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BACKGROUND For community-living older people, the ability to estimate total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) with validated predictive equations based on anthropometry is limited. To our knowledge no studies exist for non-Caucasian populations OBJECTIVE: To design and validate an anthropometry-based equation to estimate TDEE using doubly-labelled water (DLW) as the criterion measure, and to assess the performance of three other published equations in community-living older people from rural and urban areas of Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Senegal, Cuba, and Mexico METHODS: This cross-sectional study measured anthropometry and TDEE using DLW in 69 men and 43 women aged 60-89 years. TDEE was also estimated with an anthropometry-based equation derived from the sub-sample of Mexico (n = 38) and with three other published equations. Predictive accuracy of the equations was tested by an external validation procedure RESULTS: TDEE by DLW in the six country sample was 2411 ± 41 kcal/day (mean ± SE) in men and 1939 ± 51 kcal/day in women. The best new Mexican equation was TDEE, kcal/d = [223.4 + (27.9 × weight, kg) + (239.7 × sex)]; where sex: Man = 1 and Woman = 0; having high precision; R2 = 0.89, lowest RMSE = 149.2, and Cp value of 2.0. This new Mexican equation estimated TDEE accurately in the five country sample and at country level after correction for Guatemalan older men, while the published equations performed poorly CONCLUSIONS: The Mexican equation performed better that other published equations and is recommended to accurately estimate energy requirements for community-living older people in five Latin American and one African country.

INTRODUCTION : Le liposarcome est une tumeur mésenchymateuse primitive rare, développée aux dépends des tissus adipeux. Il est constitué de quatre sous-types histologiques notamment les sous- types bien différenciés, myxoïde, pléomorphe et dédifférencié. La localisation préférentielle est la cuisse. Nous rapportons une observation d’un liposarcome myxoïde à cellule ronde à localisation fessière. OBSERVATION : Un homme âgé de 56 ans, vendeur de légumes, originaire de la Guinée Conakry, présentait depuis deux ans une tumeur de la fesse droite. L’examen retrouvait une tumeur inflammatoire, ulcérée du quadrant supéro-externe de la fesse droite bien limitée, à fond purulent jaunâtre avec quelques plages de nécrose, mesurant environ huit cm. Des adénopathies inguinales bilatérales étaient retrouvées. Les hypothèses diagnostiques étaient les suivantes : carcinome épidermoïde, lymphome cutané, métastases cutanées. L’examen anatomopathologique mettait en évidence une prolifération tumorale maligne occupant toute la hauteur du derme et faite de lipoblastes, de flasques mucineux bleuâtres disposées en vastes zones et des plages d’adipocytes très pléomorphes avec des noyaux irréguliers à disposition interstitielle diffuse. Le diagnostic de liposarcome myxoïde à cellules rondes avait été retenu. La tomodensitométrie thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne, réalisée dans le cadre du bilan l’extension, avais mis en évidence un aspect compatible avec des localisations néoplasiques secondaires pleuropulmonaires, hépatiques, cutanées et ganglionnaires. L’extension ganglionnaire concernaient les aires inguinales et iliaques internes et externes bilatérales avec des adénopathies de tailles variables dont la cible inguinale droite mesure 96x94 mm. Ces adénopathies étaient compressives compliquées d’une urétro-hydronéphrose de stade II à droite et d’une thrombose veineuse cave partielle. Le patient a été traité par chimiothérapie (adriamycine – carboplatine). L’évolution était rapidement fatale au bout de quelques semaines après la première cure de chimiothérapie. Les liposarcomes sont des tumeurs malignes rares représentant moins de 1% des tumeurs malignes. Quatre sous-types histopathologiques sont identifiés par l’OMS. Notre observation est caractéristique par sa topographie et l’évolution rapidement fatale avec des métastases multiples. Le sous-type myxoïde est le plus fréquent représentant 25% des liposarcomes et 5% des sarcomes des tissus mous atteignant généralement les adultes jeunes avec un pic d’incidence entre 40 et 60 ans. CONCLUSION : Il faudrait évoquer un liposarcome devant toute tumeur des parties molles localisée à la région fessière. L’examen anatomopathologique est incontournable pour confirmer le diagnostic et préciser le sous-type histopathologique.

HHV8 was discovered in 1994 and few studies on this virus have been conducted in Africa. The virus is related to Kaposi sarcoma, an opportunistic affection occurring during HIV infection. No studies have been carried out on this subject in Senegal, a country known for its low KS prevalence even among people living with HIV/AIDS. Thus it will be interesting to explore this field. The aim of our study has been first, to demonstrate the presence of HHV8; second, to evaluate sero-prevalence of the infection in Senegal and third, to determine the specificities of HHV8 infection in our country. We performed our study on 407 pregnant women whose average age was 29.24 years, the majority of whom were Senegalese. HIV serology was done by dot blot for the screening and western blot for the confirmation. For the diagnosis of HHV8 infection, we used the indirect immunofluorescence kit of ABI. HIV infection was low among this study population; 0.5% and no HIV1 infection was mentioned. Among the 407 women, 58 or 14.3% were HHV8 positive and there was no HHV8/HIVco-infection. Regarding marital status, no significant difference was found between HHV8 positive and HHV8 negative among unmarried, monogamous or polygamous women. However, women having had 4 to 5 children were more likely to test positive for HHV8. The difference is significant and a relationship has been established with a p value of 0.02. Regarding pregnancy, HHV8 infection is more closely related to abortion: 17.2% of women who had aborted were HHV8 positive versus 4.9% seronegative. The odds ratio calculation shows a strong correlation with a p value of 0.01. No correlation was found between HHV8 infection of the mother and neonate mortality or Apgar score. However, a relationship did show up between HHV8 infection of the mother and low birth weight. 29.2% of seropositive women had had a child with a birth weight under 2600 g whereas only 16.3% of seronegative women had had babies with low birth weight. We determined that HHV8 is indeed present in Senegal. Further studies should focus on transmission routes as well as the molecular epidemiology of this virus and diseases related to HHV8 infection in Senegal.

This study sought to characterize the recombinant env peptides 566 )HIV-1) any 996 (HIV-2) for their ability to serodiagnose HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection to develop a cost-effective dot-blot format for these peptides and to evaluate its performance in a developing country laboratory. The recombinant env peptides were evaluated using a select panel (n=327) with known serostatus from geographically diverse areas. A dot-blot assay was developed and tested on a second set of immunoblotted sera (n=331) and further evaluated in the field on a third set of sera (n=2718) from study populations. All sera were evaluated by immunoblot with both HIV-1 and HIV-2 viral lysates. The recombinant env peptides were characterized in immunoblot assay before the development of the dot-blot assay. The results were as follows. The 566 (HIV-1) peptide showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The 996 (HIV-2) peptide performed similarly but showed the presence of HIV-1 cross-reactive epitopes. When the 2 env peptides were used together there was high specificity and sensitivity for detecting HIV-positive sera in both immunoblot and dot-blot formats. The dot-blot assay performed in the field showed slightly lower specificity and sensitivity for HIV diagnosis. The relative cost of this assay combined with noncommercial immunoblot confirmation was 10-fold lower than conventional commercial assays. The authors concluded that the 566 and 996 env peptides are appropriate antigens for HIV serotype diagnosis. A dot-blot assay using these peptides may be a useful cost-effective method for HIV diagnosis applicable in developing country laboratories. (authors modified)