characters with Palparellus Navás, 1912 and Pseudopalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988; including small labial palp with oval palpimacula, cylindrical and slightly arched ectoprocts, and presence of one prominent seta on short tubercle in male ectoprocts. However, Indopalpares and Pseudopalpares are still considered monotypic genera with species that have a limited geographic range, Indopalpares is limited to the Oriental region (Pakistan and India) (Fig. 5), while Pseudopalpares is limited to the Southern and Eastern African domains (Stange 2004). In addition to the above similarities, these two genera share parameres (i.e., male gonocoxites 9) with a median sensory bulla, which is absent in Palparellus., Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan, pp. 565-588 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on page 567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7762572, {"references":["Rambur, M. P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref # 5314]","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1990) The genus Palpares Rambur (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) with new records from 3 species from Pakistan. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10, 55 - 59. [BotN ref # 9851]","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1997) Antlions (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) of the Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 29, 127 - 138. [BotN ref # 9177]","New, T. R. (2003) The Neuroptera (Insecta) of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana. Vol. 4. Brill, Leiden, viii + 204 pp. [BotN ref # 10897] https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004474611","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]","Ghosh, S. K. (2000) Neuroptera fauna of North-East India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 184, i - xiii + 1 - 179. [BotN ref # 11664]","Hassan, M. A., Oswald, J. D., Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686 (4), 497 - 541. [BotN ref # 18759] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.4.3","Tauber, C. A., Simmons, Z. & Tauber, A. J. (2019) Type specimens of Neuropterida in the Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. ZooKeys, 823, 1 - 126. [BotN ref # 18513] https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 823.30231","Oswald, J. D. (2021) Neuropterida Species of the World. URL. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 16 August 2021)"]}

Tribe Palparini Banks, 1911 Notes. Despite debatable generic status, the following genera: Indopalpares, Palpares, and Parapalpares can be distinguished by characters proposed by Insom & Carfi (1988) and present examination: 1) Size of labial palp smaller in Indopalpares, larger in Palpares and Parapalpares; 2) Prothoracic markings wholly brownish yellow, without distinct median longitudinal stripe in Parapalpares, with a distinct median stripe in Indopalpares and Palpares; 3) Abdominal markings on lateral margins and posterior margin of tergites 6–8 narrowly yellow in Indopalpares, uniformly pale brown in Palpares and Parapalpares; 4) Shape of male ectoprocts cylindrical, distinctly curved at base in Indopalpares, moderately curved at base in Parapalpares and Palpares; 5) Shape of male sternite 9: Acutely tapering at apex in Indopalpares, round in Palpares and Parapalpares; 6) Gonocoxites 9 paired and widely separated from each other, with acute apex and acutely tapering basal projection in Parapalpares, closely spaced, with obtuse apex and basal projection absent or obtuse in Indopalpares and Palpares; 7) Gonocoxites 9 with median sensory bulla present in Indopalpares, indistinct in Palpares and Parapalpares; and 8) Gonarcal bulla feebly developed in Indopalpares, distinct in Palpares and Parapalpares., Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan, pp. 565-588 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on page 567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7762572

Palpares zebratus Rambur, 1842 (Figs 6–11) Palpares zebratus Rambur, 1842: 371. Type locality: India (Tamil Nadu: Pondicherry). Holotype male. Palpares trichogaster Navás, 1913: 481. Type locality: Pakistan (Sindh: Karachi, Manora). Holotype male. syn. nov. Palpares nobilis Navás, 1931: 77. Type locality: India. Holotype female. Synonymized by Giacomino & Ábrahám, 2018: 87. Diagnosis. Palpares zebratus is similar to Palpares cephalotes in external morphology and wing markings, but can be distinguished by short white setae only limited to tergites 1–2 and proximal 1/3 of tergite 3 (Fig. 7A–B). P. cephalotes has tergites 1–5 in males densely covered with long white setae (El Hamouly et al. 2019; fig. 3f), but the abdomen of P. zebratus is missing in the type photographs provided by Giacomino & Ábrahám (2018; fig. 1). This diagnosis is based on male individuals of Palpares trichogaster, a new synonym of P. zebratus in present study. Measurement (♁n=1). Forewing length 65.0 mm, width 18.1 mm; hindwing length 60.0 mm, width 16.5 mm; body length 79.0 mm. Redescription. Head wider than prothorax (Fig. 7B–C). Face yellow with short white setae. Frons brownish yellow. Vertex raised, with median longitudinal suture, brownish yellow, with a median brownish marking, narrow at posterior margin, covered with short white setae. Antenna missing in the studied and type species. Scape and pedicel brownish, with short black and white setae. Clypeus and labrum yellow with short white setae. Maxillary and labial palps brownish yellow. Labial palp large, palpimacula clavate, covered with short brown setae, sensory slit reaching apex (Fig. 7D–F). Thorax (Fig. 7A). Prothorax short, much broader than long, pronotum yellow with a median and lateral brownish stripe, covered with long white setae, except posterior margin of median black stripe with black setae. Mesoand metathorax brown with yellow stripes, densely covered with yellow long fine setae. Mesoprescutum brown, with lateral margins yellow; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum brown with a pair of narrow median yellow stripes; metaprescutum brown, metascutum yellow with a median brownish longitudinal stripe, metascutellum brown with hind margin yellow; meso- and metathorax covered with brownish setae, laterally with long dense white setae. Pleurite densely covered with long white setae (Fig. 8A–B). Wings (Fig. 9). Narrow at base, wider towards apex; highly diffused brown markings present; veins mainly covered with short black setae; forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Forewing. Costal, apical and hind margins with many irregular brown markings, particularly on crossveins; three distinct pale brown markings present; basal marking linear; second marking quadrate, divided at MA, posterior marking with irregular shape; third marking oblique at apical margin. Longitudinal veins dark brown; base of C brownish yellow; Sc with alternating yellow and brown sections after first marking; Rs and MA brownish yellow; base of Cu brownish yellow; anterior fork of CuA with alternating brown and yellow sections; CuP slightly yellow at base and apex; 1A–3A with alternating brown and yellow sections. Crossveins