Search

The experience of using VR-technologies in the educational process of branch, and the advantages of an immersive (virtual) approach to teaching are considered.Theoretical aspects of the use of virtual simulators are given, their effectiveness is shown. The types of simulation simulators used in the branch are presented: “Inspector-repairer of wagons”, “Electrician of signaling devices”, “Model of a traction substation”. These simulators are successfully used in the educational process and in preparation for the WorldSkills championships, professional skill competitions.The advantages of virtual reality technology in comparison with other educational technologies are the ability to immerse the student in the broadcast material, to perform actions with virtual objects and objects, to perform work safely, to acquire practical skills within the framework of mastering a specialty, which contribute to the formation of general and professional competencies.As part of the monitoring of the use of virtual reality simulators, there is an increase in the quality of the educational process by 17 %. During the monitoring, students of the branch noted an increased motivation to study professional modules, the possibility of modeling real experience in a safe environment, as well as maximum involvement in the learning process.The use of VR technologies in the classroom will create an improved modern educational environment and expand student learning opportunities.

The current trend of climate change requires a significant revision of the species and breed composition of agricultural crops. Preference should be given to drought-resistant crops such as millet, especially in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Thus studies of agro-climatic conditions for formation of millet yields in the coming years are of great importance. The article covers the assessment of changes in agro-climatic resources for the northern and Southern Steppe zones of Ukraine according to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios during three ten-year periods: 2021-2030, 2031-2040 and 2041-2050 as compared with the basic period of 1986-2005. The research applies the basic model for assessment of agro-climatic resources of formation of agricultural crops productivity developed by A. M. Polevoy. The model uses meteorological and agrometeorological data of air temperature and humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, water-physical properties and soil moisture obtained through standard meteorological and agrometeorological observations. The model of crops production process allowed establishing the agro-climatic resources during millet vegetation season and indicators of photosynthetic productivity, as well as determining the regularities for formation of different agri-environmental categories of crop yield and crop yield fluctuations under climate change within the thirty-year period from 2021 to 2050. The research evaluates the change of aforementioned indicators both in the context of individual periods and in the context of the Northern and Southern Steppe zones. It was found that the largest change in agro-climatic resources and millet productivity is observed in the Southern Steppe zone. For both the Southern and Northern Steppe zones the largest difference of such indicators is observed under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario. It was also found that the largest change of the indicators is observed within the period from 2031 to 2040. However, within the next decade, the values of all indicators will be close to the data observed during the basic period (1986-2005). According to the results of calculations for the period from 2021 to 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios the expected scenario yields will be higher than those of the basic period.

Aim To study the association between vascular wall stiffness and known markers for accumulation of senescent cells in blood, cells, and tissues of old patients.Material and methods This study included male and female patients aged 65 years and older who were referred to an elective surgical intervention, that included a surgical incision in the area of the anterior abdominal wall or large joints and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For all patients, traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and arterial wall stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV) were evaluated. Also, biomaterials (peripheral blood, skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue) were collected during the surgery and were used for isolation of several cell types and subsequent histological analysis to determine various markers of senescent cells.Results The study included 80 patients aged 65 to 90 years. The correlation analysis identified the most significant indexes that reflected the accumulation of senescent cells at the systemic, tissue, and cellular levels (r>0.3, рConclusion Stiffness of great arteries as measured by PWV significantly correlates with a number of plasma, tissue, and cellular markers for accumulation of senescent cells. This fact suggests PWV as a candidate for inclusion in the panel of parameters for evaluation and monitoring of the biological age during the senolytic therapy.

The paper analyzes the errors committed by law enforcement officers in the implementation of various types of special knowledge at all stages of criminal proceedings. Shortcomings under consideration are differentiated into shortcomings committed in the production of investigative actions, during which objects were seized, subsequently presented for an expert examination, when forensic examinations are appointed, in the production of forensic examinations, when examining the expert's opinion by officials of the preliminary investigation bodies and the prosecutor's office. At the same time, such errors are periodically repeated and multiply: forensic examinations, the need for the production of which is caused by the specifics of the crime being investigated, the current investigative situation and, being justified by specially developed recommendations, are not scheduled; the questions posed to the experts do not cover all the circumstances the establishment of which is possible only through the involvement of persons knowledgeable in a particular area of special knowledge; the questions themselves are not always directly related to the expert's specialization and the type of examination; the presence of proper qualifications of a person involved as an expert is not verified, etc.Without setting themselves the task of analyzing all or most of these errors, the authors thoroughly consider the most serious errors using specific examples from judicial investigative practice and they come to the conclusion that the effectiveness and efficiency of using the expert's conclusion in proving is possible only under the context of impeccable observance by officials of preliminary investigation bodies, forensic experts and heads of forensic institutions of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law, the Federal Law "On State Forensic Expert Activity", departmental regulations and forensic recommendations.

