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Jabuticaba peel, rich in antioxidants, offering health benefits. In this study, the extraction of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba peel using ultrasound-assisted (UA) and their subsequent concentration by nanofiltration (NF) employing a polyamide 200 Da membrane was evaluated. The UA extractions were conducted using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 22 methodology, with independent variables extraction time (11.55 to 138 min) and temperature (16.87 to 53.3 °C), and fixed variables mass to ethanol solution concentration at pH 1.0 (1:25 g/mL), granulometry (1 mm), and ultrasonic power (52.8 W). The maximum concentrations obtained were 700.94 mg CE/100 g for anthocyanins, 945.21 mg QE/100 g for flavonoids, 133.19 mg GAE/g for phenols, and an antioxidant activity IC50 of 24.36 μg/mL. Key phenolic compounds identified included cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and various acids like syringic and gallic. NF successfully concentrated these compounds, enhancing their yield by up to 45%. UA and NF integrate for sustainable extraction., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study determined chemical profiles, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oils (EOs) obtained by A. visnaga aerial parts and F. vulgare fruits. Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester (38.8%), linalyl propionate (34.7%) and limonene (8.5%) resulted as main constituents of A. visnaga EO. In F. vulgare EO trans-anethole (76.9%) and fenchone (14.1%) resulted as main components. The two EOs were active against five bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) at different degrees. The MIC values ranged from 5 ± 2 to 10 ± 2 μL/mL except for S. aureus (MIC >20 μL/mL). EOs exhibited inhibitory effect on the formation of biofilm up to 53.56 and 48.04% against E. coli and A. baumannii, respectively and activity against bacterial metabolism against A. baumannii and E. coli, with biofilm-inhibition ranging from 61.73 to 73.55%. The binding affinity of the identified components was estimated by docking them into the binding site of S. aureus gyrase (PDB code 2XCT) and S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (PDB code 1JIJ). trans-Anethole and butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester showed relatively moderate binding interactions with the amino acid residues of S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In addition, almost all predicted compounds possess good pharmacokinetic properties with no toxicity, being inactive for cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity and immunotoxicity parameters. The results encourage the use of these EOs as natural antibacterial agents in food and pharmaceutical industries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Fruits produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites of great economic value. Analytical measurement of the metabolites is tedious, time-consuming, and expensive. Additionally, metabolite concentrations vary greatly from tree to tree, making it difficult to choose trees for fruit collection. The current study tested whether deep learning-based models can be developed using fruit and leaf images alone to predict a metabolite's concentration class (high or low). We collected fruits and leaves (n = 1045) from neem trees grown in the wild across 0.6 million sq km, imaged them, and measured concentration of five metabolites (azadirachtin, deacetyl-salannin, salannin, nimbin and nimbolide) using high-performance liquid chromatography. We used the data to train deep learning models for metabolite class prediction. The best model out of the seven tested (YOLOv5, GoogLeNet, InceptionNet, EfficientNet_B0, Resnext_50, Resnet18, and SqueezeNet) provided a validation F1 score of 0.93 and a test F1 score of 0.88. The sensitivity and specificity of the fruit model alone in the test set were 83.52 ± 6.19 and 82.35 ± 5.96, and 79.40 ± 8.50 and 85.64 ± 6.21, for the low and the high classes, respectively. The sensitivity was further boosted to 92.67± 5.25 for the low class and 88.11 ± 9.17 for the high class, and the specificity to 100% for both classes, using a multi-analyte framework. We incorporated the multi-analyte model in an Android mobile App Fruit-In-Sight that uses fruit and leaf images to decide whether to 'pick' or 'not pick' the fruits from a specific tree based on the metabolite concentration class. Our study provides evidence that images of fruits and leaves alone can predict the concentration class of a secondary metabolite without using expensive laboratory equipment and cumbersome analytical procedures, thus simplifying the process of choosing the right tree for fruit collection., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Krishnan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

This work incorporated bioactives extracted from jabuticaba peel in the form of concentrated extract (JBE) and microencapsulated powders with maltodextrin (MDP) and gum arabic (GAP) in a dairy drink, evaluating its stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and glycemic response. We evaluated the pH, acidity, colorimetry, total phenolics and anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, degradation kinetics and half-life of anthocyanins, bioaccessibility, and postprandial glycemic physicochemical characteristics response in healthy individuals. The drinks incorporated with polyphenols (JBE, GAP, and MDP) and the control dairy drink (CDD) maintained stable pH and acidity over 28 days. In color, the parameter a*, the most relevant to the study, was reduced for all formulations due to degradation of anthocyanins. Phenolic and antioxidant content remained constant. In bioaccessibility, we found that after the gastrointestinal simulation, there was a decrease in phenolics and anthocyanins in all formulations. In the glycemic response, we observed that the smallest incremental areas of glucose were obtained for GAP and JBE compared to CDD, demonstrating that polyphenols reduced glucose absorption. Then, the bioactives from jabuticaba peel, incorporated into a dairy drink, showed good storage stability and improved the product's functional aspects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama ( D . citri ) is one of the major pests in the citrus industry, which spreads Citrus Huanglongbing disease. It has developed resistance to chemical insecticides. Therefore, searching for greener solutions for pest management is critically important. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of essential oils (EOs) from four species of Myrtaceae plants: Psidium guajava (PG), Eucalyptus robusta (ER), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Baeckea frutescens (BF) against D. citri and to analyze their chemical compositions. GC-MS analysis was performed, and the results indicated that the EOs of PG, ER, ET, and BF were rich in terpenoids, ketones, esters, and alcohol compounds. The repellent rate of all four EOs showed that it decreased with exposure time but increased with the concentration of EOs from 80.50% to 100.00% after treating D. citri for 6 h with four EOs at 100% concentration and decreased to 67.71% to 85.49% after 24 h of exposure. Among the compounds from the EOs tested, eucalyptol had the strongest repellent activity, with a 24 h repellency rate of 100%. The contact toxicity bioassay results showed that all EOs have insecticidal toxicity to D. citri ; the LC50 for nymphs was 36.47-93.15 mL/L, and for adults, it was 60.72-111.00 mL/L. These results show that when PG is used as the reference material, the ER, ET, and BF EOs have strong biological activity against D. citri , which provides a scientific basis for the further development of plant-derived agrochemicals., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Myrtaceae family includes many species with taxonomic challenges, making it one of the most complex families to identify. This study used DNA barcoding to find molecular markers for species authentication based on the Myrtaceae family's chemical composition and genetic diversity. Essential oils and genetic material were extracted from the leaves of six different species: Eugenia uniflora, E. patrisii, Myrcia splendens, Psidium guajava, P. guineense, and Psidium sp. The samples were analyzed based on compound classes and grouped into two categories. Group I included samples with high amounts of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (3.69-76.05 %) and fatty acid derivatives (0.04-43.59 %), such as E. uniflora, Myrcia splendens, and E. patrisii. Group II included samples P. guajava, P. guineense, and Psidium sp., which had a significant content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (0.69-72.35 %), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (8.06-68.1 %), phenylpropanoids (0.45-22.59 %), and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.27-21.84 %). The PsbA-trnH gene sequences had a high genetic variability, allowing the species to be distinguished. A phylogenetic analysis showed two main clusters with high Bootstrap values corresponding to the subtribes Eugeniineae, Myrciinae, and Pimentinae. The results suggest a weak correlation between genetic and chemical data in these Myrtaceae species., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Physical activities that are unaccustomed and involve eccentric muscle contractions have been demonstrated to temporarily impair macrovascular and microvascular functions, which may be caused by exercise-induced oxidative stress. Jaboticaba ( Myrciaria jaboticaba ) is a famous Brazilian berry that has been described to exhibit high antioxidant activity. However, no human study has investigated the protective effects of jaboticaba consumption against the vascular damage induced by eccentric exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess whether supplementation with jaboticaba berry juice could positively affect macro- and microvascular functions within 48 hours after eccentric exercise. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial enrolled 24 healthy participants consuming 250 mL per day of jaboticaba berry juice (containing ∼1,300 mg of total polyphenols) or placebo for 6 days. At the baseline, pre-exercise, and 24 h and 48 h postexercise stages, blood samples were taken for analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Also, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), blood flow, and tissue oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) responses to 5-minute cuff occlusion were assessed using Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Our findings revealed significant decreases in blood GSH ( P < 0.001, ES = 0.76), FMD ( P = 0.005, ES = 0.48), reperfusion slope of StO 2 ( P = 0.018, ES = 0.42) at 24 h and blood flow ( P = 0.012, ES = 0.42) at 48 h following eccentric exercise in the control group as compared to the jaboticaba berry juice group. Our results demonstrated that jaboticaba berry juice prevented the exercise-induced increase in reactive oxygen species production and protected macro- and microvascular functions against the damage caused by eccentric exercise, suggesting that jaboticaba berry consumption could protect the vascular function under conditions of imbalance in redox homeostasis.

