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The study suggests an automated way of preventing bogus job postings online that uses categorization techniques based on machine learning. To determine the most effective model for identifying job scams, the output of multiple classifiers was compared. In order to verify false internet postings, these classifiers are used. In the midst of several other ads, it aids in identifying fraudulent job listings. The two fundamental categories of classifiers considered for the purpose. &nbsp

Antibiotics are the most important drugs for people and animals to fight bacterial illnesses. Overuse of antibiotics has had unintended consequences, such as antibiotic resistance and ecosystem eradication owing to toxic chemical discharge, which have a negative influence on the biome. Herein, we report the synthesis of a hollow ellipsoid-shaped yttrium vanadate/graphitic carbon nitride (YVO4@CN) nanocomposite by a hydrothermal approach followed by a sonochemical method for the effective detection of dimetridazole (DMZ). The synergic and coupling effect between both the phases offer non-linear cumulative ramifications which can positively enhance the individual properties of the materials under consideration. This positive hybrid effect increases the conductivity, shortens the ion-diffusion pathway, enhances the electron/ion transportation, and provides more active sites and electron-conducting channels. The accurate optimization of the experimental conditions proposes good electrocatalytic activity for the YVO4@CN catalyst, exhibiting a good response toward DMZ detection. It reveals an extensive linear concentration range (0.001-153.3 and 176.64-351.6 μM), a low detection limit (0.8 nM), higher sensitivity (4.98 μA μM-1 cm-2), appreciable selectivity, increased operational stability (2200 s), and good cycle stability (60 cycles). The electrochemical performance of YVO4@CN indicates its practical application in real-time sample analysis of several families of nitroimidazole drugs.

Rare-earth metal orthovanadates have great technological relevance in the family of rare-earth compounds owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties. A significant number of studies have been carried out on this class of compounds to exploit their electrochemical properties in virtue of variable oxidation states. But holmium vanadate (HoV) and its morphology selective synthesis have not been considered, which can have potential applications similar to the rest of the family. In this work, we propose the synthesis of superior architectures of HoV with a functionalized boron nitride (f-BN) nanocomposite. The synergistic effect between HoV and f-BN can have a positive effect on the physical characteristics of the nanocomposite, which can be explored for its electrochemical capacity. Here, HoV incorporated with f-BN is explored for the electrochemical detection of Hg2+ ions, which is known for its toxicity-induced environmental health hazards. The structural and compositional revelation reveals higher conductivity and faster electron transfer in the composite, which facilitates a wide working range (0.02-53.8 and 64.73-295.4 μM), low limit of detection (5 nM), higher sensitivity (66.6 μA μM-1 cm-2), good selectivity over 10-fold higher concentration of other interfering compounds compared to Hg2+ ion concentration, and good cycles stability (30 segments) toward Hg2+ ion detection. This also envisages the morphology selective synthesis and utilization of other rare-earth metals, whose electrochemical capacities are unexplored.

The unabated usage of priority anthropogenic stressors is a serious concern in the global environmental context. Pharmaceutical drugs such as furazolidone (FL) and nilutamide (NL) have far-reaching repercussions due to the presence of the reactive nitroaromatic moiety. Despite the widespread awareness regarding the dangers posed by nitroaromatic drugs, the promises to alleviate the environmental consequences of drug pollution are often unmet. Accordingly, implementing practices to monitor their presence in various media is a highly desirable, but challenging undertaking. With the advent of deep eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis, it has become possible to fabricate LDH-based sensor materials with minimal energy inputs in a sustainable and scalable manner. In this work, we have framed a series of CoFe-LDH electrocatalysts utilizing deep eutectic solvent-assisted hydrothermal strategies for the simultaneous detection of FL and NL. The CoFe-LDHs intercalated with three distinct anions, namely, (i) Cl