Evaluation of the frequency of microsatellite instability in gastric adenocarcinomas in patients of the Russian Federation, determination of the relationship of microsatellite instability with clinical and morphological characteristics and the impact on the prognosis.We used samples of surgical material from 310 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer. The age of the patients ranged from 22 to 85 years (mean 63 years). The median follow-up of patients was 83 months. Each sample was immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to microsatellite instability markers MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. The results were compared with the main clinical and morphological characteristics of gastric cancer and data on patient survival.The frequency of detection of MMR-negative tumors in the Russian population is 8.1% of all patients with gastric cancer. It was found that patients with MMR-negative gastric carcinomas are older (mean age 69 years,The established differences in patient survival make it possible to distinguish a group of MMR-negative tumors into a separate pathogenetic subtype of gastric cancer (MSI subtype) based on immunohistochemical studies. This subtype occurs predominantly in elderly patients with tubular gastric adenocarcinomas and is characterized by a favorable prognosis.Оценка частоты выявления микросателлитной нестабильности в аденокарциномах желудка у пациентов в российской популяции, уточнение связи микросателлитной нестабильности с клинико-морфологическими характеристиками и влияние на прогноз заболевания.В исследовании использованы образцы операционного материала от 310 пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом рака желудка. Возраст пациентов варьировал от 22 до 85 лет (средний — 63 года). Медиана наблюдения за пациентами составила 83 мес. Каждый образец окрашивали, используя иммуногистохимический метод, с применением антител к маркерам микросателлитной нестабильности MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 и PMS2. Полученные результаты сопоставляли с основными клинико-морфологическими характеристиками рака желудка и данными по выживаемости пациентов.Частота выявления MMR-негативных опухолей в российской популяции составляла 8,1% от всех пациентов с раком желудка. Установлено, что пациенты с MMR-негативными карциномами желудка отличаются более старшим возрастом (средний — 69 лет;Установленные различия в выживаемости пациентов позволяют выделить группу MMR-негативных опухолей в отдельный патогенетический подтип рака желудка (подтип MSI) на основании иммуногистохимического исследования. Этот подтип встречается преимущественно у пожилых пациентов с тубулярными аденокарциномами желудка и характеризуется благоприятным прогнозом.

This is the first report on the effect of norepinephrine on biofilms and planktonic cultures of a human skin commensal Kytococcus schroeteri H01. A dose-depending inhibitory effect of norepinephrine on K. schroeteri was shown after 24 and 72 h of incubation on PTFE cubes. The most pronounced effect was observed at 3.5 × 10–7 M norepinephrine after 24 h of incubation (71 ± 13% of the control) and at 3.5 × 10–6 M after 72 h (78 ± 10% of the control). Biofilms formed on glass in the presence of norepinephrine were thinner and flatter than in the controls. No significant effect of norepinephrine on metabolic activity of the cells in biofilms formed on PTFE cubes was revealed. Norepinephrine probably affects initial stages of the switching to biofilm lifestyle and matrix synthesis in K. schroeteri H01.

The article proposes a possible solution to the problem of the poly-subjectness of narrative discourse, associated with the hybrid nature of artistic communication, in which not only the world of narration is modeled, but also the communicative situation of communication. As one of the parameters of the discursive process, the analysis of which makes it possible to observe the intensive interaction of a number of systems participating in modeling the imaginary world of a work of art, the subject of the statement is considered, in M. Foucault's terminology, an empty position in discourse. The narrative text can be viewed as a complex of a number of communicative phenomena, as a special type of social interaction. A speech act, in which the text becomes an integral component, represents, according to this point of view, a two-unit complex of events, the process of the speaker's production of an utterance and the process of interpretive perception of the finished speech product. The interaction of the author and the reader takes place at the point I here now (Origo), in which an event takes place, which in the theory of the speaking subject of Yu. Kristeva is defined as passing the zero position subject of evocation-process and statement-result. In a complexly structured artistic message, the dynamics of the subject of utterance is expressed in the alternation of pronoun forms. In the structure of discourse, the subject of utterance forms a position, filling which the grammatical subject realizes the relationship between the grammatical and the communicative system, which represents a complex perspective of communication. The observer's area, which determines the communicative situation of narrative discourse, completely excluding interpersonal relations (this is what Bakhtin means when he speaks of the absence of dramatic relations between the author and the reader). The introduction of the observer category makes it possible to describe the position of out-of-access, according to which the author is on the border of fiction. The perspective of the observer explains another feature of literary communication, described by M.M. Bakhtin as the birth of meanings at the moment of meeting (dialogue) of the consciousnesses of both participants.

