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A study was made of interaction between AlCl3 and room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) [C8H15N2][N(SO2CF3)2], or BuEtIm-Tf2N, and of anodic dissolution in RTIL of UO2 and of a simulated oxide fuel at 297–302 K, depending on the AlCl3 concentration. It was shown that anodic dissolution of UO2 pellets and a UO2-Al mixture in RTIL yields soluble uranium species. Potentiostatic electrolysis of the resulting solutions can yield uranium compounds at the cathode, though with low current efficiencies. The role of AlCl3 in these processes was suggested. A heterophase reaction between UO2 and AlCl3 was studied, depending on the content of AlCl3 in solution. It was found that the exchange reaction products, soluble uranium species, are accumulated in solution only at the molar ratio AlCl3/Tf2N > 1.

Chemical and electrochemical behavior of some fission elements and components of fuel elements and structural materials in salt melts based on alkali metal chlorides was studied. Possible ways of incorporation of impurity elements into the cathodic deposit were analyzed as influenced by the position of the elements in the electromotive series, current density, and composition of the gaseous phase over the melt. The effect of impurities on electrochemical crystallization of UO2 was evaluated. The composition and structure of the cathodic deposit at formation of solid solutions were studied in relation to the content of impurity elements in the melts.

Extract from the brain of young mice produced weak cytoproliferative effect on cultured glial cells, while brain extract from old mice 3–4- and 30–60-fold stimulated glial proliferation in primary and passaged cell cultures, respectively.

On the basis of an earlier model of chemical carcinogenesis, the antitumor activity of the mono-, bi- and poly-nuclear ferrocene derivatives ferricenium tri-iodide (1), ferricenium tetrachloroferrate (2), 1, 1′-diethylferricenium triiodide: (3), N-(ferrocenylmethyl)hexamethylenetetramine tetrafluoroborate (4), bis(ferrocenylmethyl)benzotriazolium tetrafluoroborate (5), bis(ferrocenyl-α-ethyl)benzotriazolium tetrafluoroborate (6) and bis(ferrocenylmethyl)-2-methylbenzimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (7), and the oligomer (—Fc—CH2—Fc+˙—CH2—)7–8− (PF6)7–8 (8) was studied in vivo (FcC10H8Fe). The tumor models studied included MCH-11 (mouse sarcoma induced by methylcholantrene), P-815 (mouse mastocytoma of DBA/2 origin) and virus-induced Raucher leukemia (RLV). The cytotoxic effects of these preparations were examined against in vitro cultured normal murine cells (line L-929). The binuclear ferrocene derivatives 5, 6 and 7 inhibited the development of experimental tumors in mice. Ferricenium tri-iodide (1) was effective in Rauscher leukemia. Kinetic dependencies for most complexes had a two-phase character: the region of inhibition of tumorogenesis was followed by a region in which the complexes accelerated the development of this process. The link between the structure of compounds 1–8 and their antitumor effects is discussed.

The experiments with AKR mice, that are carriers of the T-cell leukemia virus showed their higher radiosensitivity as compared to (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice in respect of survival and hemopoietic status. The regular patterns observed are presumed to result from lower ability of AKR mice to repair radiation damage and provide resistance to infections.

The influence of microorganisms on the course of tumor processes in laboratory animals was studied. The study revealed that the inoculation of Bordetella pertussis decreased survival time both in mice with implanted mastocytoma cells P-815 and in Syrian golden hamsters with implanted transformed hamster fibroblastomas. The smallpox vaccine virus was found to stimulate the development of virus-induced Rauscher leukosis in mice. The mechanisms of the co-carcinogenic action of microorganisms is discussed.

In the course of study of the transformed cells of line 63 the phenomenon of cyclically repeated transitory infection of the level of separate cells accompanied by the periodically isolated DNA-containing virus has been shown. Virus reproduction was judged by the determination of the infectious and hemagglutinating activities and radioactivity. The application of activation methods (co-culturing, somatic hybridization and cells treatment with mytomycin C) led to the increase of virus synthesis in the transformed cells of line 63 during spontaneous production of it. We failed to express viral genome in refractor phase.

In the human fibroblasts culture, transformed by the material from malignant paraganglioma culture, there was found the RNA- and DNA containing virus synthesis. The RNA-containing virus with a buoyant density of 1.16--1.18 g/ml shows no hemagglutinating activity, it fails to infect newborn Syrian hamsters, and produces no transformation-destruction changes in mammalian tissue culture. The DNA-containing virus with a buoyant density of 1.24--1.28 g/ml would agglutinate the guinea-pig and group 0 human erythrocytes, produces lesions in newborn Syrian hamsters, and cytodestructive changes in the culture of rat and mice embryonal cells and in cells of a transplantable line Vero. In terms of its properties it may be referred to human viruses of the Papova group. A combined action of DNA- and RNA-containing viruses produces a transformation effect on embryonal hamster cells and the cells of a transplantable line Vero.

Under in vitro cultivation of 14 soft tissue malignant human tumors there were obtained two cell lines: from cells of hypernephroma (Hn-7) and malignant paraganglioma (Par-1). The transfer of the cultured Par-1 cells medium to recipient cells CET enabled obtaining the transformed cell line 63. This line possesses all the features of in vitro growing tumor cells: it results in tumor growth in young Syrian hamsters, when injected retrobuccally, and in newborn animals injected percutaneously, also it yields cell colonies growth in semiliquid agar. The cultured line 63 ran through more than 100 passages, its isoenzymic assay indicates that it belongs to a human type and differs from cells HeLa, the karyotypic pattern shows the number of chromosomes to be close to the dyploid number in man. In the cell line 63 there is the synthesis of two viruses: RNA-containing one belonging to the orthomixo-group and DNA-containing one belonging to human oncoviruses of the Papova group.

Human papovavirus isolated from human malignant paraganglioma was found to have pathologic relevance to golden hamsters of varying age inducing sarcomas in adults, when given intracerebrally, and lesions of central nervous system in newborns inoculated subcutaneously. T-antigen, immunologically related to that of SV40 was detected in tumor cells. Infectious papovavirus, identical to human one, was isolated from brain tissues of sick hamsters.

Virus reproduction and activation were studied in human cells transformed with human polyoma virus. At the stage of spontaneous viral production, such methods of activation as somatic hybridization and DNA transfection were successful. Special methods of viral activation (treatment with mitomycin C and DEAE--dextran, and subsequent homologous DNA transfection) were required when viral production by cells ceased completely.