In the field of agriculture fungicides are vital, providing the most important ecosystem service for food production. The widespread use of these chemicals can significantly lead to various ecotoxicological threats with adverse effects, such as environmental changes, microbial resistance, and phytotoxicity. Electrochemical sensors offer enormous potential for the identification and monitoring of hazardous substances in accordance with their constructive characteristics, namely, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity, over traditional analytical techniques. Here, we thus report the synthesis of the lanthanum vanadate/hexagonal boron nitride (LaV/h-BN) composite for the electrochemical determination of carbendazim (CZ), which is a widely used fungicide for disease management with critical risks associated with its overexposure. The combination of LaV and h-BN accelerates the formation of active sites, facilitating faster charge transfer and higher electronic conductivity. The synergistic effects greatly improve the preference of the modified electrode with increased sensitivity, a lower limit of detection, and wide linear responses toward CZ detection. The existence of variable oxidation states in the orthovanadate together with the unique properties of h-BN mark LaV/h-BN as an advanced material for specific applications in the family of rare-earth metal orthovanadate. Also, the deep eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of the material creates an environmentally efficient system with reduced energy requisites to allow for applications in effective environmental monitoring.

By serving as alternatives to toxic and hazardous solvents, green solvents assist in implementing the idea of sustainability. The use of these neoteric reaction media dramatically reduces energy requirements and moderates the rate at which chemical waste is produced. In this work, we propose the sustainable synthesis of AFe2O4 catalyst (A = Mg, Zn, Mn) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) mixture. The choline chloride–malonic acid based DES system shows heterogeneities at the nanoscopic stage, allowing for a more holistic production of spinels via a modified solid-state route with less environmental effect. Structural and morphological analyses of the synthesized ferrites clearly demonstrate the importance of next-generation solvents in the fabrication of functional materials. The ability of these synthesized samples to act as magnetically separable catalysts for the effective degradation and electrochemical detection of hazardous dye contaminants in water bodies using visible light has also been investigated. This approach quantifies green chemistry metrics and proves that functional materials can be effectively modified and improved at the nanoscale for a variety of applications.

Clioquinol (CQ) is a mass-produced drug with broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial properties. This neurodegenerative medicine has attracted significant attention in the pharmaceutical field....

Pharmaceutical contamination is an emerging environmental concern that threatens global health and impacts every hemisphere of existence. The extensive exploitation and unregulated release of these...

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a significant viral resistant drug widely acknowledged for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. To minimize the impact of HCQ residues on environmental pathways, exploring control measures is vital. In this regard, electrochemical sensing of HCQ using well-structured functional materials is advantageous. This work aims to provide an economical and sustainable route for the synthesis of ANbO

Physiological storage disorders are caused by ineffective post-harvest handling of horticultural crops, particularly fruits. To address these post-harvest concerns, diphenylamine (DPAH

Copper substituted strontium ferrite nano spinels were synthesized by facile chemical coprecipitation method. Structural properties of all the nano materials were examined using Powder X-ray Diffraction of size ranging 22–50 nm and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy which further revealed the formation of hexagonal spinel structure. The analysis of FT-IR spectra of all the samples confirmed the formation of M–O bond with spinel structure having characteristic peaks at 422 cm-1 and 586 cm-1. All the samples were subjected to dielectric studies at room temperature. A quite narrow band gap around 1.5–1.6 eV for all the samples indicates that these ferrites can behave as visible light photocatalysts. The as synthesized nano spinels were proposed to be promising heterogeneous Photo-Fenton catalysts under visible light for the degradation of organic pollutants. The photo catalytic degradation results revealed 94% degradation for all the prepared nano catalysts. The materials displayed remarkable photo-stability with recyclability up to five consecutive cycles. VSM studies of the materials exhibited weak ferromagnetic property with high surface area. Therefore, these magnetic materials presented no significant loss in activity specifying an exceptional capacity of ferrites to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.

The innovations in the field of green chemistry have expedited the pace of advances in varied research areas ranging from the development of diverse routes for the material synthesis to designer so...