A 60-year-old man admitted to the clinical center due to weakness, episodes of jaundice. The laboratory date revealed elevated levels of total bilirubin—112.5 μmol/l (range 8,5–20,5 μmol/l) and direct bilirubin—60.8 μmol/l (range 4,3–4,6 μmol/l), elevated hepatic enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]: 95 U/l (range ≤ 40 U/L), alanine aminotransferase [ALT]: 301 U/l (range ≤ 30 U/L). When performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a polyp of the large duodenal papilla with a spread to the terminal parts of the bile and pancreatic ducts was revealed, and a biopsy was taken. Histological examination detected tubulovillous adenoma with epithelial dysplasia II–III stage. DS: “Tubulovillous adenoma of the major duodenal papilla with epithelial dysplasia II–III”. Complications: “Multiple choledocholithiasis. Mechanical jaundice. Liver failure.” Considering the inability to carry out endoscopic treatment, recurrent nature of the jaundice it was decided to perform surgery: laparoscopic duodenotomy, papillectomy, choledocholithotomy, performing of choledochoduodenal anastomosis, duodenoplasty and abdominal drainage. The postoperative period was taking its normal course. Duration of staying in the intensive care unit—4 days. Enteral fluid intake started on the 2-nd postoperative day. Enteral feeding was restored in a 3 days. Polyps of the large duodenal papilla are relatively rare form of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, which may not manifest clinically, or, as the above case, lead to severe pathological conditions. Currently, there is no single approach to the treatment of this group of diseases. Some authors propose a pancreatoduodenal resection, but the risks of this operation associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality are not always justified. The case is unique because the described procedure is less invasive and affects the minimum number of organs. Laparoscopic approach has significant advantages in the treatment of this infrequent pathology.

Introduction. Immunohistochemical staining by an indirect method with a chromogenic label requires en-zymes, among which is alkaline phosphatase (AP). AP is also present in human tissues. It can break down the molecules of the immunohistochemical substrate, which leads to significant background staining. It is necessary to block endogenous enzymes prior to immunohistochemical staining to reduce this effect. One of the ways to block endogenous alkaline phosphatase is to use levamisole solutions. The aim of the study was to describe the technique of levamisole use to block the alkaline phosphatase intestinal form during immunohistochemical assays. Materials and methods. This article provides the calculations for 0.001M working levamisole solution preparation from a 10% officinal veterinary levamisole hydrochloride produced by Livisto Invesa Industrial Veterinaria S. A., Spain. The inactivation of AP intestinal form was checked by a reaction with one marker (PDGFRb) and two markers (FAP and SMA) on the colon cancer specimens. We used the Abcam ab210061 DoubleStain IHC Kit: M&R on human tissue (HRP/Green&AP/Red, Great Britain) according to the method recommended by the manufacturer with some changes to identify two markers on the same slide. Results. During the immunohistochemical assay, a complete absence of background staining and a bright contrast reaction with antibodies (both with one and two in the same section) using 1mМ levamisole was achieved. It indicates sufficient inactivation of the AP intestinal isoform in the colon cancer specimens. A comparative cost-benefit analysis for one slide using ready-to-use commercial blocking reagents and officinal levamisole solution shows a significant economic advantage of the latter. Conclusion. The high reaction quality and the palpable economic profits open up opportunities for using 1mM levamisole solution for immunohistochemical studies in laboratory practice and research work. Keywords: levamisole, immunochistochemistry, alkaline phosphatase

