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Aim. To study the features of the use of thrombolytic therapy (TLT) in normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) in real clinical practice in Russian hospitals.Material and Methods. From 04/1 5/2018 to 04/15/2019 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of PE consistently were included in the Russian multicenter observational prospective register "SIRENA” (RusSIan REgistry of pulmoNAry embolism).Results. For 12 months in the registry was included 609 patients with a lifetime confirmed diagnosis of PE. TLT was performed in 152 patients with PE (25.0%), of which only 51 (33.8%) were indicated as "high risk" (shock or hypotension). In 101 not high risk patients, the indications for TLT were: severe shortness of breath/respiratory failure - 19 (18.8%), massive venous thrombosis - 7 (6.9%), signs of massive/submassive PE - 10 (9.9%), intermediate-high risk - 14 (13.9%), suspicion of acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation - 3 (2.9%), high pulmonary hypertension -2 (2.0%). The other 46 (45.5%) non-high-risk patients had no clear indication of the reasons for TLT in their medical history. To study the features of management of patients with not high-risk PE who received TLT (group 1), a selection of pairs of patients from the "SIRENA” registry, comparable in gender and age, in a ratio of 1:1 of patients with not high-risk PE who did not perform TLT (group 2). Hospital mortality was 4 (4%) patients in the TLT group and 6 (5.9%) patients in group 2 (р=0,748). Logistic regression analysis showed that floating blood clot in the veins of the lower extremities, syncopes in the debut of PE, respiratory rate over 22 per minute were independent clinical factors that significantly influence the doctor's decision to perform thrombolysis, and probability of completion TLT decreased in the presence of a history of bleeding, chronic kidney disease, surgery in the previous 12 months, increase in the size of the right atrium on EchoCG (statistical significance of the model x2=51.574; pConclusion. In real clinical practice, there is a high frequency of TLT in patients with not high-risk PE. Floating blood clot in the veins of the lower extremities, syncope in the debut of PE, respiratory rate over 22 per minute were independent clinical factors that significantly influence the doctor's decision to perform thrombolysis.

A protein dispersion of carbon nanotubes and the nanocomposite structures obtained by laser irradiation of this dispersion were shown to be biocompatible and long-lived. The dispersion and the nanocomposite structures were implanted in laboratory birds, and the histologic pattern at the site of implantation was studied. It was shown that in 35 days after implantation a connective tissue capsule was formed, and tissue strands grew into the liquid and solid implanted materials. In 90 days after implantation, continuation of this process led to bioresorption of the materials, mainly as a solid structure. A normal local inflammatory response was observed. It manifested itself as an accumulation of white blood cells, mainly of the lymphoid series, and in the formation of muscle fibers at the implantation site. Gradual resorption of the nanomaterials was observed against the background of a chronic inflammation, in the absence of changes in the health status of the laboratory birds.

The coating formation technique for artificial knee ligaments was proposed, which provided tight fixation of ligaments of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers as a result of the healing of the bone channel in the short-term period after implantation. The coating is a frame structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in a collagen matrix, which is formed by layer-by-layer solidification of an aqueous dispersion of SWCNT with collagen during spin coating and controlled irradiation with IR radiation. Quantum mechanical method SCC DFTB, with a self-consistent charge, was used. It is based on the density functional theory and the tight-binding approximation. The method established the optimal temperature and time for the formation of the equilibrium configurations of the SWCNT/collagen type II complexes to ensure maximum binding energies between the nanotube and the collagen. The highest binding energies were observed in complexes with SWCNT nanometer diameter in comparison with subnanometer SWCNT. The coating had a porous structure&mdash, pore size was 0.5&mdash, 6 &mu, m. The process of reducing the mass and volume of the coating with the initial biodegradation of collagen after contact with blood plasma was demonstrated. This is proved by exceeding the intensity of the SWCNT peaks G and D after contact with the blood serum in the Raman spectrum and by decreasing the intensity of the main collagen bands in the SWCNT/collagen complex frame coating. The number of pores and their size increased to 20 &mu, m. The modification of the PET tape with the SWCNT/collagen coating allowed to increase its hydrophilicity by 1.7 times compared to the original PET fibers and by 1.3 times compared to the collagen coating. A reduced hemolysis level of the PET tape coated with SWCNT/collagen was achieved. The SWCNT/collagen coating provided 2.2 times less hemolysis than an uncoated PET implant. MicroCT showed the effective formation of new bone and dense connective tissue around the implant. A decrease in channel diameter from 2.5 to 1.7 mm was detected at three and, especially, six months after implantation of a PET tape with SWCNT/collagen coating. MicroCT allowed us to identify areas for histological sections, which demonstrated the favorable interaction of the PET tape with the surrounding tissues. In the case of using the PET tape coated with SWCNT/collagen, more active growth of connective tissue with mature collagen fibers in the area of implantation was observed than in the case of only collagen coating. The stimulating effect of SWCNT/collagen on the formation of bone trabeculae around and inside the PET tape was evident in three and six months after implantation. Thus, a PET tape with SWCNT/collagen coating has osteoconductivity as well as a high level of hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility.