Four previously undescribed phloroglucinols, including three pairs of enantiomers, (±)-rhodotomentodimer F, (±)-rhodotomentodimer G, and (±)-rhodotomentomonomer E, and one phloroglucinol-sesquiterpene meroterpenoid, rhodotomentodione E, together with one previously reported congener, (±)-rhodomyrtosone A, were obtained from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. The structures including absolute configurations of previously undescribed isolates were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (HRESIMS and NMR), ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. (±)-Rhodotomentodimer F is a rare phloroglucinol derivative conjugated by a β-triketone moiety and an unprecedented resorcinol unit via the formation of a rare bis-furan ring system, whereas (±)-rhodotomentomonomer E shares a rearranged pentacyclic scaffold. Pharmacologically, (±)-rhodotomentomonomer E showed the strongest human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitory effect with an IC 50 value of 1.04 ± 0.05 μM. Molecular formula studies revealed that hydrogen bonds formed between hAChE residues Glu202, Ser203, Ala204, Gly121, Gly122, Tyr337, and His447 and (±)-rhodotomentomonomer E played crucial roles in its observed activity. These findings indicated that the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa can supply a rich source of hAChE inhibitors. These inhibitors might potentially be utilized in the therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease, offering promising candidates for further research and development., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils from species of the Myrcia genus and their applications. The compiled results highlight the chemical diversity and biological activities of these oils, emphasizing their potential importance for various therapeutic and industrial applications. The findings reveal that Myrcia essential oils present a variety of bioactive compounds, such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which demonstrate antimicrobial activities against a range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeasts. Furthermore, this study highlights the phytotoxic activity of these oils, indicating their potential for weed control. The results also point to the insecticidal potential of Myrcia essential oils against a range of pests, showing their viability as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Additionally, species of the genus Myrcia have demonstrated promising hypoglycemic effects, suggesting their potential in diabetes treatment. This comprehensive synthesis represents a significant advancement in understanding Myrcia essential oils, highlighting their chemical diversity and wide range of biological activities. However, the need for further research is emphasized to fully explore the therapeutic and industrial potential of these oils, including the identification of new compounds, understanding of their mechanisms of action, and evaluation of safety and efficacy in different contexts.

Brazil has a broad geographic biodiversity spread across its six different biomes. However, it has been suffering from the abusive exploitation of its resources, which poses a threat to the local fauna and flora. The Amazon and Atlantic Forest, for example, are birthplaces to rare and edible native species, such as bacaba ( Oenocarpus bacaba , Arecaceae) and camu-camu ( Myrciaria dubia , Myrtaceae), and cereja-do-Rio Grande ( Eugenia involucrata , Myrtaceae) and grumixama ( Eugenia brasiliensis , Myrtaceae), respectively. These plants produce fruits which are sources of macro and micronutrients, including sugars, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and/or lipids. Nutritionally, their consumption have the ability to reach partially or totally the daily recommendations for adults of some nutrients. More recently, these fruits have also been exposed as interesting sources of minor bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, terpenes, and/or polyphenols, the latter which include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and tannins. Particularly, bacaba stands out for being a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (around 22%, dry weight) and dietary fibers (6.5-21%, dry weight); camu-camu has very high contents of vitamin C (up to 5000 mg per 100 g of pulp, dry basis); and cereja-do-Rio-Grande and grumixama are abundant sources of anthocyanins. Although they are still underexplored, several in vitro and in vivo studies with different parts of the fruits, including the peel, seed, and pulp, indicate their health potential through anti-oxidative, anti-obesity, antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, antimicrobial, and/or anticancer effects. All things considered, the focus of this research was to highlight the bioactive potential and health impact of native fruits from the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes.

The present study investigates for the first time chemical, proximate analyses and immunostimulant effect of Cyrtocarpa edulis fruit (CeF). Three design experiments were carried out to evaluate immunostimulant effect of C. edulis fruit: in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies in juveniles Almaco jack Seriola rivoliana. In general, nutraceutical studies performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in CeF revealed a major quantity of the carbohydrate groups and phytosterols such as β-sitosterol. Their phytochemical and antioxidant values exposed a significant content of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, showing an antioxidant capacity against hydroxyl and superoxide radical. The in vitro results confirm that CeF is edible and enhanced the innate immune response in head-kidney leukocytes after 24 h of immunostimulation. The in vivo results showed that myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide production, as well as antioxidant enzymes were enhanced in skin mucus of those fish fed with CeF. Interestingly in the intestine, IL-β, TNF-α, MARCO and Piscidin gene expression were up-regulated in fish fed with C. edulis after 4 weeks. Finally, ex vivo experiments showed an important enhancement on cellular parameters (phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide production) in head-kidney leukocytes of fish fed CeF and intraperitoneally infected with A. hydrophila. The results demonstrate that C. edulis fruit (0.5%) represents an available phytochemical and antioxidant rich alternative with great potential as fish immunostimulant additive., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