Negative impact of climate change on crop yields is already an established fact. This is mainly due to rising temperatures and increasing likelihood of droughts. However, in some regions there is an increase of certain crops yields, especially the drought-resistant ones and this determines the need for research of agro-climatic conditions for formation of such crops' yield. This article presents the results of the study of agro-climatic conditions for formation of millet crops, one of the most drought-resistant crops in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, affected by climate change. It considers temperature, radiation and humidification regimes of millet crops. The research of the impact of climate change on the growth, development and formation of millet crops is conducted according to the scenarios of future climate change RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for a thirty-year period (2021-2050) divided into three decades: 2021-2030, 2031-2040 and 2041-2050. The period from 1986 to 2005 is a basic period. The average long-term agroclimatic data for the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine observed in this period are used. The calculations were performed using the model of crop productivity formation which was modified and adapted to millet crop. The block diagram of the model of millet productivity formation includes blocks of main physiological processes of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) vital activity: photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development and also includes a hydrometeorological block. It is assumed that the average air temperature will decrease in all three ten-year periods of both scenarios, compared to the accepted long-term averages. The results of calculations showed that in all ten-year periods of both scenarios there is an increase in millet yield compared with the average long-term data (1986-2005). The highest yield is formed according to the RCP8.5 scenario over the period from 2041 to 2050 and is expected at the level of 29.2 c/ha which is 19% higher than the current one.

This is the first report on biofilm formation by Micrococcus luteus C01 in model systems stimulated by epinephrine. In the presence of 900 pg/mL of epinephrine in the medium, a 52.3% increase in the metabolic activity of biofilm bacteria compared to the control (without epinephrine). However, after 72 h of growth, the total amount of biofilm biomass in the presence of epinephrine increased by 89.5%, while bacterial metabolic activity in the biofilm remained at the control level. It may be assumed that the targets of the stimulating effect of epinephrine are some pathways of bacterial metabolism, which determine both their growth (at the initial stages of biofilm development) and synthesis of the biofilm matrix, which is more pronounced in mature biofilms.

In the article, the author has established that in the new conditions of development of modern civilization, under the influence of information and communication technologies, the processes of media socialization of young people are significantly activated. The transformation of modern society leads not only to the globalization of information space, but also makes ICT the key factor of mediatorially young people are actively influencing the attitudes and minds of young people.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant predictor of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality. It is known that atherosclerosis occurs earlier in patients with diabetes, reducing the duration of their life. Leptin as well as other inflammatory markers can contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with DM, participate in the development of a local inflammatory reaction.Determine the cells immunophenotype of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with diabetes.We analyzed 24 patients (20 men and 4 women), who underwent aortofemoral bypass, femoral-tibial bypass or carotid endarterectomy. During the operation, a fragment of the arterial wall with an atherosclerotic plaque was obtained for further immunohistochemical studies. Five histologic plaque characteristics (CD68+, -SMA, CD34, leptin and leptin receptor) were compared.No difference in the expression of CD68 (p=0.922), -SMA (p=0.192), CD34 (p=0.858), leptin receptor (p=0.741) and leptin (p=0.610) in atherosclerotic plaques were observed between patients with and without DM. The lack of significant differences between the two groups was possibly due to the small number of observations with DM. In particular, when assessing the expression of selected markers in atherosclerotic plaques, patients with DM showed significantly more leptin receptors than patients without DM (2160.716 and 1205.88 respectively); and also significantly less CD68+ (0.39 and 0.98 respectively) and -SMA+ (6.5 and 13.5 respectively).Based on the expression of CD68, -SMA, CD34, leptin receptor and leptin, no significant differences were observed in atherosclerotic plaque between patients with and without DM. At the same time, despite the limitations of the study (a small number of patients, moderate severity of DM, elderly patients in the DM group), we found a tendency in the increased number of leptin receptors and a decreased number of -SMA+, CD68+ in DM atherosclerotic plaques. Further study needed, taking into account the limitations of this work.Обоснование. Сахарный диабет (СД) является важным предиктором развития атеросклероза, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Известно, что у больных СД атеросклероз возникает раньше, сокращая продолжительность их трудовой деятельности и жизни. Лептин, как и маркеры воспаления, могут способствовать прогрессированию атеросклероза при СД, участвовать в развитии местной воспалительной реакции и патогенезе развития атеросклеротической бляшки. Цель. Изучить иммунофенотип клеток, входящих в состав атеросклеротических бляшек у пациентов с СД. Материалы и методы. Проведено наблюдательное одномоментное двухцентровое исследование, в которое включены 24 пациента (20 мужчин и 4 женщины), подвергшиеся аорто-феморальному, бедренно-берцовому шунтированию или каротидной эндартерэктомии. В ходе проведения операции получен фрагмент артериальной стенки с атеросклеротической бляшкой для дальнейшего проведения иммуногистохимического исследования: оценки экспрессии CD68+ макрофагов, -SMA (-гладкомышечный актин), CD34, лептина и рецептора лептина. Результаты. При сравнении результатов оценки экспрессии CD68 (p=0,922), -SMA (p=0,192), CD34 (p=0,858), рецептора лептина (p=0,741) и лептина (p=0,610) в атеросклеротических бляшках статистически значимых различий между группами пациентов с СД и без СД не выявлено. Отсутствие достоверных различий между двумя группами, возможно, обусловлено небольшим количеством наблюдений пациентов с СД. В частности, при оценке экспрессии выбранных маркеров в атеросклеротических бляшках у больных СД отмечено значительно больше рецепторов лептина, чем у лиц без СД (2160,716 и 1205,88 соответственно), а также значительно меньше CD68+ (0,39 и 0,98 соответственно) и -SMA+ (6,5 и 13,5 соответственно). Заключение. На основании оценки экспрессии CD68, -SMA, CD34, рецептора лептина и лептина не выявлено достоверных различий в структуре атеросклеротической бляшки у пациентов с СД и без. В то же время, несмотря на ограничения исследования (небольшое число больных, умеренная тяжесть СД, пожилой возраст пациентов в группе с нарушением углеводного обмена), мы обнаружили тенденцию в увеличении количества рецепторов лептина и уменьшении количества -SMA+, CD68+ у больных СД. Требуется дальнейшее изучение этой проблемы с учетом ограничений данной работы.