yellow. Rs arises just beyond cubital fork; 6–8 presectoral crossveins and one or two crossveins proximal to origin of Rs biaereolated. Hindwing. Costal, apical and hind margins with many irregular markings; five prominent pale brown markings present; basal marking of variable shape, circular at base, slightly narrow at recurrent vein, followed by slightly curved posterior margin; second, third and fourth markings are originated from R, not reaching at hind margins; second marking variable in shape; third marking quadrate proximad basal half, distinctly curved at distal half; fourth marking divided into two independent circular markings; apical marking with two independent parallel spots, posterior marking reaching at apical margin. Longitudinal veins mainly dark brown; base of C brownish yellow; Sc with alternating brown and yellow sections after second marking; Rs and MA brownish yellow; MP brownish yellow at base, anterior branch with alternating brown and yellow sections; Rv brownish yellow apically; CuA proximally brownish yellow; CuP slightly yellow at proximal and distal margin; distal half of 1A–3A light yellow, covered with distinct black setae, proximal to 3A with some long white setae. Rs arises at same level to MP fork; two presectoral crossveins, basal crossvein proximal to origin of Rs biaereolated (Fig. 9). Pilula axillaris dark brown. Legs (Fig. 8A–B). Brownish, densely covered with short white and long black setae; coxa with long white setae; tibial spurs and pretarsal claws dark brown; tibial spurs nearly equal to Ta 3 in foreleg, extending to just beyond Ta 2 in mid and hind leg; Ta1–Ta4 short, Ta5 long, approximately equal to combined length of Ta1–Ta4. Abdomen (Fig. 6A–B). Brownish, tergites 1–2 covered with long white setae; tergite 3 with mixed short white, and long black setae; tergites 4–8 with short black setae; sternite 1 covered with long white setae; sternite 2 with wholly short white setae or at proximal 1/3 with a few short black setae; sternites 3-6 with short black setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 10A–E). Tergite 9 subquadrate, sternite 9 with round apex; ectoprocts moderately curved dorsad at base, base of ectoprocts with three stout black setae on short tubercle; gonocoxites 9 closely spaced, with obtuse apex and basal projection; gonarcal bulla present. Material examined. PAKISTAN. Islamabad Capital Territory, 1♁, 9.viii.1989, PMNH (C# 4117), leg. Faiz (PMNH). Bibliography. Navás (1913: 481) described Palpares trichogaster from Karachi, Manora, Sindh based on a single male specimen, and provided the morphological description and forewing illustration. Herein we synonymized P. trichogaster with P. zebratus. Whittington (2002: 385) listed P. zebratus, and Stange (2004: 60) and Hassan et al. (2019: 515) included both P. zebratus and P. trichogaster in their catalogue of Neuropterida from Pakistan. Distribution. Pakistan. Sindh province, District Karachi;—India (Whittington 2002; Stange 2004; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2021). Remarks. Banks (1913) in a review of the African and Indian Palpares species considered P. infimus (Walker) as a junior synonym of P. patiens (Walker), largely based on the similarity in wing markings. Most recently, Giacomino & Ábrahám (2018) considered P. infimus, P. patiens, and P. nobilis as junior synonyms of P. zebratus based on similar wing markings in their type species. However, these synonyms are redefined based on the prominent second to fifth pale brown markings on the hindwing reaching at apex in P. infimus (Giacomino & Ábrahám 2018: fig. 3; Banks 1913: fig. 10) and P. patiens (Banks 1913: fig. 12) or not reaching at apex in P. zebratus (Banks 1913: fig. 28; Giacomino & Ábrahám 2018: fig. 1) and P. trichogaster (Fig. 8). After careful comparisons of the photographs of type specimen of P. trichogaster at NHML, recent work of P. infimus, P. nobilis and P. zebratus by Giacomino & Ábrahám (2018), and new materials from Pakistan, we proposed the following new taxonomic changes: P. patiens should be a valid species and P. infimus retained its junior synonym (after Banks 1913), and P. trichogaster is considered as a new synonym of P. zebratus., Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan, pp. 565-588 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on pages 574-579, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7762572, {"references":["Rambur, M. P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref # 5314]","Navas, L. (1913) Mis excursiones por el extranjero en el verano de 1912 (25 Julio - 16 Septiembre). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 10, 479 - 514. [BotN ref # 574]","Navas, L. (1931) Comunicaciones entomologicas. 13. Insectos de la India. 3. a serie. Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza, 14, 74 - 92. [BotN ref # 891]","Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L. (2018) Little-known and synonymous antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 85 - 101. [BotN ref # 18879] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1967","El Hamouly, H., Sawaby, R. F. & Abu El-Hassan, G. (2019) Review of Subfamily Palparinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Egypt. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A, Entomology, 12, 85 - 97. [BotN ref # 18896] https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / eajbsa. 2019.29777","Whittington, A. E. (2002) Resources in Scottish Neuropterology. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48, 371 - 387. [BotN ref # 10317]","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]","Hassan, M. A., Oswald, J. D., Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686 (4), 497 - 541. [BotN ref # 18759] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.4.3","Oswald, J. D. (2021) Neuropterida Species of the World. URL. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 16 August 2021)","Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171"]}

The antlion tribe Palparini Banks, 1911 (Myrmeleontidae: Ascalaphinae) currently comprises five genera and seven species in Pakistan. The taxonomic status of three genera, namely Indopalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988, Palpares Rambur, 1842, and Parapalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988, are revised herein. Indopalpares pardus (Rambur, 1842), Palpares zebratus Rambur, 1842, and Parapalpares solidus (Gerstaecker, 1894) are redescribed based on the material from the northern areas of Pakistan. The following taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are proposed: Palpares patiens is re-established as valid species, and P. infimus is transferred to senior synonym of P. patiens from P. zebratus; Palpares trichogaster syn. nov. is considered a new synonym of Palpares zebratus. The re-find of the rarely known endemic species Palpares zebratus from northern areas in Pakistan reveals its wider distribution far from its type localities in the southern Indian state (Tamil Nadu) and the southern province in Pakistan (Sindh). Taxonomic remarks, distribution maps, and detailed photographs of three species are provided based on both external morphological and genital characters.