This work aimed to explore the potential use of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ethanol leaf extract (RTEL) as an alternative food preservative agent for controlling the growth of Staphylococcus aureus . Antibacterial activities against food-isolated S. aureus were performed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays, followed by evaluating in vivo subacute oral toxicity of the extract. Salad dressing was used as a food model to study bactericidal properties and consumer acceptability. RTEL remarkably inhibited S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 7.81-62.5 µg/mL. Repeated oral doses (5, 50, and 300 mg/kg RTEL) for 28 days did not affect any of the measured toxicity parameters. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of RTEL was noted as more than 300 mg/kg body weight/day. The utilization of RTEL (12.5 mg/mL) in the vinaigrette salad dressing did not affect the consumer acceptability of the product, remarkably killed the pathogen within 3-9 h of exposure. The results indicated that RTEL is safe and effective as a natural anti-staphylococcal controlling agent that could be utilized in food systems. Further work is required on the effects of enterotoxin production, an important virulence factor of S. aureus responsible for food-borne disease., Competing Interests: DECLARATION OF CONFLICTING INTERESTSThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This work described a comprehensive study to estimate chemical constituents of essential oils (EOs) extracted from different parts of the Callistemon citrinus viz: fruits, leaves and aerial part. The EOs were characterized using physicochemical parameters, and GC-FID/MS. It was observed that among different parts, aerial part has the highest oil yield (0.90 %) followed by leaves and fruits. Further, seventeen compounds were characterized, and represented total amount (97.2-99.5 %) with domination of monoterpenes (12.5-34.6 %) and oxygenated monoterpenes hydrocarbon (61.8-86.8 %). α-pinene (11.8-24.7 %), α-phellandrene (1.2-3.0 %), p-cymene (3.3-3.9 %) and 1,8-cineole (58.3-85.1 %) were found as major compounds in C. citrinus samples. These major compounds are the quality chemical markers of C. citrinus oil. The findings revealed significant quantitative variations in EO composition of samples and were also clearly supported by multivariate statistical analysis. Moreover, EOs were evaluated for glucosidase and colon cancer cell lines inhibitory activities, which were found promising., (© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Phenolic compounds, present in plants, provide substantial health advantages, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which enhance cardiovascular and cognitive well-being. Australia is enriched with a wide range of plants with phytopharmacological potential, which needs to be fully elucidated. In this context, we analyzed leaves of aniseed myrtle ( Syzygium anisatum ), lemon myrtle ( Backhousia citriodora ), and cinnamon myrtle ( Backhousia myrtifolia ) for their complex phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential. LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS was applied for screening and characterizing these Australian myrtles' phenolic compounds and the structure-function relation of phenolic compounds. This study identified 145 and quantified/semi-quantified 27 phenolic compounds in these Australian myrtles. Furthermore, phenolic contents (total phenolic content (TPC), total condensed tannins (TCT), and total flavonoids (TFC)) and antioxidant potential of phenolic extracts from the leaves of Australian myrtles were quantified. Aniseed myrtle was quantified with the highest TPC (52.49 ± 3.55 mg GAE/g) and total antioxidant potential than other selected myrtles. Catechin, epicatechin, isovitexin, cinnamic acid, and quercetin were quantified as Australian myrtles' most abundant phenolic compounds. Moreover, chemometric analysis further validated the results. This study provides a new insight into the novel potent bioactive phenolic compounds from Australian myrtles that could be potentially useful for functional, nutraceutical, and therapeutic applications.

The modulation of glucose metabolism through dietary sources has been recognized as 1 of the most sustainable approaches for preventing of cardiometabolic diseases. Although fibers and phenolic compounds derived from jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba) peel have demonstrated improvements in metabolic pathways in preclinical models, their beneficial effects in clinical trials remain to be fully determined. This study aimed to assess the impact of jaboticaba peel (JP) powder supplementation on glucose metabolism compared with a placebo in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A single-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 49 individuals with MetS was conducted. Participants were assigned to receive either a JP supplement (15 g/day) or a matched placebo. Anthropometry measurements, body composition, blood pressure, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, and a mixed-meal tolerance test were assessed at weeks 0 and 5. Daily intake of JP improved the area under the curve of glucose (P = .025) and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = .045). No significant time × treatment effects were observed for blood pressure, body weight, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucagon-like peptide-1, inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β), C-reactive protein, and insulin sensitivity and resistance indexes. JP supplementation may be a promising approach for managing MetS disorders, potentially by reducing the area under the curve for glucose and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. This research is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8wwq9t)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no financial or personal conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cervical cancer is a specific type of cancer that affects women around the world, with an incidence of 604 thousand new cases per year and 341 thousand deaths. There is a high demand for new effective antineoplastic drugs with few side effects. In this sense, recent research highlights the potential of compounds of natural origin in treating and preventing different types of cancer. Myrciaria glazioviana is a Brazilian native species belonging to the Myrtaceae family, which has previously described biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of the dichloromethane extract (MGD) and ethyl acetate extract (MGA) of M. glazioviana leaves against human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), as well as to identify their bioactive compounds. Using HPLC-HRESIMS technique, ten compounds were characterized in both samples: quinic acid, ellagic acid, Tri-O-methyl ellagic acid, two derivatives of Tetra-O-methyl flavellagic acid, quercetrin, Di-O-methyl ellagic acid, and three derivatives of pentamethyl coruleoellagic acid. Through MTT assays using HeLa cells and NIH/3T3 cells, it was observed that MGD and MGA were selective against tumor cells, with IC 50 values of 24.31 and 12.62 μg/mL, respectively. The samples induced the tumor cell death by apoptosis, as evidenced by the activation of caspases 3/7, cell shrinkage, and pyknotic nuclei. Both samples were also able to inhibit the migration of HeLa cells after 24 hours of treatment, indicating a potential antimetastatic effect. Therefore, the present research highlights the antiproliferative and antimigratory potential of this species against HeLa cells., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Introduction: In Brazil, the plant group popularly known as "pedra-ume-caá" is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, and its raw material is commonly sold., Objective: The aim of the study was to apply a method for chemical identification of extracts of dry pedra-ume-caá leaves using HPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and NMR and develop a multivariate model with NMR data to authenticate commercial samples. In addition, to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts., Materials and Methods: Dry extracts of Myrcia multiflora, Myrcia amazonica, Myrcia guianensis, Myrcia sylvatica, Eugenia punicifolia leaves, and 15 commercial samples (sold in Manaus and Belém, Brazil) were prepared by infusion. All the extracts were analysed using HPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), NMR, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The antidiabetic effect of extracts was evaluated according to enzymatic inhibition. Their content of total phenols, cell viability, and antioxidant and antiglycation activities were also determined., Results: HPLC-HRMS and NMR analysis of these extracts permitted the identification of 17 compounds. 1 H NMR data combined with multivariate analyses allowed us to conclude that catechin, myricitrin, quercitrin, and gallic and quinic acids are the main chemical markers of pedra-ume-caá species. These markers were identified in 15 commercial samples of pedra-ume-caá. Additionally, only the extracts of M. multiflora and E. punicifolia inhibited α-glucosidase. All the extracts inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and showed free-radical-scavenging activity. These extracts did not present cytotoxicity., Conclusion: This study revealed the chemical markers of matrices, and it was possible to differentiate the materials marketed as pedra-ume-caá. Moreover, this study corroborates the potential of these species for treating diabetes., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Essential oils (EOs) produced by aromatic plants belonging to different families, such as Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Piperaceae, are generally suggested as potential sources of new molecules with insecticidal activity. The EOs are constituted bioactive molecules that may have to control Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), a serious economic invasive pest of small fruits worldwide. Currently, the control strategy against D. suzukii depends especially on treatment with synthetic insecticides. Due to impacts to human health and the environment, efforts have been made to seek efficient insecticides in chemical pest control. Thus, sixty-five oils extracted from plants were selected to find new alternative types of insecticides active against D. suzukii. The monoterpenes, such as limonene, α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, menthol, geranial, and neral, were the most representative, which stand out for their insecticidal efficiency. The OEs demonstrated to be used in the management of D. suzukii, thus being an effective strategy to control this pest, ensuring crop protection and agricultural sustainability. Therefore, the substitution by natural products or eco-friendly pesticides instead of synthetic pesticides represents a notable option to mitigate harmful effects on human health and the environment., (© 2024. Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil.)