The article is devoted to the description and study of special structural formations in the discourse that differ from linear referential structures, intentional networks, the participation of which is necessary for the implementation of author's intentions. The intentional networks deprived of the nucleus serve as representations of the cognitive presentation plan, linking the reference basis of the presentation with the network structure that creates the conditions for regulating the processes of message understanding. The material base of intentional networks is formed by language tools with non-descriptive semantics, the functional purpose of which is to pragmatically accentuate the fragments of the presentation that are most significant for the formation of meaning, and to create a field of understanding containing the necessary cognitive and communicative orientations for the participants to communicate. The predominant interest in the processes of planning, production and understanding of speech acts in cognitive pragmatics highlights the problem of systematic conceptual knowledge models (individual and conventional), the presence of which is a condition of understanding. Less attention is paid to the systematic nature of language processes, which, in our opinion, is of primary interest to linguistics. The current state of knowledge requires further differentiation and differentiation in the discursive process of rigorous algorithmic procedures and flexible structures, which allow making changes to the strategic program implemented by the author of the text during the creation of the text. The study of speech works makes it possible to distinguish structural formations of two types in them, linear and network structures. In contrast to the centralized sequence of propositions, the intentional network is created by many centers, the flexibility of the network elements is due to the multilayered subjective perspective, which has several levels of organization. The grammatical level is represented by the grammatical subject, the semantic (propositional) - by a certain type of agent, the cognitive - by the subject of reflection or perception. The communicative (pragmatic) level allows you to make a choice between the subject of speech (addressee), the addressee and the observer (external participant in communication). The network nodes use various combinations of perspectives, which creates unique opportunities for managing the processes of understanding in the conditions of remote comunication.

// Sergei M. Danilov 1 , 2 , 3 , Alexey V. Kadrev 3 , Olga V. Kurilova 3 , Victoria E. Tikhomirova 4 , Olga V. Kryukova 4 , Vadim N. Mamedov 5 , David M. Kamalov 3 , Natalia V. Danilova 3 , Dmitry A. Okhobotov 3 , 5 , Nurshat M. Gayfullin 3 , 5 , Valery V. Evdokimov 6 , Boris J. Alekseev 6 , Olga A. Kost 4 , Larisa M. Samokhodskaya 3 and Armais A. Kamalov 3 , 5 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, Chicago, USA 2 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 3 Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 4 Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 5 Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 6 Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology, Moscow, Russia Correspondence to: Sergei M. Danilov, email: danilov@uic.edu Keywords: angiotensin I-converting enzyme; prostate cancer; benign prostate hyperplasia; CD143; monoclonal antibodies Abbreviations: ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; mAbs: monoclonal antibodies; ZPHL: carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-L-leucine; HHL: hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine; PBS: phosphate buffered saline Received: May 29, 2019 Accepted: August 27, 2019 Published: October 29, 2019 ABSTRACT Epithelial cells of prostate express significant level of ACE and, as a result, seminal fluid has 50-fold more ACE than plasma. The substitution of highly specialized prostate epithelial cells by tumor cells results in dramatic decrease in ACE production in prostate tissues. We performed detailed characterization of ACE status in prostate tissues from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) using new approach- ACE phenotyping, that includes evaluation of: 1) ACE activity with two substrates (HHL and ZPHL); 2) the ratio of the rates of their hydrolysis (ZPHL/HHL ratio); 3) the ratio of immunoreactive ACE protein to ACE activity; 4) the pattern of mAbs binding to different epitopes on ACE – ACE conformational fingerprint - to reveal conformational changes in prostate ACE due to prostate pathology. ACE activity dramatically decreased and the ratio of immunoreactive ACE protein to ACE activity increased in PC tissues. The catalytic parameter, ZPHL/HHL ratio, increased in prostate tissues from all patients with PC, but was did not change for most |BPH patients. Nevertheless, prostate tissues of several patients diagnosed with BPH based on histology, also demonstrated decreased ACE activity and increased immunoreactive ACE protein/ACE activity and ZPHL/HHL ratios, that could be considered as more early indicators of prostate cancer development than routine histology. Thus, ACE phenotyping of prostate biopsies has a potential to be an effective approach for early diagnostics of prostate cancer or at least for differential diagnostics of BPH and PC.