Genus Palpares Rambur, 1842 Palpares Rambur, 1842: 365. Type species: Hemerobius libelluloides Linnaeus, 1764: 401. As “ Palpares libelluloides [sic]” subsequent designation by Hagen, 1873: 390 – from Oswald & Penny, 1991: 47. Negretus Navás, 1912c: 56. Type species: Negretus ertli Navás, 1912c: 57. Monotypy. Holotype female. Synonymized by Stange, 2004: 47. Distribution. Palearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions (Stange 2004; Machado et al. 2019). Remarks. Palpares is a relatively larger genus with 66 known species, which are mainly distributed in the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Mansell 2004; Michel et al. 2017; Machado et al. 2019). Currently, Palpares contains three species in Pakistan, which mainly occur in the northeastern (1 sp.), southern (1 spp.), and southeastern (2 spp.) parts: P. astarte Banks, 1913 and P. cephalotes (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1832) from Rajanpur district (southeastern) [see notes below], and P. zebratus known from southern (Karachi) and northern (Islamabad) parts (Iqbal & Yousuf 1990, 1997; Whittington 2002; Hassan et al. 2019). These Palpares species found in Pakistan can be distinguished from other palparine genera by elongated labial palp with distally clavated palpimacula, sensory slit 1/2–1/3 length of terminal labial palpomere, reaching to apex; thorax brownish yellow with distinct median longitudinal brownish stripe; abdomen uniformly pale yellowish brown; male sternite 9 with round apex; ectoprocts cylindrical, slightly or distinctly curved at base; male gonocoxites 9 closely spaced, with obtuse apex and basal projection; and presence of gonarcal bulla., Published as part of Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan, pp. 565-588 in Zootaxa 5256 (6) on page 573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7762572, {"references":["Rambur, M. P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref # 5314]","Linnaeus, C. (1764) Museum S: ae R: ae M: tis ludovicae ulricae reginae svecorum, gothorum, vandalorumque & c. & c. & c. In quo animalia rariora, exotica, imprimis insecta & Conchilia describuntur & determinantur prodomi instar editum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 720 pp. [BotN ref # 3732] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51532","Navas, L. (1912 c) Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in Munchen. III. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 3, 55 - 59. [BotN ref # 544]","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]","Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. [BotN ref # 18370] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334","Mansell, M. W. (2004) Antlions of southern Africa: Annulares nov. gen. (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Palparini) including two new species, with comments on the tribe Palparini. Denisia, 13, 201 - 208. [BotN ref # 11272]","Michel, B., Clamens, A. L., Berthoux, O., Kergoat, G. J. & Condamine, F. L. (2017) A first higher-level time calibrated phylogeny of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107, 103 - 116. [BotN ref # 15981] https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.10.014","Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1990) The genus Palpares Rambur (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) with new records from 3 species from Pakistan. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10, 55 - 59. [BotN ref # 9851]","Iqbal, M. & Yousuf, M. (1997) Antlions (Myrmeleontidae: Neuroptera) of the Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 29, 127 - 138. [BotN ref # 9177]","Whittington, A. E. (2002) Resources in Scottish Neuropterology. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48, 371 - 387. [BotN ref # 10317]","Hassan, M. A., Oswald, J. D., Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686 (4), 497 - 541. [BotN ref # 18759] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.4.3"]}

Nedroledon anatolicus Navás, 1914 Nedroledon anatolicus Navás, 1914:10; Hölzel 1972:65; Steffan 1975:34; Aspöck et al. 1980:310; 2001:295; Aspöck, Hölzel 1996:76; Popov 1993: 25; 1996:43; 2002:277; Kačirek 1998:186; 2013: 194; Krivokhatsky 1998:34; Stange 2004:192; Canbulat 2007:46, Dvořák & Georgiev 2018:4 Pteroleon longiventris Navás, 1932:80; Kis 1965:363; Kis et al. 1970:311; Hölzel 1972:65 (syn.). Banatoleon lineatus Kis, 1964:264; 1965:363 (syn. of P. longiventris); Kis et al. 1970:310; Hölzel 1972:65 (syn. of N. anatolicus). The type material was checked and the lectotype was designated (present designation) as // Lectotype female / Nedroledon anatolicus / Navás, 1914 / designated: R. Dobosz //, preserved in NHMW, Wien [= Vienna] (Fig. 1). The holotype of Banatoleon lineatus Kis, 1964 was preserved in the author’s private collection. The collection was later moved to the HNHM in Budapest, but the type specimen is