In this study, pectins from commercial citrus and isolated from gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa) fruits, were obtained with different degrees of methyl-esterification (DM) and applied in the films. The DM ranged from 0 % to 62.5 % and the gradual de-esterification process was confirmed by mono-dimensional analysis ( 1 H NMR). In order to investigate the influence of DM values in pectin film properties, PCP (DM: 62.5 %); PCP-5 (DM: 37.4 %); PCP-15 (DM: 19.1 %), and a fully de-esterified sample PCP-35 (DM: 0 %) were selected. The functional properties of the films clearly showed that the DM and cross-linking process are necessary to obtain a material with water resistance. Furthermore, pectin isolated from the fruits of gabiroba was purified (GW-Na, DM: 51.9 %) and partially de-esterified (GW-Na-5, DM: 37.1 %). These pectins were used, for the first time, in development of films and the physical and mechanical properties were compared with films made with PCP and PCP-5 samples. GW-Na and GW-Na-5 films presented suitable properties, with reduced solubility reduced (57.1 and 26.2 %), high degree of swelling (2.14 and 2.26), low flexibility (18.05 and 6.11 MPa), respectively. High strength and rigidity (99.36 and 1040.9 MPa), for both films (GW-Na and GW-Na-5) were demonstrated, similar to that obtained by analyzed citrus pectin., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Myrtaceae is one of the most important plants families, being regarded as the eighth largest flowering plant family. It includes many genera of utmost ecological and economical importance distributed all over the world. This review aimed to report the latest studies on this family focusing on certain widely used plants including Eucalyptus sp., Eugenia sp. ( Eugenia uniflora, Eugenia sulcata) , Syzygium sp. ( Syzygium aromaticum and Syzygium cumini) , Psidium sp., Pimenta dioica , Myrtus sp. ( Myrtus communis ), Myrciaria sp. and Melaleuca alternifolia. The extraction of bioactive compounds has been evolving through the optimization of conventional methods and the use of emerging technologies. Supercritical CO 2 was applied for essential oils and ultrasound for polyphenols leading to extracts and essential oils rich in bioactive compounds. Advances in the field of encapsulation and delivery systems showed promising results in the production of stable essential oils nanoemulsions and liposomes and the production of plant extracts in the form of nanoparticles. Moreover, a significant increase in the number of patents was noticed especially the application of Myrtaceae extracts in the pharrmacuetucal field. The applications of ceratin plants ( Pimenta dioica , Melaleuca alternifolia , Syzygium aromaticum essential oils or Myrciaria cauliflora peel extract) in food area (either as a free or encapsulated form) also showed interesting results in limiting microbial spoilage of fresh meat and fish, slowing oxidative degradation in meat products, and inhibiting aflatoxin production in maize. Despite the massive literature on Myrtaceae plants, advances are still necessary to optimize the extraction with environmentally friendly technologies and carry out risk assessment studies should be accomplished to harness the full potential in food, industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) is a tropical fruit known for its content of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate physicochemically, morphologically, andsensorialpowders from camu-camu obtained by spray-drying at two inlet temperatures (150 °C and 180 °C) with three encapsulating agents (maltodextrin, whey protein and a 50:50 mixture of both) and by freeze-drying of whole fruit. The use of maltodextrin protected bet anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G)), but whey protein showed a better protective effect on ascorbic and malic acids. These facts were confirmed during the storage stability test, finding that relative humidity is a critical variable in preserving the bioactive compounds of camu-camu powders. The powders with the highest content of bioactive compounds were added to a yogurt and a white grape juice, and then sensory evaluated. The bioaccessibility studies in gastric and intestinal phases showed better recovery percentages of bioactive compounds in camu-camu powders (up to 60.8 %) and beverages (up to 90 %) for C3G, D3G, ascorbic acid, and malic acid than in the fruit juice. Dehydration of camu-camu (M. dubia) is a strategy to increase the bioactive compounds stability, modulate the fruit sensory properties, and improve their bioavailability after incorporation in food matrices., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Guavira (Campomanesia adamantium, Myrtaceae) is a native fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado savanna and is socio-economically important for the indigenous and traditional people living in the Central-West. This is a bibliographic review of the biological properties of guavira and its derivatives, and, after discussing experimental studies, an interdisciplinary approach is conducted highlighting the im-portance of Agroforestry Systems as an ecological restoration tool to leverage the production chain of guavira while providing ecosystem services. Many research groups studied effects of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds and biological properties of this fruit and other plant parts such as antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diarrheic and antitumoral activities, cardiovascular and hepatic protection and action against neuropathic pain. Besides, guavira by-products benefit poultry intestinal health, similarly to antibiotics added to their feed. Furthermore, several biotechnological products were found, like pulp flour, seasoning from the peel, sunscreen, and seed oil similar to olive oil with pharmaceutical and industrial potential. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of guavira for restoration and preservation of the threatened Brazilian Cerrado, and for the socio-environmental development of family agriculture. The same approach and study are welcome and necessary in other regions and domains worldwide having their native flora as means for a restorative end.

Callistemon is an aromatic genus of flowering plants belonging to family Myrtaceae. The essential oils of C. subulatus leaves were collected in four seasons and analyzed using GC/MS. The oils demonstrated monoterpenes as the predominant class. Eucalyptol was the main component in all seasons; summer (66.87%), autumn (58.33%), winter (46.74%) and spring (44.63%), followed by α -pinene; spring (31.41%), winter (28.69%), summer (26.34%) and autumn (24.68%). Winter oil, the highest yield (0.53 mL/100g), was further investigated for its inhibitory activity against enzymes associated with ageing; elastase and acetylcholinesterase. It remarkably inhibited elastase and acetylcholinesterase with IC 50 values of 1.05 and 0.20 µg/ml, respectively. A molecular docking study was conducted for the major oil components on the active sites of target enzymes. Eucalyptol revealed the best binding affinity for both enzymes. C. subualtus oil could be used as supplement for management of ageing disorders like skin wrinkles and dementia.