A new alloplastic high-permeable material based on tricalcium phosphate with Kelvin architectonics created by stereolithographic 3D-printing was studied in vivo. A monocortical defect of the femur was modeled in rats and the material was implanted into the defect area. In 24 weeks, the animals were euthanized and histological examination of the defect area was performed. One femur fracture with fixator migration was recorded after implantation of the studied material and the reference chronOS synthetic material. The studied material demonstrated better osteoconductive properties then traditional osteoplastic material, which was seen from greater number of bone trabeculae and their area in the defect area.

In this study, the effect of epinephrine on the biofilm formation of Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin was investigated in depth for the first time. This hormone has a complex effect on biofilms in various systems. In a system with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cubes, treatment with epinephrine at a physiological concentration of 4.9 × 10−9 M increased the total amount of 72-h biofilm biomass stained with crystal violet and increased the metabolic activity of biofilms, but at higher and lower concentrations, the treatment had no significant effect. On glass fiber filters, treatment with the hormone decreased the number of colony forming units (CFUs) and changed the aggregation but did not affect the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. In glass bottom plates examined by confocal microscopy, epinephrine notably inhibited the growth of biofilms. RNA-seq analysis and RT–PCR demonstrated reproducible upregulation of genes encoding Fe–S cluster assembly factors and cyanide detoxification sulfurtransferase, whereas genes encoding the co-chaperone GroES, the LysE superfamily of lysine exporters, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase and the potential c-di-GMP phosphotransferase were downregulated. Our results suggest that epinephrine may stimulate matrix synthesis in M. luteus biofilms, thereby increasing the activity of NAD(H) oxidoreductases. Potential c-di-GMP pathway proteins are essential in these processes., Highlights • Physiological blood concentration of epinephrine affected M. luteus C01 biofilms. • Epinephrine stimulated biofilm growth assessed with crystal violet. • Epinephrine affected the CFU and cell aggregation depend on incubation time. • 4.912 × 10−9 M epinephrine changed the biofilm biomass assessed by CLSM. • RNA-seq and RT-qPCR showed altered expression levels in seven M. luteus C01 genes.

Is to establish the relationship between the persistence of viral antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the cellular composition of the immune microenvironment of tumor tissue and the mucous membrane of peritumoral area in gastric cancer.We used samples of surgical material from 55 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer. The expression of CD4, CD8, CD68, CD1a and LMP-1 was assessed. The results were assessed by the morphometric method. We selected three fields of view (magnification x200) in tumor tissue and in peritumoral areas separately and counted an absolute number of cells with positive staining with further calculation of the average number of cells and the median.LMP-1-negative tumors with LMP-1 expression in epithelium of peritumoral area were characterized by the highest density of CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration in the central part of the tumor; the highest density of CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration in the mucous membrane of peritumoral area (High density of infiltration of glandular epithelium of peritumoral area with the expression of LMP-1 by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes is most likely associated with the activation of the cellular immune response and may be one of the signs of the persistence of viral antigens. It was shown for the first time that the phenomenon of persistence of the LMP-1 viral antigen is characterized by a trend towards negative predictive value for patients with gastric cancer.Установить связи между персистенцией вирусных антигенов вируса Эпштейна—Барр (EBV) и клеточным составом иммунного микроокружения опухолевой ткани и слизистой оболочки перитуморальной области при раке желудка.В исследовании использованы образцы операционного материала от 55 пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом рака желудка. Проведено определение экспрессии CD4, CD8, CD68, CD1a и LMP-1. Результаты реакций оценивали морфометрическим методом: в опухолевой ткани и участках перитуморальной области выбирали по 3 образца микропрепарата, в которых при увеличении объектива в 20 раз подсчитывали абсолютное число положительно окрашенных клеток и в дальнейшем подсчитывали среднее число клеток и медианы в трех полях зрения.LMP-1-негативные опухоли с экспрессией LMP-1 в эпителии перитуморальной области характеризовались наибольшей плотностью инфильтрации CD4+ лимфоцитами в центральной части опухоли; наибольшей плотностью инфильтрации CD8+ лимфоцитами в слизистой оболочке перитуморальной области (Высокая плотность инфильтрации железистого эпителия перитуморальной области с экспрессией LMP-1 CD4+ и CD8+ лимфоцитами наиболее вероятно связана с активацией клеточного иммунного ответа и может являться одним из признаков персистенции вирусных антигенов. Впервые показано, что феномен персистенции вирусного антигена LMP-1 характеризуется тенденцией в сторону отрицательной прогностической значимости для пациентов с раком желудка.