now missing. Additional material examined: SCM: Bulgaria: 1♂, 10–11. Jul 2022, 1 km E of Kalimanci 310 m leg. Attila Szabó & Eszter Szabó; Romania: 1♀, 20 Jun 1980, Gura Vaii, V. Oglanicului [Valea Oglanicului Nature Reserve], leg. Ruicanesus (Fig. 2). USMB: Bulgaria: 1♂, 08 Jul 2003, Pirin Mts., Kalimantsi, ad lucem, leg. M. Bunalski (USMB 5858 /1003) (Fig. 2a–c). Private collections: Bulgaria: 1♂, 05 Jul 2019,, Kresna, leg. Juhász István (in coll.: Zoltán Papp, Hungary), 1♀, 07 Jul 2021, Blagoevgrad county, Stara Kresna, leg: I. Juhász, 1♀, 08 Jul 2021, Blagoevgrad county, Kalimantsi, leg: I. Juhász (in coll. Levente Székely BraȘov, Romania). Distribution: Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Turkey.Relict of Hesperian Palaeogene Subtropical forests (Krivokhatsky 2011). Comments: Brauer initially identified the type specimens “ notatus ? det. Brauer” [Nemoleon notatus (Rambur, 1842)]; but Navás (1914) described it as a new species. This rare species was described twice more following the original description from collections made in Greece and Romania, and those specimens are now synonyms (Hölzel 1972). Oswald (2021) listed this species for Hungary, but it has not been collected in that country. Before World War I, the type specimen of Banatoleon lineatus Kis, 1964 was collected in a locality that was within the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, but this area now belongs to Romania., Published as part of Krivokhatsky, Victor, Dobosz, Roland & Ábrahám, Levente, 2022, The new antlion genus Dominikon gen. nov. with the description of a new species Dominikon aspoecki sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 94-114 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7224181, {"references":["Navas, L. (1914) Neuroptera asiatica. III series. Revue Russe d'Entomologie, 14, 6 - 13.","Holzel, H. (1972) Die Neuropteren Vorderasiens IV. Myrmeleonidae. Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, Beiheft 1, 3 - 103.","Steffan, J. R. (1975) Rapports entre climat, vegetation et chorologie chez les Fourmilions d'Europe (Neur.) Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin of Ecology, 6, 33 - 40.","Aspock, H., Aspock, U. & Holzel, H. (1980) Die Neuropteren Europas. Vols. 1 & 2. Joecke et Evers, Krefeld, 495 pp. & 355 pp.","Aspock, H., Holzel, H. & Aspock, U. (2001) Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaarktis. Denisia, 2, 1 - 606.","Aspock, H. & Holzel, H. (1996) The Neuropteroidea of North Africa, Mediterranean Asia and of Europe: a comparative review (Insecta). In: Canard, M., Aspock, H. & Mansell, M. W. (Eds.), Pure and Applied Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology (Cairo, Egypt, 1994), Toulouse, France, 1996, pp. 31 - 86.","Popov, A. (1993) Raphidiopteren und Neuropteren aus Bulgarien in den Sammlungen des Nationalmuseums in Prag. Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 4, 16 - 28.","Popov, A. (1996) Zur Verbreitung der Myrmeleontiden in Bulgarien (Neuroptera). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 6, 37 - 47.","Popov, A. (2002) Zoogeographical analysis of Neuroptera in Bulgaria. In: Sziraki, G. (Ed.), Neuropterology 2000. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Neuropterology (6 - 9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48 (Supplement 2), pp. 271 - 280.","Kacirek, A. (1998) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Familien Myrmelontidae, Ascalaphidae und Nemopteridae (Neuroptera) der Turkei. Klapalekiana, 34, 183 - 188.","Kacirek, A. (2013) Contribution to the faunistics of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece. Klapalekiana, 49,189 - 196.","Krivokhatsky, V. A. (1998) Zoogeography of antlions of Palaearctic (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Meetings in memory of N. A. Cholodkovsky. St. Petersburg, 1998. 90 pp. [in Russian]","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565.","Canbulat, S. (2007) A checklist of Turkish Neuroptera with annotating on provincial distributions, Zootaxa, 1552 (1), 35 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1552.1.2","Dvorak, L. & Georgiev, D. (2018) New and interesting records of Neuroptera from Samothraki Island, north Aegean Islands, Greece. Parnassiana Archives, 6, 3 - 6.","Navas, L. (1932) Decadas de insectos nuevos. Decada 20. Broteria (Ciencias Naturais), 28, 74 - 85.","Kis, B. (1965) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Neuropterenfauna Rumaniens. Rovartani Kozlemenyek [Folia Entomologica Hungarica], New Series, 18, 359 - 366.","Kis, B., Nagler, C. & Mandru, C. (1970) Insecta: Neuroptera (Planipennia). Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, 8, 1 - 343.","Kis, B. (1964) Neue Myrmeleoniden - gattung und art aus Rumainen (Neuroptera). Reichenbachia, 3, 263 - 267.","Krivokhatsky, V. A. (2011) Мuрavьiныi Льvы (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) РOссii [= Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Russia]. TovaрiЩiсtvo Нaucныk IZDaнiй KMK [= KMK Scientific Press], Сaнkt-Pitiрbuрg [St. Petersburg], 334 pp.","Oswald, J. D. (2021) Lacewing digital library. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu (accessed 28 May 2022)"]}