Campomanesia adamantium O. Berg. is a fruit tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado biome whose fruits are consumed raw by the population. The present study determined the chemical composition of the C. adamantium fruit pulp (FPCA) and investigated its in vitro antioxidant potential and its biological effects in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The chemical profile obtained by LC-DAD-MS identified 27 compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and organic carboxylic acids, in addition to antioxidant lipophilic pigments and ascorbic acid. The in vitro antioxidant activity was analysed by the radical scavenging method. In vivo, FPCA showed no acute reproductive or locomotor toxicity. It promoted protection against thermal and oxidative stress and increased the lifespan of C. elegans. It also upregulated the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase and activated the transcription factor DAF-16. These results provide unprecedented in vitro and in vivo evidence for the potential functional use of FPCA in the prevention of oxidative stress and promotion of longevity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 de Araújo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Premise: Leaf subepidermal secretory cavities are a notable trait in Myrtaceae, but their formation is still controversial because of the lack of consensus on their ontogeny among authors. Knowledge about the compounds present in these cavities has grown over the last few years, demonstrating that terpenoid-rich oils are not their unique content. These two points are the focus of this study on the ontogeny, structure, and contents of secretory cavities in neotropical Myrtaceae., Methods: We used histochemical tests and Raman analysis to verify the basic chemical composition of the cavity contents of nine species. We studied the ontogeny of glands in one species, comparing aldehyde-fixed tissues and fresh sections mounted in an inert medium., Results: We observed schizogenous development and appearance of the secretory cavities and found that sample processing may induce cell breakdown, which can be misinterpreted as lysigeny. The content of these cavities contains putative terpenes, resins, carbonyl groups, and flavonoids., Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that the lysigenous appearance of the oil glands is a technical artifact. These tissue distortions must be considered when interpreting the development of this type of secretory structure. Moreover, the basic analyses of chemical constituents show for the first time that the glands of neotropical Myrtaceae are potential reservoirs of some compounds such as flavonoids previously reported as novelties for a few other myrtaceous species. Because some of them are non-lipid compounds, the idea that the glands are just oil repositories is no longer applicable., (© 2023 Botanical Society of America.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Campomanesia lineatifolia Ruiz & Pavón (Myrtaceae), an edible species found in Brazilian Forest, possesses leaves that are traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Brazil. Extracts of C. lineatifolia are rich in phenolics and exhibit antioxidant, and gastric antiulcer properties. Furthermore, Campomanesia spp. have been described to possess anti-inflammatory properties, but studies related to chemical constituents of C. lineatifolia are scarce in the literature., Aim of the Study: This work aims to identify the chemical composition of the phenolic-rich ethanol extract (PEE) from C. lineatifolia leaves and evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity that could be related to its ethnopharmacological use., Materials and Methods: The high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), using an isocratic and a step gradient elution method, and NMR, HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS were used to isolate and identify the chemicals of PEE, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities from PEE and the two majority flavonoids isolated by measure TNF-α and NF-κB inhibition assays., Results: Fourteen compounds were isolated from the PEE, further identified by NMR and HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, twelve of them are new compounds, and two others are already known for the species. The PEE, quercitrin and myricitrin promoted a concentration-dependent inhibition of TNF-α, and PEE promoted an inhibition of NF-κB pathway., Conclusions: PEE from C. lineatifolia leaves demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity that may be related to the traditional use to treat gastrointestinal disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Six new phloroglucinol derivatives, xanchryones I-N (1-6), were isolated from the leaves of Xanthostemon chrysanthus. Compounds 1-6 are unusual phloroglucinol-amino acid hybrids constructed through C 2 -N and O-C 1 ' bonds forming a peculiar oxazole ring. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1-6 were determined by MS, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of these compounds were evaluated., (© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Phytoconstituents of the peels of Callistemon viminalis has been investigated for the first time. As a result, two pair of diastereomers of hybrids of β-triketone and α-phellandrene, named viminalisones A-B (1-2) and viminalisones CD (3-4), and three known analogues were obtained. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated through a combination of the analysis of their MS data, NMR spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against Botrytis cinerea and Cutibacterium acnes. Meroterpenoid 7 exhibited antibacterial activity against Botrytis cinerea with a MIC value of 0.256 mg/mL., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydro-distillation from different parts of twigs (EOT), leaves (EOL), and fruits (EOF) of Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. f. were screened for their chemical composition, insecticidal, repellence, and antibacterial properties. Based on GC and GC/MS analysis, 23 constituents were identified across the twigs, leaves, and fruits, with 23, 23, and 21 components, respectively. The primary significant class was oxygenated monoterpenes (82.2-95.5%). The main components were 1,8-cineole (65.6-86.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (2.5-7.6%), o-cymene (3.3-7.5%), and α-terpineol (3.3-3.5%). All three EOs exhibited moderate antibacterial activities. EOL was found to have higher antibacterial activity against all tested strains except Dickeya solani (CFBP 8199), for which EOT showed more potency. Globally, Dickeya solani (CFBP 8199) was the most sensitive (MIC ≤ 2 mg/mL), while the most resistant bacteria were Dickeya dadantii (CFBP 3855) and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (CFBP 5387). Fumigant, contact toxicity, and repellent bioassays showed different potential depending on plant extracts, particularly EOT and EOL as moderate repellents and EOT as a medium toxicant.

Jabuticaba ( Plinia cauliflora ) and jambolan ( Syzygium cumini ) fruits are rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties, mostly concentrated in the peel, pulp, and seeds. Among the techniques for identifying these constituents, paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) stands out as a method of ambient ionization of samples for the direct analysis of raw materials. This study aimed to determine the chemical profiles of the peel, pulp, and seeds of jabuticaba and jambolan fruits, as well as to assess the efficiency of using different solvents (water and methanol) in obtaining metabolite fingerprints of different parts of the fruits. Overall, 63 compounds were tentatively identified in the aqueous and methanolic extracts of jabuticaba and jambolan, 28 being in the positive ionization mode and 35 in the negative ionization mode. Flavonoids (40%), followed by benzoic acid derivatives (13%), fatty acids (13%), carotenoids (6%), phenylpropanoids (6%), and tannins (5%) were the groups of substances found in greater numbers, producing different fingerprints according to the parts of the fruit and the different extracting solvents used. Therefore, compounds present in jabuticaba and jambolan reinforce the nutritional and bioactive potential attributed to these fruits, due to the potentially positive effects performed by these metabolites in human health and nutrition.