Potentially hazardous chemical contaminants endanger the environment and human well-being, challenging scientists and policy makers to develop holistic alternative approaches for remediation. The addition or accumulation of these chemicals can have a series of far-reaching consequences and have direct and indirect effects at multiple levels of ecological organization. Therefore, the development of a sensitive tool for the comprehensive evaluation of chemical concentrations is highly relevant. Herein, we thus report the simultaneous electrochemical detection of highly toxic hydroquinone (HQ), Hg2+, and nitrite (NO2-) compounds using nanostructured metal molybdate (M = Mg, Fe and Mn) catalysts. These functional nanomaterials are synthesized using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) modified hydrothermal method that provides sustainable aspects and energy efficient synthesis strategies. Choline chloride (ChCl)-urea DES used in this study exhibits an all-in-one behaviour by simultaneously acting as a template, reducing agent, and homogeneous means for stabilizing metal ions. This stimulates the fabrication of hierarchical structures of metal molybdates with high surface activities that cause their remarkable properties with minimal waste generation. The structural, morphological, catalytic, and electrochemical capacities of the as-synthesized MgMoO4, Fe2(MoO4)3, and MnMoO4 materials are explored through various techniques and comparatively, MnMoO4 presents superior characterization features such as a reduced particle size, increased surface area and hierarchical architectures. Owing to the exceptional physicochemical attributes, the MnMoO4 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrates superior electrochemical activities towards the individual and simultaneous detection of HQ, Hg2+, and NO2-. Well-defined and separate peaks are observed for the simultaneous detection of HQ, Hg2+, and NO2- which is influenced by the binding energies of these pollutants. Furthermore, the modified electrode exhibits a high sensitivity of 23.8, 17.7 and 10.2 μA μM-1 cm-2 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.026, 0.05, and 0.01 μM for HQ, Hg2+, and NO2- respectively under ideal conditions. Also, the reproducibility and anti-interference ability reinforce the application potential of the MnMoO4 modified electrode for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of HQ, Hg2+, and NO2- in real samples with better recoveries, thus assessing the effect of these hazardous chemicals on humanity.

Rare-earth metal orthovanadates have great technological relevance in the family of rare-earth compounds owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties. A significant number of studies have been carried out on this class of compounds to exploit their electrochemical properties in virtue of variable oxidation states. But holmium vanadate (HoV) and its morphology selective synthesis have not been considered, which can have potential applications similar to the rest of the family. In this work, we propose the synthesis of superior architectures of HoV with a functionalized boron nitride (

Aim, To evaluate the treatment outcomes of endoscopic prelacrimal approach in managing various maxillary sinus pathologies, analyzing the associated adverse events and post treatment quality of life and also to compare surgical outcomes of prelacrimal approach with middle meatal antrostomy approach to remove various maxillary sinus pathologies. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted from January 2019 to April 2020. We took 60 patients with maxillary sinus pathologies and divided into two groups and done sinus surgery through middle meatal antrostomy approach (group A) and prelacrimal approach (group B). Post operative follow up done for one year and analyzed complications and recurrence. Results: We compared the recurrence rate of antrochoanal polyp in both groups. Out of 12 patients in group A, 6 patients (50%) got recurrence of polyp. In group B, only one patient (8%) got recurrence out of 12 patients of antrochoanal polyp. Conclusion: We conclude that prelacrimal recess approach is a better option than middle meatal antrostomy for complete removal of pathologies in maxillary sinus.