Key to Dominikon species 1. Larger, length of forewing: 27–30 mm; membrane usually less pigmented with brown, between Mp and CuA membrane transparent and no brown markings along distal part of R (Figs. 18a–d, 20b).............................. D. iranensis - Smaller, length of forewing: 21–26 mm; membrane heavily pigmented with brown, between Mp and CuA with brown spots or a line.............................................................................................. 2 2. Membrane between Mp and CuA pale brown as well as along distal part of Rs1+Ma before pterostigma (Figs. 19a–d, 20c)............................................................................................. D. lagopus - Membrane between Mp and CuA with brown line, no brown marks in distal part of Rs1+Ma before pterostigma (Figs. 16a–d, 20a).................................................................................. D. aspoecki sp. n., Published as part of Krivokhatsky, Victor, Dobosz, Roland & Ábrahám, Levente, 2022, The new antlion genus Dominikon gen. nov. with the description of a new species Dominikon aspoecki sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 94-114 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7224181

Dominikon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894) Myrmeleon lagopus Gerstaecker, 1894:143; Hölzel 1972:69. Nedroledon striatus Hölzel, 1972:65; Şengonca 1979;13; Krivokhatsky 1998:33 (Fig. 8) [incorrect determination, the drawings show the new species—described in this publication]; Aspöck et al. 2001:295; Stange 2004:193; Mirmoayedi et al. 2015:156. Nedroledon striatus (Klug, 1834—sic!)— Satar & Özbay 2004:222. Nedroledon striatus Hölzel, 1972 — Holotype male was checked: // 4.–7.VI1969 S-Iran / Miyan Kotal 1900m / östl.v.Kazerun / 51 o 40′L/29 o 30′B / leg.Vartian //; // Holotypus ♂, Nedroledon / striatus / H. Hölzel 197[2] //; // coll./Horst & Ulrike / ASPÖCK // (Fig. 7). Myrmeleon lagopus Gerstaecker, 1894 — Lectotype female was checked, preserved in EMAU collection (Fig. 8). Nedroledon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894): Ábrahám & Giacomino 2020: 64–65. Additional material examined: DBRC: Iran: 1♀, 19–20 May 2018, prov. Fars, Zagros Mts., 2145 m, Dasht Arjan (7km SWW), 29°38′14″N 51°55′12″E at light, leg. V. Kubáň. HNHM: Iran: 1♂ 3♀, 26 May 1999, prov. Fars, Persepolis, Mt. Kum, 1200 m, leg. G. Kőszegi, K. Gaskó; 1♀, 25 May 1999, prov. Fars, Saadatabad, leg. G. Kőszegi (misidentified as Nedroledon iranicus [sic] det: Krivokhatsky 2000). SCM: Iran: 1♀, 25 May 1999, prov. Fars, Persepolis, Mt. Kum 1200 m, leg. K. Gaskó; 1♀, 20 Jun 2000, prov. Esfahan, Vill. Miyandast, leg. K. Gaskó; 2♂ 2♀, 2 May 2001, prov. Fars, Saadat—Shah 1900 m, 30°05′21′N 53°12′38′E, leg. Gy. Fábián, K.Víg; 5♀, 25 Jun 2005, prov. Kordestan, Faqih Soleyman, 35°05,085′N 46°54,118′E, leg. L. Ábrahám; 1♀, 28 Jun 2005, prov. Fars, 5 km from Vazag 1996 m, 30°35,230′N 51°37,699′E, leg. L. Ábrahám; 3♀, 30 Jun 2005, prov. Fars, Ganjegun 2417 m, 30°30,133′N 51°42,386′E, leg. L. Ábrahám; 6♀, 13 Jun 2012, prov. Kohgiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad, 30°30,1′N 51°42,4′E, leg. G. Petrányi, S. Ilniczky; 1♀, 14 Jun 2016, prov. Kohgiluje és Bjer Ahmad, Sisakhat 30°52,764′N 51°30,713′E, 2913 m, leg. S. Ilniczky & G. Petrányi. Turkey: 1♂ 1♀, 10 Jun 2004, prov. Siirt, 5 km SE of Eruh, 1250 m, leg. B. Benedek, T. Csővári; 4♀, 14 Jun 2004, prov. Hakkari, 35 km E of Hakkari, 1600 m, leg. B. Benedek, T. Csővári. USMB: Iran: 1 ♂, 14 Apr 2004, Lar, leg. I. Juhász (USMB 5858 /1081); 1 ♀, 30 Jun 2005, prov. Fars, Ganjegun [Ganjeh Gun] 2417 m, 30°30.133′N 51°42.386′E, leg. L. Ábrahám (USMB 5858 /1082); 1 ♀, 02 Jul 2005, prov. Fars, near spring of Sahlabad 2269 m, 29°27′N 52°36′E, leg. L. Ábrahám (USMB 5858 /1000); 2♀, 02 Jul 2005, prov. Fars, Chesmedye Chenar 2892 m, 30°20.505′N 51°57.324′E, leg. L. Ábrahám (USMB 5858 /1115, USMB 5858 /1195); 1♂ 4♀, 08 May 2017, prov. Fârs, 3 km SW of Khârameh 1820 m, 29º24′03″N 53º14′53″E Kuhhâye Zagros, at light, leg. R. Królik & A. Lasoń (USMB 5858 /22003, USMB 5858 /22004, USMB 5858 /22005, USMB 5858 /22006, USMB 5858 /22007); 2♂ 1♀, 19 May 2017, prov. Mâzandarân, 10 km E of Dasht-e Nazir, 36°25′41″S 51°31′49″E, Reshteh-ye-Alborz, netting, leg. L. Kruszelnicki (USMB 5858 /22008, USMB 5858 /22009, USMB 5858 /22010); 1♀, prov. Lorestan, 03 Jun 2018, Dorud 33°28′25″N, 49°4′14″E, 1500 m, hill, pine forest and meadows, netting, leg. R. Dobosz (in absolute ethanol). Turkey: 1♂ 1♀, 04–05 Jun 2002, prov. Mardin, Hop Geçidi 37°21′N 40°51′E, 1115 m, 8 km N of Mardin, leg. R. Dobosz (USMB 5844 /253, USMB 5844 /254); 4♂ 4♀, 13–15 