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Tanulmányunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a vizuális modalitású nem verbális viselkedés milyen szerepet tölt be a multimodális verbális kommunikációban. A multimodális verbális kommunikáció elméleti szempontú jellemzéséből kiindulva empirikus elemzéseken keresztül megmutatjuk, hogy a multimodális verbális kommunikációban a különböző nem verbális és verbális modalitások kontextusfüggő módon, együttesen hogyan hozzák létre a közvetített tartalmakat. Emellett az esettanulmány olyan szempontokat ismertet, melyek társadalmilag is hasznosíthatók, mivel a verbális és nem verbális viselkedés elemzésével feltárja, miért olyan népszerűek és hatásosak a járványszkeptikus és oltásellenes nézetek képviselői.

A tanulmány különböző adatforrások integrációját vizsgálja a szinkrón és a történeti pragmatika kutatási gyakorlatában. A nyelvhasználat tanulmányozásának e két, meghatározóan korpuszalapú területén készített esettanulmányainkban amellett érvelünk, hogy a hagyományosan korpuszadatoknak tekintett információk valójában integrált adatforrásból származó plauzibilis kijelentések, továbbá hogy a pragmatika kutatási módszerei között a gyakorlatban elmosódnak a határok. A tanulmány konklúziója, hogy még az elsőd­legesen korpuszon alapuló kutatási folyamatokban is számos, különböző forrásból származó információt integrálunk. Következésképpen a korpusz nem tekinthető kizárólagos adatforrásnak, hiszen további forrásokkal egészül ki, úgymint pl. a kutató nyelvi intuíciója, a korábbi kutatások eredményei, a kutatás elméleti kerete és számos következtetés.

During a faunistical exploration of Sǎlaj county carried out in 2014 and 2015, 840 beetle species were recorded, including two species of Community interest (Natura 2000 species): Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) and Lucanus cervus Linnaeus, 1758. Notes on the distribution of Augyles marmota (Kiesenwetter, 1850) (Heteroceridae), Trichodes punctatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1829 (Cleridae), Laena reitteri Weise, 1877 (Tenebrionidae), Brachysomus ornatus Stierlin, 1892, Lixus cylindrus (Fabricius, 1781) (Curculionidae), Mylacomorphus globus (Seidlitz, 1868) (Curculionidae) are given.

A folyóirat címével és tartalmával a nyelvtudomány két olyan területére, a szemantikára és a pragmatikára szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet, amelyek mára már bebizonyították önálló nyelvészeti kutatási területekként való létjogosultságukat a modern nyelvészetben. Ámbár a világban léteznek szemantikai és pragmatikai témájú cikkeket megjelentető igen színvonalas folyóiratok, s ámbár Magyarországon is vannak elsősorban szemantikával vagy pragmatikával foglalkozó kutatók, kifejezetten szemantikai-pragmatikai profilú magyar nyelvű folyóirat pillanatnyilag nem létezik. A Jelentés és Nyelvhasználat első számát a 2014. április 11-én a Pragmatika Centrum és a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Általános Nyelvészeti Tanszéke által Szegeden megrendezett Újdonságok a szemantikai és pragmatikai kutatásokban c. konferencia előadásaiból készült tanulmányok megjelentetésének szenteljük.

The mineralogy, geochemistry and magnetic properties of total suspended particulate (TSP) matter in Budapest, Hungary were studied to identify their heavy metal-bearing mineral phases. Amorphous organic matter, magnetite, salts as well as mineral phases characteristic of the surrounding geology are the main components of the TSP. They show significant enrichment in several heavy metals, such as Zn (up to 19 046 mg/kg), Pb (up to 3597 mg/kg), Cu (up to 699 mg/kg) and Mo (up to 53 mg/kg). The most frequent heavy metal-bearing mineral phases are spherular or xenomorphic magnetite particles containing 2-3 wt% Pb and Zn. They often form aggregates and are closely associated with soot and/or clay minerals. The size of these particles is rarely below 30 nm. Cu and Mo could be associated to magnetite too. Clay minerals and mica particles may also contain significant amount of Zn (up to 5wt%). Additionally, ZnO and ZnCO3 particles were found in the sample with highest Zn content and our data suggest the potential association of Pb and carbonates, as well. Magnetite particles are resistant to weathering releasing its toxic components slowly to the environment, while layer silicates (and carbonates) may be the potential source of mobile toxic metals in the TSP.