The risk of pharmaceutical contamination is a growing ecological issue that affects every region of the globe. Continuous enhancement in the intake and negligent domestic ejection of these cytostatic agents are the main grounds for the occurrence of active residual metabolites in various aquatic environments. Electrochemical sensors are a capable substitute for other conventional analytical methods for monitoring toxic drug pollutants due to their beneficial features. Thus, the purpose of this work is to demonstrate an energy-efficient fabrication of neodymium vanadate integrated with boron-doped carbon (NdVO4/B–C) hybrid composite for the selective electrochemical determination of nilutamide (NT– anti-androgen drug). The choice of neodymium among rare earth metals has a significant impact on the electrochemical redox processes. In addition, rapid electron mobility for well-separated peaks and defined current potentials implies an improved active surface area in NdVO4. Therefore, the incorporation of B–C displays substantial enhancement in electronic conductivity, identifying the nanocomposite as a remarkable detecting candidate. The presence of multiple oxidation states of rare earth vanadate embedded on boron-doped activated carbon results in high synergistic interactions and advanced matrix structures that facilitate superlative electrocatalytic characteristics including the minimal Rct value (81.32 Ω.cm2), wide linear-range responses (0.001–344 μM), low limit of detection (0.0002 μM), high sensitivity (5.56 μA·μM−1·cm−2), good stabilities (operational stability = 3000 s and storage stability = 20 days), and excellent selectivity (with an excess concentration of 12 interfering compounds). It is noteworthy that the NdVO4/B–C modified electrode provides an outstanding recovery range (±99.91%–99.94%) for real sample analysis, thus marking it to be a competitive sensor option for commercial usage.

A nanorod-like structured CoMoO4 embedded on boron doped-graphitic carbon nitride composite (CoMoO4/BCN) has been developed by a simple sonochemical method for electrochemical detection of furazolidone (FUZ). Interestingly, the impedance of CoMoO4/BCN fabricated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) possesses a lower resistance charge transfer (Rct), which favors superior electrochemical detection of FUZ. Such CoMoO4/BCN/SPCE exhibits an ultralow detection limit of 1.6 nM with a concentration range of 0.04–408.9 μM, and high sensitivity of 11.6 μA μM−1 cm−2 by DPV method. In addition, biological and water samples were used for demonstration of practical application of CoMoO4/BCN/SPCE towards electrochemical detection of FUZ, and the result exhibits a satisfactory recovery. Graphical abstract

In this study, a rhombic dodecahedral barium zirconate microcrystals decorated on sulphur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (BZO/SCN) composite was prepared by a hydrothermal (HT) method followed by ultrasonication, which was used for the sensitive and selective determination of nitrofurantoin (NFT, an antibacterial agent) and nilutamide (NLT, an anticancer drug). The nanocomposite structure and morphology were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM/TEM, FT-IR, and XPS techniques. CV, EIS, and DPV methods have also been employed to investigate the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite. Analytical parameters such as loading amount of catalyst, effect of scan rate, electron rate kinetics (Ks), diffusion coefficient (D), and pH value were analyzed. The BZO/SCN composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) shows excellent detection of NFT and NLT in a wide dynamic linear range (WLR: 0.09–260.9 μM; 0.09–189.61 μM), a low limit of detection (LOD: 2 nM; 6 nM), and a sensitivity of (35.73 µA µM−1 cm2; 12.17 µA µM−1 cm2), respectively. Moreover, the fabricated electrode was further applied to the detection of the NFT and NLT in spiked real samples with satisfactory recoveries.

Rational design of different heteroarchitecture-based ultrasonic approaches offer great opportunities to improve the electrocatalytic properties in electrochemical reaction. Especially, zinc oxide (ZnO)-based carbon architecture has gained tremendous interest due its fascinating properties. Herein, we have synthesized flower-like ZnO superstructures on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite using an ultrasonic bath (100 W at 50 kHz). The structuro-chemical and crystalline properties of ZnO@CNTs/RGO composite are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. Also, the as-synthesized ZnO@CNTs/RGO composite has been successfully applied towards the electrochemical detection of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flufenamic acid (FFA). As expected, ZnO@CNTs/RGO composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance towards FFA detection, when compared to other modified and un-modified GCEs. The positive synergistic effect between ZnO, CNTs and RGO in the composite is highlighted by the advanced electrochemical sensing performance of the fabricated GCE which can be ascertained to more number of active sites and rapid electron transport. The proposed sensor establishes two response ranges with trace level detection limit and higher sensitivity towards FFA sensing. The feasibility of the sensor is also validated by its application towards the determination of FFA in bovine serum albumin and urine samples which offers satisfying recovery range. Thus the manipulation of the hierarchical architecture of ZnO together with the electronic conductivities of CNTs and RGO tailor the formation of a nanocomposite which can be utilized for real analysis of pollutants.