The statistical problem of calculating upper and lower bounds for fair prices of European and Asian options within the classic Cox-Ross-Rubinstein (CRR) model with uncertain parameters is considered. The method proposed in this paper includes statistical data analysis for determining the ranges of the model parameters. Optimal portfolios are calculated simultaneously with the upper and lower bounds.

to compare the effectiveness of targeted biopsy guided by the shear wave elastography (SWE) and systematic biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).A total of 164 patients with suspected PCa were examined. Multiparametric TRUS, including SWE, was performed to all patients with the use of the Aixplorer ultrasound system (Supersonic Imagine, France), followed by TRUS guided 12-samples systematic prostate biopsy in combination with targeted biopsy from hypoechoic and/or stiff areas according to SWE data. Comparison of the results of histological examination and tissue stiffness measurements were carried out according to the specimens and patients. A total of 2 171 biopsy samples were analyzed (1 968 systematic and 203 targeted). After morphological evaluation all specimens were divided into groups of PCa+ (n=441) and PCa- (n=1 730), and patients to the group of PCa (n=74) and the control group (n=90).PCa was found in 17.3% of systematic biopsy specimens and in 76.9% of SWE targeted biopsy specimens (P0.0001). The significant moderate positive correlations of Youngs modulus and Gleason scores (rS=0.51, P0.0001), Youngs modulus and% specimen involvement (rS=0.59, P0.0001) were founded in the group of PCa+ biopsy specimens. The percentage of PCa+ specimens was significantly higher with any types of targeted biopsy, than with systematic biopsy. With SWE targeted biopsy the percentage of PCa+ specimens was significantly higher than with B-mode guided targeted biopsy. Similar regularities were observed when comparing these types of targeted biopsy according to morphological prognostic ISUP groups and perineural invasion. Performing of targeted biopsy increased the morphological prognostic group in 5.4% of patients, additionally revealed perineural invasion in 2.7% of patients with PCa, and transferred additional 9.5% of patients from the group of clinically insignificant to the group of clinically significant PCa.SWE-guided targeted biopsy shows the significantly higher positive biopsy rate than conventional systematic biopsy. The use of SWE-guided targeted biopsy in addition to systematic biopsy can increase clinically significant PCa detection rate and improve the detection of perineural invasion.

The study of the influence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on the development of colorectal cancer is of current interest, particularly in light of the active discussion of the participation of this virus in the carcinogenesis of stomach cancer. In this review, aimed at a fundamental understanding of the processes associated with the impact of EBV on the human body, attention is paid to the issues of the life cycle of the virus, its phases (latent and lytic), as well as proteins that may be detected in each of the phases. The papers reporting on the role of EBV in the development of colorectal cancer have been analyzed. A summary table indicating the population under study, the number of samples, the method, and the result obtained is provided. Given that the primary cells affected by EBV are lymphocytes, it is logical to assume the involvement of this virus in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. The review cites studies which confirm the presence of virus DNA in tissues in the inflammatory diseases of the colon, including microscopic and ulcerative colitis. To confirm the direct impact of EBV on the development of colorectal cancer, large studies with applying various methods for detecting the virus and the mandatory description of its localization are required. Besides, it is necessary to correlate these data with the clinical and morphological characteristics of EBV.