Jun 2005, prov. Adiyaman, Karadut vill., pension 37°56′N 38°47′E, 1033 m, Nemrut Daði N.P., ad lucem, leg. R. Dobosz (USMB 5844 /255, USMB 5844 /257, USMB 5844 /258, USMB 5844 /259, USMB 5844 /260, USMB 5844 /261, USMB 5844 /262, USMB 5844 /263); 2♂ 1♀, 15–17 Jun 2005, prov. Adiyaman, Cesme pension, 37°57′N 38°46′E, 1420 m, Nemrut Daði N.P., ad lucem, leg. Roland Dobosz (USMB 5844 /265); 1♀, 23 Jul 2006, prov. Adiaman, Nemrut vill., 37°57′N 38°46′E, 1420 m, Nemrut Daði N.P., ad lucem, leg. Roland Dobosz (USMB 5844 /868). ZIN: Iran: 1♂, 26 May 1999, prov. Fars, Persepolis, Mt. Kum 1200 m, leg. G. Kőszegi, K. Gaskó; 1♀, 25 May 1999, prov. Fars, Sa’adatabad, Mt. Kum 1200 m, leg. G. Kőszegi. Turkey: 1♀, 10 Jun [19]74 [prov.] Urfa, 10 km W of Sivera, leg. M. For. Distribution: Iran, Turkey. West-Asian-Irano-Khorasanian species distribution (Krivokhatsky 2011) (Fig. 6). Comments: Myrmeleon lagopus Gerstaecker, 1894 was moved to Nedroledon Navás, 1914 by Ábrahám & Giacomino (2020). Based on an examination of the type specimen described by Gerstaecker, the authors of this publication treated Nedroledon striatus Hölzel, 1972 as a new junior synonym of Nedroledon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894). Of all the species of the genera Nedroledon and Dominikon, D. lagopus is the one most represented in scientific collections., Published as part of Krivokhatsky, Victor, Dobosz, Roland & Ábrahám, Levente, 2022, The new antlion genus Dominikon gen. nov. with the description of a new species Dominikon aspoecki sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 94-114 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 101-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7224181, {"references":["Holzel, H. (1972) Die Neuropteren Vorderasiens IV. Myrmeleonidae. Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, Beiheft 1, 3 - 103.","Sengonca, C. (1979) Beitrag zur Neuropterenfauna der Turkei. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 28, 10 - 15.","Krivokhatsky, V. A. (1998) Zoogeography of antlions of Palaearctic (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Meetings in memory of N. A. Cholodkovsky. St. Petersburg, 1998. 90 pp. [in Russian]","Aspock, H., Holzel, H. & Aspock, U. (2001) Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaarktis. Denisia, 2, 1 - 606.","Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565.","Mirmoayedi, A., Krivokhatsky, V. & Dobosz, R. (2015) Annotated check-list of the antlions of Iran (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Acta entomologica silesiana, 23, 153 - 168.","Satar, A. & Ozbay, C. (2004) Remarks on Neuroptera of Southwest Turkey. Entomologica Fennica, 15, 219 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.33338 / ef. 84224","Abraham, L. & Giacomino, M. (2020) A little known and synonym ant-lions 2 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Natura Somogyiensis, 34, 21 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.24394 / NatSom. 2020.34.21","Krivokhatsky, V. A. (2011) Мuрavьiныi Льvы (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) РOссii [= Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Russia]. TovaрiЩiсtvo Нaucныk IZDaнiй KMK [= KMK Scientific Press], Сaнkt-Pitiрbuрg [St. Petersburg], 334 pp.","Navas, L. (1914) Neuroptera asiatica. III series. Revue Russe d'Entomologie, 14, 6 - 13."]}

Dominikon iranensis (Hölzel, 1972) comb. nov. Nedroledon iranensis Hölzel, 1972:65; Krivokhatsky 1998:85; Aspöck et al. 2001:295; Stange 2004:193; Mirmoayedi et al. 2015:156. The holotype was checked in coll. NHMW, Vienna. The label information is: // 18. VI. 1963 / N– Iran Berge / östl. v. Semnan / Kasy & Vartian //; Red label // Holotypus ♂ / Nedroledon iranensis / H. Hölzel 1970 //. The type is in good condition. (Fig. 10). Additional material examined: SCM: Iran: 2♂ 1♀, 04 Jul 2000, prov. Esfahan, Daran 2300 m, leg. T. Hácz, G. Kőszegi; 1♀, 26 Jun 2005, prov. Hamadan, Nehavand 34°02,756′N 48°22,614′E, 1851 m, leg. L. Ábrahám; 5♀, 26 Jun 2005, prov. Mazandaran, between Pel and Valiabad 36°3,344′N 51°23,965′E, 2325 m, leg. L. Ábrahám; 4♂ 3♀, 29 Jun 2005, prov. Fars, Chesmedye Chenar, 30°20,505′N 51°57,324′E, 2892 m, leg. L. Ábrahám. USMB: Iran: 1♀, 26 Jun 2005, prov. Hamadan, Nehavand 34°02.756′N 48°22.614′E, 1851 m, leg. L. Ábrahám (USMB 5858 /1014); 1♀, 29 Jun 2005, prov. Fars, Chesmedye Chenar 30°20.505′N 51°57.324′E, 2892 m, leg. L. Ábrahám (USMB 5858 /1011); 1♂, 08 Jul 2005, prov. Mazandaran, between Pel and Valiabad 36°13.344′N 51°23.965′E, 2523 m, leg. L. Ábrahám (USMB 5858 /1174) (Fig.11) Turkey: 1♂, 04–05 Jun 2002, prov. Mardin, Hop Geçidi 37°21′N 40°51′E, 1115 m, 8 km N of Mardin, leg. R. Dobosz (USMB 5844 /252). ZIN: Iran: 1♂, 29 Jun 2005, prov. Fars, Chesmedye Chenar 30°20.505′N 51°57.324′E, 2892 m, leg. L. Ábrahám Distribution: Iran and Turkey (new record); West-Asian-Irano-Turanian species (Krivokhatsky 2011) (Fig. 6).