Food protection and preservation aims to prevent spoilage and contamination, which can improve consumer health, but prolonged and excessive consumption of food preservatives can cause serious health risks. Nitrite (NO2-) anion, a widely used food preservative, is associated with possible carcinogenic effects in prolonged exposures that require the implementation and identification of methods for immediate quantification. In this sense, hierarchical nanostructured materials have enormous material advancement potential that can be applied to real-time analysis of undesirable ions. The ordered geometric arrangement and multiple components of these structures offer synergistic effects, increased active surface area, and multiple functionalities, outperforming their bulk counterparts and enhancing various properties. The present work deals with the synthesis of α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) that is composited with graphitic carbon nitride (CN) via ultrasonication for the electrochemical determination of NO2-. The facile ion-exchange capability of the former inorganic layered compound can effectively manage the disposition of NO2-, which is further accelerated by the interspersing of a carbonaceous material such as CN. The sensing capacity of the nanocomposite shows comprehensive response ranges, high selectivity and sensitivity towards NO2- detection that allows the fabrication of real-time analysers based on ion-exchange materials for the remediation of environmental contaminants.

Attributed to the increased interest in search of cost effective alternatives for electrochemical sensing materials, alkali and alkaline-earth metal oxides have seized the attention of material researchers. Herein we report the novel approach of deep eutectic solvent (DES) mediated facile solid state synthesis of pure and lanthanum doped magnesium titanate ceramics at 800 °C. The unique hexagonal basalt-like structure achieved for the La-doped ceramic material showed tremendous electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine biomolecules over a wide linear detection range of 5–50 μM. A remarkable limit of detection, 1.32 μM was attained for La-doped magnesium titanate modified glassy carbon electrode. %RSD value of 2.04 and recovery rate of 97.95 in spiked human serum ensures its promising future as a potential, cost effective and ecofriendly electrode modifier in portable dopamine sensors for point of care human serum analysis.

Antibiotic pollution causes worldwide concern due to its more apparent consequences, namely antibiotic resistance and destruction of the environment. Extensive use of antibiotics in human and veterinary drugs releases a significant amount of toxins into the sphere of living matter, causing adverse ecological impacts. This requires the design of new analytical protocols for the effective mitigation and monitoring of hazardous pharmaceutical products to reduce the environmental burden. Therefore, we present here the hydrothermal synthesis of samarium vanadate/carbon nanofiber (SmV/CNF) composite for the determination of sulfadiazine (SFZ). The synergistic effect arising from the combination of SmV and CNF accelerates charge transfer kinetics along with the creation of more surface-active sites that benefit effective detection. The structural and compositional disclosure indicates the high purity and superior attributes of the composite material that possesses the ability to improve catalytic performance. The proposed SmV/CNF sensor exhibits important static characteristics such as wide linear response ranges, low detection limit, high sensitivity and selectivity, and increased stability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the electrochemical performance of SmV/CNF, establishing its potential application in real-time analysis of environmentally hazardous contaminants.