Four undescribed phloroglucinol meroterpenoids, rhodotomentodiones A-D, and one undescribed phloroglucinol dimer, rhodotomentodimer A, were obtained and structurally established from tropic Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated based on the comprehensive analyses of the NMR and MS spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In particular, rhodotomentodiones A and B represent the first examples of phloroglucinol meroterpenoids featuring a unique γ-pyranoid moiety. More importantly, rhodotomentodimer A exhibited the most potential human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC 50 values of 7.5 μM and 5.6 μM, respectively. The possible interaction sites of the above potential hAChE and α-glucosidase inhibitor were achieved by molecular docking studies. These findings greatly enrich the diversity of natural products from Myrtaceae species, and provide potential candidates for the further development of anti-Alzheimer and antidiabetic diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) by-products (JB) are rich sources of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, which can be fermented by intestinal microbiota to promote health benefits. This study evaluated the effects of a 48 h-in vitro colonic fermentation of pre-digested JB on the contents of phenolic compounds and sugars, production of organic acids, and abundance (%) of bacterial groups found as part of the human intestinal microbiota. JB reduced the pH (4.35) and promoted changes on phenolic compounds (profile and contents) and sugars, as well as production of short-chain fatty acids during the fermentation. JB increased the abundance of Lactobacillus spp./Enterococcus spp. (4.32-6.25%) and Bifidobacterium spp. (4.60-10.03%) during the fermentation, and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides spp./Prevotella spp. (7.50-10.71%), Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides (1.37-3.70%), and C. histolyticum (0.91-2.30%), resulting in positive prebiotic indexes (8.61-11.92). JB should contribute to beneficial changes in the human intestinal microbiota, with effects compatible with prebiotic ingredients., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Phenolic compounds in camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) have received interest due to their health-promoting effects. However, these compounds have been poorly investigated in the different parts of the camu-camu fruit (pulp, peel, and seeds). This study aimed to optimize the solvent composition for extraction of phenolic compounds from pulp, peels, and seeds of camu-camu through a simplex-centroid mixture design. Then, the profile of phenolic compounds in samples of camu-camu pulp, peels, and seeds from different regions in Brazil and South America was determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Aqueous ethanol (80%, v/v) yielded the highest extraction for the pulp and peel, while aqueous methanol (50%, v/v) was selected for the seed. Camu-camu parts had p-coumaric acid, catechin, epicatechin, luteolin, rutin, and quercetin, with catechin as the major compound in the pulp, peels, and seeds of all the evaluated samples. The peel showed lower concentrations of these compounds compared with the pulp and the seed; the content of phenolic compounds also differed according to the geographic region. These results broaden the knowledge on phytochemical extraction and composition of camu-camu pulp, peel, and seed and may guide future applications of their extracts in the food industry., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) seeds. Ethanolic (ETJS), methanolic (MEJS), aqueous (AQJS), and propanone (PRJS) extracts was assessed by measuring spectrophotometrically their ability to scavenge DPPH · , ABTS ·+ , HOCl, and O 2 ·- radicals. Electrochemical methods were employed, and the obtained data presented a good correlation with the radical scavenging results. The extracts were also able to attenuate lipid peroxidation induced by Fe 2+ ions in phospholipids due to their chelation ability. The extracts protected human erythrocytes against oxidative cellular damage caused by AAPH, which was confirmed by using FESEM analysis. PRJS extract demonstrated the highest effect in all assays used in this work. Our findings prove that jabuticaba seeds are an important source of antioxidants which act by different mechanisms. This study opens new frontiers regarding the use of this fruit byproduct as a food additive. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Jabuticaba seeds are usually discarded as waste by food industries, but they are rich in bioactive products and present interesting biological properties. Herein, we demonstrated that their extracts show remarkable antioxidant power against different reactive oxygen species, which are involved in several human pathologies. In this way, this by-product can be further used in the development of products to protect the human body against diseases related to oxidative stress., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The Myrtaceae family is one of the most representative in the Amazon. Several species have high added-value pharmacological potential. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the aromatic profile of Myrtaceae species from the Amazon, the present study presents the first report on the productivity, chemical composition, and antioxidant profile of the essential oil (EO) of Myrcia paivae. Dry leaves of the species were submitted to hydrodistillation to obtain their EO. The EO performance was calculated on a moisture-free basis and the analysis of the chemical profile was carried out by GC/MS. The determination of the antioxidant capacity was assessed by means of the antioxidant capacity equivalent to the inhibition Trolox of the ABTS•+ and DPPH• radicals. The results indicate that EO performance was equivalent to 1.69%. As for the chemical composition, hydrocarbon monoterpenes were predominant in the sample (>77%); terpinolene (14.70%), α-phellandrene (14.69%), γ-terpinene (9.64%), sylvestrene (7.62%), α-thujene (6.46%), and α-pinene (6.39%) were the constituents with higher content. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, the results show that the EO presented good results in the inhibition of ABTS•+ (0.886 ± 0.226 mM L−1) and DPPH• (2.90 ± 0.083 mM L−1), which can be attributed to the high monoterpene content in the sample.

The essential oil of Backhousia citriodora , commonly known as lemon myrtle oil, possesses various beneficial properties due to its richness in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of the essential oil isolated from leaves of Backhousia citriodora (BCEO) and its biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 21 compounds were identified in BCEO, representing 98.50% of the total oil content. The isomers of citral, geranial (52.13%), and neral (37.65%) were detected as the main constituents. The evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power showed that BCEO exhibited strong antioxidant activity at IC 50 of 42.57 μg/mL and EC 50 of 20.03 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity results showed that BCEO exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis ) than against Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ). For the agar disk diffusion method, S. epidermidis was the most sensitive to BCEO with an inhibition zone diameter of 50.17 mm, followed by S. aureus (31.13 mm), E. coli (20.33 mm), and K. pneumoniae (12.67 mm). The results from the microdilution method showed that BCEO exhibited the highest activity against S. epidermidis and S. aureus , with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 μL/mL. BCEO acts as a potent antibiofilm agent with dual actions, inhibiting (85.10% to 96.44%) and eradicating (70.92% to 90.73%) of the biofilms formed by the four tested bacteria strains, compared with streptomycin (biofilm inhibition, 67.65% to 94.29% and biofilm eradication, 49.97% to 89.73%). This study highlights that BCEO can potentially be a natural antioxidant agent, antibacterial agent, and antibiofilm agent that could be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report, on the antibiofilm activity of BCEO against four common nosocomial pathogens.

The essential oil (EO) of Calycolpus goetheanus (Myrtaceae) specimens (A, B, and C) were obtained through hydrodistillation. The analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs was by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry CG-MS, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector CG-FID. The phytotoxic activity of those EOs was evaluated against two weed species from common pasture areas in the Amazon region: Mimosa pudica L. and Senna obtusifolia (L.) The antioxidant capacity of the EOs was determined by (DPPH • ) and (ABTS •+ ). Using molecular docking, we evaluated the interaction mode of the major EO compounds with the molecular binding protein 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). The EO of specimen A was characterized by β-eudesmol (22.83%), ( E )-caryophyllene (14.61%), and γ-eudesmol (13.87%), while compounds 1,8-cineole (8.64%), ( E )-caryophyllene (5.86%), δ-cadinene (5.78%), and palustrol (4.97%) characterize the chemical profile of specimen B's EOs, and specimen C had α-cadinol (9.03%), δ-cadinene (8.01%), and ( E )-caryophyllene (6.74%) as the majority. The phytotoxic potential of the EOs was observed in the receptor species M. pudica with percentages of inhibition of 30%, and 33.33% for specimens B and C, respectively. The EOs' antioxidant in DPPH • was 0.79 ± 0.08 and 0.83 ± 0.02 mM for specimens A and B, respectively. In the TEAC, was 0.07 ± 0.02 mM for specimen A and 0.12 ± 0.06 mM for specimen B. In the results of the in silico study, we observed that the van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions of the alkyl and pi-alkyl types were the main interactions responsible for the formation of the receptor-ligand complex.