Dominikon aspoecki Dobosz, Ábrahám & Krivokhatsky sp. nov. Nedroledon striatus: Krivokhatsky 1998:33 (Fig. 8) misidentified and drawn as Nedroledon striatus Material examined: Holotype (Fig. 12): 1♂, // Iran prov. Semnan / 36°0′4″N, 56°0′8″E / Qalebâlâ, Sahrud region / at light in hotel / 27.05.2018 1250 m / leg. Lech Kruszelnicki // USMB 5858 /23180/ coll. Upper Silesian Museum / (USMB) Bytom, Poland // [red label] // Holotype / Dominikon aspoecki sp. n. / det. R. Dobosz, L. Ábrahám & V. Krivokhatsky 2022 //. Paratypes: DBRC: 1♀, // IRAN, KHORASAN prov. / Mts. KUH-e ZORGH [33°42‘10.75“N 59°12‘40.22“E] / alt 2000 m, 21–22.V.2013 / E. Rutjan leg. //. HNHM: 1 ♀, // Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh Mts / 800–1500 m, valley of the rivers Ipay-Kala and Polni-Kala / 38°13′15″N 59°54′57″E / 30.06– 04.07.1992 No. L 63 / leg. Gy. Fábián, B. Herczig, A. Podlussány and Z. Varga // (misidentified as Nedroledon striatus det. Krivokhatsky 2000). NHMW: 1♀, // Iran Khoresan NP / Golestan Dasht / 37.18N / 55.56E / 1232 m, 21–22.05.01 / Ch. Wieser leg. //. SCM: 1♂, // Iran, prov. Sistan & Baluchestan / Karevandar 1260 m / N 27°50′06″, E 60°49′29″ / 2016.03.03 / leg. Ilniczky S. & Petrányi G. //; 1♀, // Iran, prov. Sistan & Baluchestan / Karevandar 1260 m / N 27°50′06″, E 60°49′29″ / 2016.03.03 / leg. Ilniczky S. & Petrányi G. //. USMB: 1♀, // Iran Kuusha—Larumba / Bampur; SE Persia / [N.] Zarudn [yi] 6–10V 1901 //(USMB 5858 /21989); 1♀, // Iran prov. Semnan / 36°0′4″N, 56°0′9″E / Qalebâlâ Sahrud region / at light env. of village / 28.05.2018 1250 m / leg. R. Dobosz // (USMB 5858 /25064). ZIN: 1♂ (abdomen lost), // Iran Kuusha—Sargad, Bampur / SE Persia / [N.] Zarudn [yi] 3–5 V 1901 // (misidentified as Nedroledon striatus (Krivokhatsky 1998);: 1♀, // Turkmenistan 30 VI–4 VII 1992 / Kopet–Dagh Mts. 800–1500 m / valley of the rivers Ipay-Kala and Point-Kala / 38°13.15′N 59°54.57′E / leg. Gy. Fábián, B. Herczig, A. Podlussány, Z. Varga // No L 63 // Additional material examined: Iran: 1♀, 25 Apr 2016, Khar Turan National Park ranger’s house 35º57′59,6″N 56º04′03,2″E,close to the village of Givar, at light ca. 8 p. m., Photo by Segerer Benoit(France) taken in nature (Fig.17). Diagnosis: The species is characterized by conspicuous markings on the forewing (Figs. 16a–d). These spots and stripes occur with varying intensity but are much darker and more intense than in D. iranensis (Figs. 11, 18 a–d, 20b) or D. lagopus (Figs. 9, 19a–d, 20c). The membrane between MP1 and CuA1 is marked with a continuous pale brown stripe, as in D. lagopus, but these markings are much more intense. In D. aspoecki, the brown line on Sc+R only extends beyond the pterostigma in the forewing. In D. lagopus, this line may be less marked, but it always occurs in the distal part of the forewing along Rs1+Ma before the pterostigma. The larva is unknown. Description: Measurements: Holotype (♂), forewing: 22 mm, hindwing: 20 mm, abdomen: 26 mm. Paratypes: (2♂), forewing: 23 mm, hindwing: 21 mm, abdomen (1 ♂): 26 mm. (The end of the abdomen is missing in the second specimen.), (4♀) forewing: 22.5–24 mm, hindwing: 21–22 mm, abdomen: 19–20 mm. Habitus (Fig. 12): Distinctly brown and yellow–brown, small to medium–sized antlion with long clavate antenna. Pronotum elongate, yellow with four longitudinal brown bands. Meso- and metathorax with distinct longitudinal brown marks. Wings quite narrow, with subacute apex and with very characteristic brown markings on membrane. Legs long and slender, predominantly brown in colour. Tibial spurs slightly curved at distal ends, as long as tarsal segments 1. Abdomen generally brown with indistinct yellow spots in the lateral view. Head: Vertex curved, yellow with distinct brown spots and line in two rows on top, irregular light brown spots on both sides of epicranial suture and two transverse brown lines laterally in first row, two slightly curved spots in second row. Continuous dull dark brown stripe above antenna. Small triangular spot extending along both margins of epicranial suture on back of head (Fig. 14a, b). Hairs on vertex short, sparse, appressed, black and white. Frons, gena, clypeus and labrum yellow, hairless. Mandible yellow, with brown inner margin and tip. Maxillary and labial palps yellow with very short pale hairs; last segment of labial palp asymmetrical, spindle-shaped, palpimacula round. Eye fairly large. Antenna 5.2 mm long, clavate. Scape yellow, with very short black setae; basal part of pedicel brown, distal part yellow, also with short black setae. Flagellar segments and club predominantly dark brown with narrow yellow distal rings and with short black setae. Thorax: Pronotum 1.5x longer than wide, yellow, with four distinct brown bands, the outermost ones narrower. Brown dorsal bands widen towards the rear. Pronotal hairs predominantly short, white, a few dark brown. (Figs. 14a, 15a). Mesonotum—Prescutum predominantly yellow, with distinct dark brown frontal and lateral edges and two dark brown spots at rear. Mesoscutum yellow, with wide shiny brown lateral bands and with indistinct short, narrow line reaching rear edge. Mesoscutellum yellow with two wide dark brown stripes. Conspicuous sparse white bristles on prescutum, otherwise hairless. Metanotum—metaprescutum brown with irregularly shaped yellow central spot. Metascutum predominantly brown with two oval, pale reddish, lateral spots. Metascutellum yellow with two widening, brown lines. Metanotum bare. Sides predominantly brown with yellow edges at intersegmental membrane, and with sparse, short, white hairs. Legs: Long and slender (Fig. 14c). Fore femur brown dorsally, yellow ventrally with long and short white bristles. Long black femoral sensory hair extending inwards at base of fore femur. Mid femur yellow with brown dots at origin of white bristles, brown dots merge in distal part. Long black sensory