In this work, we made an effort by differing the concentration of indium (In3+) ions doped in copper bismuthate (CuBi2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) through one step hydrothermal process for selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ). Results highlight that In3+ doped CuBi2O4 is more suitable to promotes the electrochemical activity than bare CuBi2O4 for the detection of CPZ. The improvement in physical and chemical nature of CuBi2O4 with substitution of In3+ on the system was confirmed through X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Besides, electrochemical studies reveal that the ‘rod-like structured’ of In3+-CuBi2O4 modified electrode shows better catalytic ability for determination of CPZ with a wider response range (0.006–120 µM) along with a lower detection limit (1.2 nM) and higher sensitivity (1.76 µA µM−1 cm−2). The feasibility of the proposed In3+-CuBi2O4 electrochemical sensor has been tested in real sample analysis of CPZ drug with acceptable recovery range. This analysis can provide truly innovative opportunities for exploring the potential of using In3+-CuBi2O4 for selective CPZ detection.

A highly porous sponge like cobalt oxide decorated Bauhinia vahlii dry fruits derived activated carbon composite (Co3O4@BVFC) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as-fabricated (Co3O4@BVFC/Ni foil) electrode was tested for supercapacitor (SC) applications.1 ​M KOH aqueous solution was used as electrolyte. The Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge – Discharge (GCD) techniques were adopted for the supercapacitor measurements. The as-fabricated Co3O4@BVFC/Ni electrode displayed a specific capacitance value of 653 ​F/g at 1 A/g. In addition, 91 % of capacitance retention achieved by Co3O4@ BVFC composite even after 8000 GCD cycles. Thus, Co3O4@BVFC with highly porous spongy microsphere morphology demonstrated itself as a suitable electrode material for supercapacitors.

Lymphangiomatous polyps are rare tumours present in head and neck. Squamous papilloma accounts for majority of benign lesions, whereas vascular tumours are rarely reported. Tonsillar lymphangiomatous polyp is an uncommon hamartomatous lesion that generally arise from tonsillar surface. We present a case of young adolescent female with right tonsillar mass, tonsillectomy performed and post operatively found to be lymphangiomatous polyp, which has been rarely reported.

Rare earth based orthoferrite ceramic presents diverse fascinating properties which focuses the current research work in the preparation of CeMnxFe1-xO3-δ (x = 0, 0.5 and 1) nanomaterials via sol-gel route in order to explore their structural, magnetic optical and electrical properties. The crystallite size and structural phase were determined by powder X-ray-diffraction technique (PXRD). The finger print regions of vibrational bands of CeMnxFe1-xO3-δ (x = 0, 0.5 and 1) were observed in the range of 300–700 cm−1 from FT-IR spectroscopic studies. The morphology of the synthesized nanomaterials was analyzed using HR-TEM, thus the planes obtained from the selected area diffraction pattern corresponding with the XRD phase confirmed the orthorhombic structure of the as synthesized materials. UV–Visible spectra exhibited two noticeable absorption bands in the ultraviolet region and the band gap was found to decrease on doping manganese content. Urbach energy calculated near first and second absorption peaks indicated the nanocrystalline nature of the materials. Further, the dielectric properties, conductivity and impedance analysis were determined. These results obtained demonstrate the physical properties of CeFeO3 system which could be tailored by the appropriate dopant for real-time applications.

This article examines the complexities in the lives of African-Americans. It discusses the psycho-social challenges they faced in the twentieth century and their relentless efforts to attain, secure and define a sense of dignity to lead their lives. It also discusses the vulnerability of their existence and the sad dilemma in which the blacks were caught. The play has been deliberately selected for investigation as Lorrane Hansberry depicts, very skillfully, not only the gaps and inconsistencies of the two generations, but also the clashes in their aspirations and values. These struggles and clashes are epitomized in Walter and Mama Lena in the play and are discussed, from various perspectives, in the present article. Offering background to both the writer and the play, the article explores how Hansberry juxtaposes these ideas; that is, Mama finding the freedom to be sufficient for her happiness; where as, her children perceiving money as the new path to provide sense of happiness. The rebellion of Beneatha against the African-American value system and her rejection of the ideals of the family as well as the aspirations of younger generation for self- fulfillment, the sufferings of older generations, the pain of racial discrimination and the struggles for gaining the rights and dignity also form the very important topics of discussion in the paper.