The feasibility of rapid multi-parametric biosensor for simultaneous detection of several cardiac markers in human whole blood, which is not inferior to the characteristics of approaches performed in laboratories and can be used by low- grade medical staff at patient's bedside or in the ambulance is shown. Immunoreagents that provide maximum sensitivity and specificity were selected with a label-free optical sensor.

We report a comparative study of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) delivered by injection, MSC-based cell sheets (CS) or MSC secretome to induce healing of cutaneous pressure ulcer in C57Bl/6 mice. We found that transplantation of CS from adipose-derived MSC resulted in reduction of fibrosis and recovery of skin structure with its appendages (hair and cutaneous glands). Despite short retention of CS on ulcer surface (3&ndash, 7 days) it induced profound changes in granulation tissue (GT) structure, increasing its thickness and altering vascularization pattern with reduced blood vessel density and increased maturation of blood vessels. Comparable effects on GT vascularization were induced by MSC secretome, yet this treatment has failed to induce repair of skin with its appendages we observed in the CS group. Study of secretome components produced by MSC in monolayer or sheets revealed that CS produce more factors involved in pericyte chemotaxis and blood vessel maturation (PDGF-BB, HGF, G-CSF) but not sprouting inducer (VEGF165). Analysis of transcriptome using RNA sequencing and Gene Ontology mapping found in CS upregulation of proteins responsible for collagen binding and GT maturation as well as fatty acid metabolism enzymes known to be negative regulators of blood vessel sprouting. At the same time, downregulated transcripts were enriched by factors activating capillary growth, suggesting that in MSC sheets paracrine activity may shift towards matrix remodeling and maturation of vasculature, but not activation of blood vessel sprouting. We proposed a putative paracrine trigger mechanism potentially rendering an impact on GT vascularization and remodeling. Our results suggest that within sheets, MSC may change their functional state and spectrum of soluble factors that influence tissue repair and induce more effective skin healing inclining towards regeneration and reduced scarring.

There are not many changes compared to 2010 in WHO classification (2019) of colon adenocarcinomas. Cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma (ICD-O code: 8201/3), spindle cell carcinoma (8032/3), squamous cell carcinoma (8070/3) are excluded; carcinoma with a sarcomatoid component (8033/3), poorly cohesive carcinoma (8490/3) and adenoma-like adenocarcinoma (8262/3) were added. The important histological characteristics in the conclusion should indicate the presence of lymphatic invasion, intra- and extramural vascular invasion, perineural invasion, grading, «tumor budding» and the immune microenvironment. In the 5th edition of the classification a large section has been added regarding molecular diagnostics and molecular prognostic factors of colorectal cancer. Correspondence was found between two different classifications based on two different approaches: genomic (according to DNA analysis) and transcriptomic (according to RNA analysis). According to the genomic classification two large groups of colorectal cancer are distinguished: hypermutated and non-hypermutated cancers that correspond to molecular pathways with the development of microsatellite and chromosomal instabilities, respectively. The section of neuroendocrine tumors did not undergo significant changes. It is not recommended to use the term «carcinoid» to refer to a neuroendocrine tumor G1, that is, the term «carcinoid» is excluded.В настоящее время классификация аденокарцином по сравнению с 2010 г. изменилась частично, исключены крибриформная комедоаденокарцинома (код МКБ-О: 8201/3), веретеноклеточная карцинома (8032/3), плоскоклеточная карцинома (8070/3), добавлены карцинома с саркоматозным компонентом (8033/3), дискогезивная (poorly cohesive) карцинома (8490/3) и аденомоподобная карцинома (8262/3). В качестве важных гистологических характеристик в Заключении необходимо указывать наличие лимфатической инвазии, интра- и экстрамуральной сосудистой инвазии, периневральной инвазии, степени злокачественности, «опухолевого почкования» (tumor budding) и характер иммунного окружения. В 5-м издании классификации добавлен большой раздел, посвященный молекулярной диагностике и молекулярным прогностическим факторам колоректального рака. Найдены соответствия между двумя различными классификациями, основанными на двух различных подходах: геномном (по ДНК) и транскриптомном (по РНК). В соответствии с геномной классификацией выделены две большие группы колоректального рака: гипермутационные и негипермутационные, которые соответствуют молекулярным путям с развитием микросателлитной и хромосомной нестабильности соответственно. Раздел нейроэндокринных опухолей существенных изменений не претерпел. Не рекомендовано использовать термин «карциноид» для обозначения нейроэндокринной опухоли G1, т.е. термин «карциноид» исключен.