hair at base. Hind femur predominantly yellow, with longitudinal brown lateral stripes without sensory hairs. Fore femur slightly shorter than fore tibia. Mid and hind femora as long as mid and hind tibiae. Fore and mid tibiae yellow, dotted brown. Partially brown rings on basi-dorsal sides, brown part next to distal joints on all legs. Mid femur with two rows of stiff black and white dorsal bristles, fore and hind femora with only two rows of stiff black dorsal bristles. Tibial spurs slender, slightly curved at distal ends (Fig. 15d), as long as tarsal segments 1. Tarsal segments yellow basally, dark brown distally. Segment 1 as long as segment 5. Segment 2–4 of equal length, together slightly longer than segment 1 or 5. Claws straight, opposable, somewhat shorter than tibial spurs. Wings: Forewing (Figs. 12, 17, 20a) with subacute apex and obtuse anal area. Membrane transparent, with larger and smaller, dark brown to brown shading and dots. C yellow with appressed, short dark and pale hairs. Sc yellow, interrupted with brown dashes at costal cross-veins anteriorly, predominantly yellow without brown dashes distally. In costal area, cross-veins simple, some with brown pigmentation at both ends. Cross-veins bifurcate over pterostigma. Pterostigma brown basally, white distally with 5–6 bifurcate cross-veins. R yellow basally, then interrupted with brown dashes at costal cross-veins, thereafter also yellow; final section (in apical part of radial sector) interrupted with brown dashes. 6–7 radial cross-veins before origin of Rs1. Number of radial veins 8–9, veins yellow with brown dashes. Membrane along Sc+R with characteristic longitudinal and dark brown shading. Membrane on both sides of basal cross-vein of hypostigmatic cell with slightly brown pigmentation. Membrane beyond pterostigma with brown pigmentation on both sides of cross-veins. In radial area membrane along gradate veins with dark brown stripe. Mp1 yellow. Base of CuA yellow, then dark brown pigmentation between Mp and CuA. In cubital area, longitudinal veins with yellow with brown dashes. Characteristic dark brown stripe bending to row of gradate veins of Rs. Cup long and yellow. Cup+A1 yellow basally and yellow with brown dashes at intersection of cross-veins distally. A2 and A3 simple (in holotype), yellow with brown distal ends. Ambient veins yellow with medium long fine pale hairs. Hindwing membrane completely transparent but a little shading beneath junction of Sc+R and in rhegma area. C wholly yellow, Sc yellow and interrupted with brown dashes at costal cross-veins. Pterostigma inconspicuous, white distally with four bifurcate cross-veins. Markings on R similar to Sc but with more intense brownish coloration. One radial cross-vein before origin of Rs1. Mp1 yellow. Longitudinal veins in radial and cubital area yellow and interrupted with brown dashes at costal cross-veins. Abdomen: longer than wings at rest. Tergites dark brown with narrow yellow distal ring and with dense covering of short hairs. Indistinct longitudinal and yellow pattern on each tergite segment. Sternites dark brown, with pubescence similar to that on tergites. Genitalia: Male (Fig. 13a, b) In lateral view, tergite 9 oval, dark brown, with medium long white hairs. Ectoproct elongate, oval with postventral processus of same length as longitudinal diameter of ectoproct plate and with strong black bristles bending inwards and upwards in lateral view. Sternite 9 brown, with dense covering of white bristles in ventral view. Gonarcus wide, arched, with 7–8 rigid black gonasetae, lateral margin strongly curved in ventral view. Tip of mediuncus and parameres obtuse, strongly chitinized in ventral view. Paratype: Female (Fig. 13c). In lateral view, tergite 9 rhomboid, brown with medium-length white hairs on dorsal side and rather short white ones on lateral side. Sternite 7 brown with rather long white hairs on caudal edge. Ectoproct triangular with small postventral processus and stiff black bristles. Lateral gonapophysis not prominent with stout black setae. Posterior gonapophysis strongly extended with long black hairs. In ventral view, anterior gonapophysis small, densely covered with black hairs. Distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan.Irano-Turanian species, eastern relative of D.lagopus and D. iranensis (Fig. 6). Etymology: This new species is named in honour of Ulrike and Horst Aspöck, who made significant contributions to Neuropterology in the last sixty years., Published as part of Krivokhatsky, Victor, Dobosz, Roland & Ábrahám, Levente, 2022, The new antlion genus Dominikon gen. nov. with the description of a new species Dominikon aspoecki sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 94-114 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 104-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7224181, {"references":["Krivokhatsky, V. A. (1998) Zoogeography of antlions of Palaearctic (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Meetings in memory of N. A. Cholodkovsky. St. Petersburg, 1998. 90 pp. [in Russian]"]}

Key to genera 1. Male ectoproct without postventral processus (Figs. 2b, 4a); tibial spurs on hind leg as long as or slightly shorter than tarsal segments 1–2 combined (Figs. 2c, 4b)............................................................ Nedroledon 2. Male ectoproct with long postventral processus (Figs. 9a–b, 11a–b, 13a); tibial spurs on hind leg about as long as tarsal segment 1 (Figs. 15d–f)....................................................................... Dominikon gen. nov., Published as part of Krivokhatsky, Victor, Dobosz, Roland & Ábrahám, Levente, 2022, The new antlion genus Dominikon gen. nov. with the description of a new species Dominikon aspoecki sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 94-114 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7224181