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This study identified the relationship between energy balance and some blood metabolites in primiparous dairy cows with different calving conception interval. Twenty primiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were grouped according to the interval (days) from calving to conception into early-conception (early-c; <100 days), mid-conception group (mid-c; 100 -- 150 days) or late-conception (late-c; >150 days) group; and evaluated on day -7 prior to parturition, and days 28, 56 and 90 postpartum. All groups presented positive energy balance, serum concentrations of HDL, urea-N and progesterone with no difference on days 28 and 56 of lactation. On day 90 of lactation all the cows presented negative energy balance; however, the early-c group presented a less intense (P < 0.05) net energy balance (-1.09 versus -2.15 and -1.86 Mcal/day), lower concentrations of serum urea-N (3.28 versus 4.22 and 4.88 mg/dL) and HDL cholesterol (0.84 versus 1.59 and 1.46 mmol/L) and greater serum concentration of progesterone (8.13 versus 4.54 and 1.83 ng/mL) than cows of mid-c and late-c groups, respectively. In conclusion, different from those usually observed for multiparous dairy cows, the energy balance during the first weeks of lactation was not a determining factor affecting the calving conception interval of primiparous dairy cows in the present study. Instead, the nutritional status and the serum concentration of urea-N and progesterone at a later stage, after 56 days of lactation, suggest having a role in delaying these cows' pregnant status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.Avaliaram-se o balanço de compostos nitrogenados e a síntese de proteína microbiana (PBmic) em novilhas leiteiras submetidas a dietas contendo casca de café (0,0; 8,75; 17,5 e 26,25% da matéria seca) em substituição ao milho no concentrado, correspondendo aos níveis de 0,0; 3,5; 7,0 e 10,5% da matéria seca da dieta total. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas mestiças com grau de sangue Holandês variando de 7/8 a 31/32, distribuídas em delineamento em blocos casualizados, formados de acordo com o peso dos animais. Amostras spot de urina foram coletadas aproximadamente 4 horas após a alimentação da manhã e utilizadas para estimar a síntese de PBmic utilizando-se os derivados de purina na urina. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis de casca de café na dieta sobre o consumo de nitrogênio total (160 g/dia) e a excreção de nitrogênio na urina (87,4 g/dia). A inclusão de casca de café na dieta promoveu aumento linear na excreção de nitrogênio nas fezes, bem como alteração do balanço de nitrogênio. Houve redução linear nas excreções urinárias de alantoína, nos derivados de purinas totais e purinas absorvidas, que reduziram 0,715; 0,873; 0,954 mmol/dia a cada unidade de casca de café adicionada no concentrado, respectivamente. A casca de café alterou a síntese de PBmic, que teve redução de 0,687 g/dia a cada unidade de casca de café adicionada ao concentrado. A redução na síntese de proteína microbiana pode diminuir o ganho de peso em novilhas alimentadas com casca de café.

Avaliaram-se o balanço de compostos nitrogenados e a síntese de proteína microbiana (PBmic) de vacas alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de casca de café (0,0; 8,75; 17,5 e 26,25% da MS, correspondentes a 0,0; 3,5; 7,0 e 10,5% de casca de café na MS total da dieta) em substituição ao milho na ração concentrada. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas da raça Holandesa com produção média de leite de 23,4 kg. A síntese de PBmic foi estimada utilizando-se os derivados de purinas na urina e no leite. Amostras de urina spot dos animais foram coletadas aproximadamente 4 horas após a alimentação da manhã. A análise de regressão não detectou efeito dos níveis de casca de café sobre o consumo de nitrogênio total (441,3 g.dia) e a excreção de N na urina (190,8 g/dia) e no leite (114,7 g/dia). A casca de café aumentou a excreção de N nas fezes e promoveu balanço de N negativo. As excreções de alantoína na urina (294,6 mmol/dia), alantoína no leite (21,3 mmol/dia), ácido úrico na urina (42,3 mmol/dia) e de derivados de purinas totais (358,2 mmol/dia) e a síntese de proteína microbiana (266,3 g/dia) não foram influenciadas pela adição de casca de café. Todavia, a casca de café não alterou a eficiência de síntese de PBmic, estimada em 136,8 g de PBmic/kg de nutrientes digestíveis totais.The effects of replacing ground corn with coffee hulls on N balance and microbial protein synthesis of lactating dairy cows were evaluated in this trial. Twelve crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows yielding on average 23.4 kg/day of milk were used. The microbial protein synthesis was estimated by excretion of purine derivatives in urine and milk. Animas were fed diets containing the following coffee hulls levels (% DM): 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. Spot urine samples were collected approximately 4 hours post-feeding. Regression analysis showed no effects of dietary coffee hulls levels on total nitrogen intake (441.3 g/day) and excretion of urine N (190.8 g/day) and milk N (114.7 g/day). However, feeding coffee hulls to lactating dairy cows increased fecal N excretion resulting in negative N balance. The increased dietary levels of coffee hulls did not affect excretions of milk allantoin (294.6 mmol/day), urinary allantoin (21.3 mmol/day), uric acid (42.3 mmol/day), and purine derivatives (358.2 mmol/day). Microbial protein synthesis estimated by urinary excretion of purine derivatives averaged 266.3 g/day and did not differ across diets. In addition, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis averaged 136.8 g of microbial N per kg/TDN and also did not differ among diets.