Phenolic compounds have attracted a lot of attention due to their benefits to human health. Jabuticaba ( Myrciaria sp. ) fruit has been described as an excellent source of these compounds, while Jabuticaba leaf, considered as plant residue, has shown functional effects. The present study aimed to characterize the phenolic profile in two different leaves extracts (hydroalcoholic ethanol and butanol) of Myrciaria sp. by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS E . A total of 40 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified. Jabuticaba leaf extracts presented a rich and diversified composition of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, being ellagic acid, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin the most abundant in butanol extracts. Very distinct phenolic profiles were obtained depending on the the solvent indicating that specific preparations can be obtained from the jabuticaba leaf depending on the desired application. This work emphasized the potential of this residue vegetable to be used as a functional ingredient.

Chagas Disease (CD), caused by flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) that affect approximately seven million people worldwide with a restrict therapeutical arsenal. In the present study, the essential oils from 18 Myrtaceae species were extracted, chemically dereplicated, and evaluated in vitro against T. cruzi. From these, eight essential oils were considered promising (IC 50 <10 μg/mL and SI>10) against the protozoan: Eugenia florida, E. acutata, E. widgrenii, Calyptranthes brasilienses, C. widgreniana, Plinia cauliflora, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, and Psidium guajava. Multivariate data analysis pointed out (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, limonene, caryophyllene oxide, and α-copaene playing an important role in the anti-T. cruzi activity. The obtained results demonstrated the potential of essential oils of Myrtaceae species as valuable sources of bioactive compounds against T. cruzi., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Myrcia eriopus DC. (Myrtaceae) is a native and endemic Brazilian species, and there is no information about its chemical composition. In our study, five different anthocyanins and two other phenolic compounds were described for the first time in M. eriopus fruits. Delphinidin 3- O -glucoside (1) , cyanidin 3- O -glucoside (2) , petunidin 3- O -glucoside (3) , peonidin 3- O -glucoside (4) , malvidin 3- O -glucoside (5) , gallic acid (6) and myricetin (7) were identified by offline system RP-HPLC-DAD/ESI-QTOF-MS and compared to the scientific literature. Furthermore, the lyophilized powder of M. eriopus fruits showed a high anthocyanin content (1878.14 mg cy-3-glu eqv/100 g f.w.), with greater levels of compounds 1 and 3 , and an antioxidant potential in DPPH and ABTS assays (EC 50 2419 μg/mL and 339 μmol Trolox/g f.w.), results superior to other non-conventional Brazilian fruits. This first report about the chemical composition of M. eriopus fruit reveals the potential of this fruit as a new source of bioactive anthocyanins.

Four pairs of cinnamoyl-β-triketone derivative enantiomers, (+)- and (-)-xanthostones A-D ((+)- and (-)-1-4), were isolated from Xanthostemon chrysanthus. Compounds 1 and 2 feature a new rearranged cinnamoyl-phloroglucinol scaffold fused with a cinnamyl-β-triketone framework. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 are the first examples of natural products with a peculiar phenethyl-pyranone acid unit. Their structures with absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Interestingly, these novel compounds showed a tautomeric behavior in solution, which was revealed by NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation. A plausible biosynthetic pathway toward xanthostones A-D was proposed. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of xanthostones A-D were evaluated., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Hemicellulose-type polysaccharides were isolated from Campomanesia xanthocarpa fruits by alkaline extraction and submitted to fractionation processes giving rise to eluted (GE-300) and retained (GR-300) fractions. GE-300 presented a mixture of galactoglucomannans (GGM) and glucuronoxylans (MGX), while the GR-300 fraction is composed only of MGX. In this way, the chemical structure of MGX, investigated by 1D 1 H, 13 C and 2D 1 H- 13 C HSQC, 1 H- 1 H COSY and 1 H- 13 C HMBC NMR spectroscopy, revealed that the chemical structure of polysaccharide is a (4-O-methyl-α-D-glucurono)-D-xylan. Deep and precise NMR chemical shift determination of clean and specific 1 H NMR glycosyl units were developed by 1D TOCSY and 1D NOESY analysis. This approach demonstrated unequivocally that 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid group is linked to O-2 of a (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan in the main chain. Furthermore, MGX scavenged DPPH radical (0.5 to 1.0 mg mL -1 ) and was not cytotoxic to human dermal fibroblasts at concentrations up to 1.0 mg mL -1 , as demonstrated by neutral red and crystal violet assays, evidencing in vitro biocompatibility. The structure elucidation of GR-300 together with its bioactivity assessment contributed to better understand the chemical characteristics of C. xanthocarpa hemicelluloses and may provide structural basis for future structure-property studies., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Myrciaria pilosa is a tree species of the Brazilian Caatinga biome. This paper is the first report on the chemical composition and the antimicrobial and antivirulence activities of essential oil extracted from its leaves. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical composition determined by GC-MS and CG-FID revealed 63 compounds; the sesquiterpenes guaiol (13.17%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (11.26%) dominated. Antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. It showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 5 μg/mL against evaluated strains and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) ranging from 10 to 20 μg/mL. Evaluation of antivirulence activity showed reductions of 92.0% and 47.2%, respectively, in haemolytic action and production of staphyloxanthin. These findings show that the essential oil of M. pilosa has potential as an antimicrobial drug to control infection by multi-resistant strains of S. aureus .

Inspired by a previously reported biomimetic synthesis study, four new naturally occurring phloroglucinol trimers 1-4 with unusual 6/5/5/6/6/6-fused hexacyclic ring systems, along with two known analogues ( 5 and 6 ) and two known biogenetically related dimers ( 10 and 11 ), were isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa . Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculation. By mimicking two potentially alternative biosynthetic pathways, the first asymmetric syntheses of 1-4 and the racemic syntheses of 5 and 6 were achieved in only five to six steps without the need for protecting groups. Furthermore, phloroglucinol dimers 10 and 11 exhibited significant in vitro antiviral activity against the respiratory syncytial virus.

Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle atrophy. Exercise is effective in improving sarcopenia via two mechanisms: activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. In contrast, most nutritional approaches for improving sarcopenia focus mainly on muscle protein synthesis, and little is known about SC activation. Here, we investigated the effect of lemon myrtle extract (LM) on SC activation both in vitro and in vivo. Primary SCs or myoblast cell lines were treated with LM or its derived compounds, and incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, an indicator of cell cycle progression, was detected by immunocytochemistry. We found that LM significantly activated SCs (p < 0.05), but not myoblasts. We also identified casuarinin, an ellagitannin, as the active compound in LM involved in SC activation. The structure−activity relationship analysis showed that rather than the structure of each functional group of casuarinin, its overall structure is crucial for SC activation. Furthermore, SC activation by LM and casuarinin was associated with upregulation of interleukin-6 mRNA expression, which is essential for SC activation and proliferation. Finally, oral administration of LM or casuarinin to rats showed significant activation of SCs in skeletal muscle (p < 0.05), suggesting that LM and casuarinin may serve as novel nutritional interventions for improving sarcopenia through activating SCs.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The genus Callistemon (syn. Melaleuca) of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae) has been documented as an integral part in the ethnobotanical system of the indigenous people of Australian mainland and many of its islands. Several Callistemons including the species subulatus were used by aboriginal Australians for making rafts, roofs for shelters, bandages, and food recipes, in addition to the management of wounds, infections, pain, cough, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders., Aim of the Study: The current study is designed to document the therapeutic effect of the aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of C. sabulatus Chell (syn. M. sabulata) leaves in the management of diarrhea and pain. Also, its influence on additional pharmacological modalities that are related to oxidative stress just as skin aging. Ultimately, the polyphenolic profile of the extract is disclosed and correlated to the aforementioned bioactivities., Materials and Methods: The extract was fractionated using various chromatography techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on their chemical and spectral data. The antioxidant activity was assessed using multiple models, including 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The anti-skin aging effect was evaluated using different relevant enzymatic assays. The antinociceptive activity was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, and formalin-induced paw licking in mice models. The antidiarrheal activity was gauge using the castor oil induced diarrhea, enter pooling and gastrointestinal motility in vivo models., Results: Diverse polyphenols, including quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), strictinin (3), quercetin-3-O-(2``-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (4), afzelin (5), di-galloyl glucose (6), mono-galloyl glucose (7), acacetin (8), apigenin-6,7-dimethyl ether (9), kaempferol trimethyl ether (10), dimethoxy chrysin (11), quercetin (12), kaempferol (13), methyl gallate (14), and gallic acid (15) were identified. The extract exhibited as significant antioxidant activity even better than that of Trolox or BHT. Moreover, it exerts elastase, tyrosinase, and collagenase inhibition activities, in addition to the significant peripheral and central analgesic activity in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001). In castor oil induced diarrhea model, AME significantly prolonged the diarrhea onset, decreased the frequency of defecation, and weight of feces. Likewise, it exhibited a significant reduction in the gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal model (P < 0.0001) and a considerable inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal transit and peristaltic index with all investigated doses (P < 0.0001)., Conclusion: Ethnobotanicals are versatile resources for the management of various ailments by indigenous people and the experimental research is utmost to validate and uncover their pharmacological relevance. C. sabulatus leaves have strong antioxidant, analgesic, anti-skin aging, and antidiarrheal activities which are validated for the first time by various in vitro and in vivo models. The metabolic profile of the unprecedented AME of C. sabulatus leaves compromises a wide array of bioactive polyphenolic metabolites including, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids that are correlated to the observed bioactivities. Altogether, ethnobotanicals with high and diverse contents of polyphenols are potential candidates for the management of various human aliments including neuropathies, GIT disorders, and skin aging conditions., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "cereja-do-Rio-Grande", is a native tree from Brazil, popularly used as a hypoglycemiant. Crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) and fractions (insoluble (FI), dichloromethane (FDM), ethyl acetate (FEA) and butanol (FBu)) of leaves were assessed to determine the phenolic chemical composition by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. 10 compounds were identified, being 7 new for this species: rutin, isoquercitrin, luteolin-7- O -rutinoside, mandelic acid, naringenin, luteolin-7- O -glucoside and salicylic acid. Extract and fractions showed inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme (best result: IC 50 = 44.19 µg mL -1 , for FEA) and α-glucosidase (α-Glu) (best result: IC 50 = 31.25 ± 0.15 µg mL -1 , for CHE). The observed antioxidant and inhibitory activity on the AchE and α-Glu is due to, at least in part, the presence of phenolic compounds in the samples.

The disruption of redox homeostasis and neuroinflammation are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI); medicinal plants have been studied as a therapeutic strategy, generally associated with the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This study evaluates the neuroprotective role of the Plinia trunciflora fruit extract (PTE) in neonatal rats submitted to experimental HI. The HI insult provoked a marked increase in the lipoperoxidation levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, accompanied by a decrease in the brain concentration of glutathione (GSH). Interestingly, PTE was able to prevent most of the HI-induced pro-oxidant effects. It was also observed that HI increased the levels of interleukin-1β in the hippocampus, and that PTE-treatment prevented this effect. Furthermore, PTE was able to prevent neuronal loss and astrocyte reactivity induced by HI, as demonstrated by NeuN and GFAP staining, respectively. PTE also attenuated the anxiety-like behavior and prevented the spatial memory impairment caused by HI. Finally, PTE prevented neural tissue loss in the brain hemisphere, the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and the striatum ipsilateral to the HI. Taken together our results provide good evidence that the PTE extract has the potential to be investigated as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of brain insult caused by neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.

This study used the bark of the forest species Campomanesia guazumifolia modified with H 2 SO 4 to absorb the anti-inflammatory ketoprofen from aqueous solutions. FTIR spectra confirmed that the main bands remained after the chemical treatment, with the appearance of two new bands related to the elongation of the carbonyl group present in hemicellulose. Micrographs confirmed that the surface started to contain a new textural shape after acid activation, having new pores and cavities. The drug adsorption's optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology (RSM). The adsorption was favored at acidic pH (2). The dosage of 1 g L -1 was considered ideal, obtaining good indications of removal and capacity. The Elovich model very well represented the kinetic curves. The isotherm studies indicated that the increase in temperature negatively affected the adsorption of ketoprofen. A maximum adsorption capacity of 158.3 mg g -1 was obtained at the lower temperature of 298 K. Langmuir was the best-fit isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the exothermic nature of the system (ΔH 0 = -8.78 kJ mol -1 ). In treating a simulated effluent containing different drugs and salts, the removal values were 35, 50, and 80% at 15, 30, and 180 min, respectively. Therefore, the development of adsorbent from the bark of Campomanesia guazumifolia treated with H 2 SO 4 represents a remarkable alternative for use in effluent treatment containing ketoprofen., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study investigated the biocomposite pectin films enriched with murta ( Ugni molinae T.) seed polyphenolic extract and reinforced by chitin nanofiber. The structural, morphological, mechanical, barrier, colorimetric, and antioxidant activity of films were evaluated. The obtained data clearly demonstrated that the addition of murta seed extract and the high load of chitin nanofibers (50%) provided more cohesive and dense morphology of films and improved the mechanical resistance and water vapor barrier in comparison to the control pectin film. The antioxidant activity ranged between 71% and 86%, depending on the film formulation and concentration of chitin nanofibers. The presented results highlight the potential use of chitin nanofibers and murta seed extract in the pectin matrix to be applied in functional food coatings and packaging, as a sustainable solution.