A normalization method was tested for the detection of low level chromium contamination in the soil of the Tisza River Floodplain in Hungary. The soils' so-called "total" metal concentration (strong acid extractable fraction) is the basis of many environmental evaluation methods, soil tests. In the floodplain soils cadmium, lead, zinc and copper occur in elevated concentrations, but their chromium concentration is not significantly higher than that of the control soils. The normalization method makes it possible to calculate the anthropogenic and geogenic chromium concentration in soil. Anthropogenic chromium was not detectable on the control sites, but a significant amount (4--14 mg/kg) was found in the floodplain soil samples. The applied normalization method proved the low level chromium contamination in the floodplain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on their origin, sedimentary phosphate rocks (PRs) may differ in their P solubility, and, as a consequence, in their agronomic effectiveness. The effect of six phosphate rocks (PR) -- originating from Algeria (ALG), North Florida (FLO), North Carolina (NCA), Senegal (SEN) Morocco (MOR) and Hyperphosphate (HYP) with various P solubility (evaluated by 2% formic acid, 2% citric acid, and neutral ammonium citrate) -- as well as single superphosphate (SSP) and superphosphate + lime (SSP + Ca) (each P source on 4 P levels, with doses of 0, 100, 400 and 1600 mg P2O5·kg-1 soil) on the shoot yield of tillering stage spring barley, soil available P (i.e. H2O, Olsen, Bray1, Lakanen-Erviö (LE) and ammonium lactate (AL) extractable P contents) were studied in pot experiments set up with acidic sandy soil (Nyírlugos, Hungary) and acidic clay loam soil (Ragály, Hungary), both with low P supplies. The average spring barley shoot yield at the beginning of shooting was 95% higher on the colloid-rich acidic (pHKCl: 4.5) clay loam soil than on the colloid-poor acidic (pHKCl: 3.8) sandy soil. The differences in the solubility of phosphate rocks showed close correlation to the differences in P responses. On both soils, the correlation between total PR-P added and P responses in spring barley shoot yield was much weaker than that between neutral ammonium citrate soluble PR-P added and P responses in spring barley shoot yield. When phosphate rocks were applied as P sources, the comparison of soil test P methods showed a different picture on the two soils. In the case of the acidic sandy soil (Nyírlugos), the strongly acid LE-P (r² = 0.83) and AL-P (r² =0.74) tests gave the highest correlation coefficients with spring barley responses to P, while on the acidic clay loam soil (Ragály) these were achieved by the Olsen-P (r² = 0.88) and Bray1-P (r² =0.88) methods. The presented study was financially supported by the Hungarian National Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) under Grant No. T 038046. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pot experiment -- carried out in 2000 under greenhouse conditions -- was set up with seven soils differing in Cd and Pb contents and three test plants (Lolium perenne L. cv. Georgikon), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Balatonzöld) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L. cv. Sirola) with four replicates. From the seven experimental soils five samples (S1--S5) were collected from agricultural areas (arable sites) and two (S6--S7) from spoil-earth, with extremely high Cd and Pb contents. The pots, each containing 1 kg air-dry soil, were kept at constant soil moisture (60% of maximum water capacity of the experimental soils) by daily watering, while pots were watered to weight once weekly. Before sowing the test plants: 50--50--50 mg N, P2O5 and K2O was applied to the experimental soils to maintain the same nutrient supply. The above-soil plant parts were cut after four weeks. Fresh and dry weights of plants were determined after harvest. The aim of the experiment was to obtain results of Cd and Pb uptake by different plant species in relation to the heavy metal content and different characteristics of soils. The following conclusions were drawn: No definite correlation was found between the biomass production of the three test plants and the heavy metal content of the soils at early growth stage. The heavy metal concentration range in the soils and plants differed. In the case of Pb the soil concentration interval was broader than that of the plants'. The opposite was observed for Cd, where the plants had a wider concentration interval. Comparing the Pb and Cd concentrations of above-ground plant parts, Pb concentrations varied in a narrower interval. The maximum values of Pb content exceeded the Cd content levels, although the mobility of Pb in the soil-- plant system is significantly lower. The comparison of Cd and Pb concentrations of plants and soils proved these differences. The Cd concentration of plants was 8-231% of the total Cd content of soils. The Pb concentration of plants was the 0.8-28% of the total Pb content of the soils, respectively. Comparing the three plants in respect of Cd concentrations the order found was as follows: ryegrass < white mustard < lettuce. In case of Pb, the order depended on the Pb content level (lower or higher) of the experimental soil. Symptoms of phytotoxicity were observed only on lettuce plants grown on the contaminated soils (S6, S7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term N fertilization experiments were established with identical treatments at two different growing areas in Hungary: one on a calcareous sandy soil (Őrbottyán) and the other on a calcareous chernozem soil (Nagyhörcsök). The aim was to create differences in mineral-N content in the soil profiles in order to determine their N supplying capacity and to establish whether the accumulated nitrate may be regarded as a supply index for crop production. The results showed that under certain environmental conditions N may accumulate in the soil profile in the form of nitrate, resulting from N fertilization in previous years, to such an extent that it must be taken into consideration when determining the fertilizer rates to be applied. This is important not only from the point of view of economical management and environment protection, but also for reaching better yield quality. The calculations can be reliably performed if they are based on the measurement and calibration of the soil's mineral-N content. The environmental importance of such calibration experiments is that by estimating the utilization of N from the mineral-N pool, the additional costs incurred due to over-fertilization can be eliminated, and at the same time the potential danger of NO3 leaching to the groundwater can be reduced. Extrapolation of the experimental results to farm scale can lead to both economical and environmental achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An internet-based land valuation system is being developed to replace the scientifically obsolete Hungarian land valuation system, the so-called AK ("Gold Crown") ratings. The new system is supported by a GIS and it is unique in its capability of providing an up-to-date index of soil quality and land value. The geographical information is provided by national map databases on genetic soil maps and soil attributes at the scale of 1:10.000, combined with cadastral maps, digital terrain model, topographic map, orthophotos of aerial photographs and agronomic field records. The automated algorithms are easy to update, can be made legally binding and can provide a transparent system for land taxation, calculation of subsidies, appropriation. Given that detailed (1:10,000 or finer) soil map coverage will be completed for all lands of Hungary (at date only 60% of the croplands have soil maps), this way a multifunctional system will be available that promotes an optimum use of land resources. The presented work was supported financially by the National Research and Development Programme (OM-4/015/2004 NKFP and GVOP (AKF) - 2004 - 3.1.1 grants). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]