Objective: to study the combined use of first-trimester biochemical screening results and uterine artery pulsality index (PI) for inclusion in risk group for fetal growth restriction (FGR), improvement of pregnancy outcomes in women from the risk group for the development of FGR.Material and methods. The work is based on the results of studies conducted from 2009 to 2014 in the maternity unit of Republican Clinical Hospital № 2 MoH in the Republic of Tatarstan which is the clinical facility for the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1 of the Continuing Medical Education Institution “Kazan State Medical University” MoH RF, and maternity unit and prenatal clinic of the Volzhskaya Central City Hospital in the Mari El Republic. First-trimester biochemical screening results and uterine artery PI were the basis for the formation of FGR risk groups. Pregnancy and delivery outcomes in 156 pregnant women with a risk for the development of FGR and in 25 healthy controls were evaluated. In order to improve the placental blood flow based on the proven safety profile, all women with FGR received dipyridamole in the II trimester of pregnancy for at least 3 weeks.Conclusion: concomitant decrease in PAPP-A MoM and increase in uterine artery PI provide the most valuable information for forecasting FGR. Administration of dipyridamole by women with FGR helps to improve placental blood flow, prevents degenerative changes in the placenta, and promotes live births even in III degree FGR.

Natural regulatory autoantibodies (immunoglobulins G) are one of the tools of the immmune system to control antigen-molecular organism homeostasis. Taking into account transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins G, determination and analysis of autoantibodies concentration during pregnancy promotes understanding of the immunopathological processes underlying normal and impaired course of gestation. The subject of autoantibodies is becoming more relevant due to the paradigm shift in modern medicine: a turn from treatment to disease prevention. The review analyzes scientific research in which the concentration of various natural autoantibodies was studied to predict such obstetrical complications as massive bleeding, fetoplacental insufficiency, preeclampsia, delayed fetal growth, and miscarriage. Studies which allow suggesting fetus’s pathological condition and perinatal pathology based оn the woman’s blood concentration of some regulatory autoantibodies are of particular interest. Autoantibodies to total myelin protein, proteins S-100 (Soluble at 100% saturation - Ca-dependent regulator of cellular functions) and MP-65 (membrane protein), double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, β2-glycoprotein, cardiolipin, low-density lipoproteins, total phospholipids, chorionic gonadotropin, phosphatidylserine, prothrombin, angiotensin II, membrane antigens of platelets, kidneys and liver mitochondria, nervous tissue components NF-200 (axonal specific protein), and GFAP (astrocyte filament protein), and neuron-specific enolase were the most important for pregnancy. Study and systematic analysis of the dependence of normal gestational course from the certain regulatory antibodies concentration in prregnant woman’s blood facilitate searching new methods for the earliest detection and prevention of the pathology of pregnancy and fetus.

The volume structure of nanocomposites obtained by laser printing from water-collagen dispersions of carbon nanofibers was studied using X-ray microtomography. For the preparation of dispersions, ultrasonic homogenization methods were used. The concentration of the components was: bovine collagen −1 wt.%, nanofibres −0.01 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%. The experiments were carried out at a voltage on the cathode of an x-ray tube ∼30 kV, current strength −300 mA; the number of projections −3000 at the angle of rotation −0.1°. The porosity of the composites ranged from 25 to 35%. Closed pore spaces were mainly observed in the structure of composites (28%). The pore size (16–23 µm) depended on the size of the protein conglomerates. Using the same water-collagen dispersion of carbon nanofibers, a coating was formed on 2.5 mm wide polymer tapes, which were implanted by pressfit technique into a channel formed in the cancellous bone of laboratory animals. To study the structural reaction of the bone, a three-dimensional vi...

Anenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay known as ELI-TEST was applied in 388 pregnant women in the gestational complication risk group who were 11– 4 weeks into pregnancy for the purpose of determining the serum content of Ig G class/that bind to double-stranded DNA, β2-glycoprotein I (β2 GP), total phospholipids (TFL), HCG vasculopathy markers (ANCA), collagen (Coll), PAPP-A, and insulin (Ins). After standardizing groups, 80 pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were selected for analysis. Characteristic changes in the levels of autoantibodies accompanying IUGR of varying severity were identified which not only gives a more accurate understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease but also enables one to define IUGR risk groups in the early stages of pregnancy.

A combined analysis of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) values, human chorionic gonadotropin, and pulsation index of the uterine arteries was performed as part of a first trimester and serum content of eight regulatory autoantibodies screening. It was found that including autoantibodies to insulin, PAPP-A, and collagen into the analysis significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of the prognosis and could be employed to form an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) risk group.

The Butarny gold deposit is situated in the central part of the Khurchan-Orotukan Zone of tectonomagmatic activation, which is traced for 150 km in the near-meridional direction, and localized in the slightly eroded Late Jurassic granitoid stock of the same name. The explored orebodies are quartz veins and pinnate veinlets with low-grade pocket-disseminated sulfide (mainly arsenopyrite) mineralization containing native gold. The Bi-bearing gold-pyrite-arsenopyrite and the quartz-lollingite-arsenopyrite-stibnitejamesonite stages of the veined low-sulfide ore formation have been distinguished. The main mineral assemblage consists of arsenopyrite, native gold, and native bismuth. The minerals-carriers of gold were deposited during the final stage of ore-bearing quartz crystallization at 334−245°C from low-concentrated pneumatolytic-hydrothermal carbonated fluid containing CO2 and CH4 (5.8−2.2 and 1.6−0.5 mol/kg of solution, respectively). The ore-bearing fluid had variable salinity (5.3−2.2 wt % NaCl equiv). It is quite probable that the gas-saturated fluid participated in transport and precipitation of ore matter. Its density varies from 1.02 to 0.77 g/cm3. The pressure is estimated at 1600 to 780 bar. The fluid regime of ore formation at the Butarny deposit is similar to that of typical intrusion-related gold deposits. The Au tenor of beresitized granodiorite, numerous quartz veinlets, and extensive Au-bearing weathering mantle allow us to suggest stockwork mineralization.

The transformation of the mass spectra of the laser-desorbed C60 and C70 samples with a successive increase in the laser power, resulting in an increase in the degree of excitation of C60 (C70) and in the number of the particles in the laser plume, was studied. Unusual metastable clusters (C60 + C2) and (C70 + C2) are formed even at a minimum laser power and begin to dissociate after ∼0.5 μs following a short (3 ns) laser pulse. An increase in the laser power results in the appearance of peaks of metastable clusters C62 (C72) with the statistically normal lifetime without a delay of dissociation. A further increase in the laser power produces metastable clusters C60k–2n and C70k–2n (k = 2, 3) formed without a lag from the dimers and trimers of C60 (C70) by the ejection of a number of C2 required for the stabilization of the C2 molecules. The peak of C70 appears simultaneously with the appearance of the (C60)2–2n peaks upon the laser desorption of pure C60. These findings provide evidence for the growth of the excited fullerene clusters by coalescence and subsequent stabilization due to the ejection of a small fragment rather than by the implantation of C2 into the fullerene framework. This mechanism of cluster growth should be taken into consideration in modeling fullerene formation in an electric arc reactor, because the clusters formed under these conditions have a substantial excess internal energy.

The reaction of C 2 cluster addition to fullerene C 60 was studied using time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer with laser desorption (LD). Detailed investigations of metastable peaks in C 60 –C 62 mass region resulted in conclusion that primary adducts with formal C 62 composition, in contradiction to the existed conception, are unstable and decompose back to C 60 via C 2 losing. These adducts are most likely to have unclosed `ball-with-fork' structures, as revealed by quantum-chemical investigations of reaction of C 2 insertion into fullerene C 60 by PM3 method, and into model semi-sphere C 32 H 12 at B3LYP/6-31G* level.

N-(Tyrosyl)-N "-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,4-diaminobutane containing a Tyr residue connected with the photoreactive aryl azide group through a diaminobutylene linker was synthesized as a model for studying the photomodification of Tyr residues in proteins. This compound and the compound with a shorter, 1,2-diaminoethylene linker, obtained previously, were subjected to a computer modeling to find their minimal energy conformations. The aromatic rings of Tyr and 5-azido-2-nitrobenzoic acid residues in the latter compound were localized in parallel planes at a distance of approximately 0.3 nm between them and were shown to be implicated in stacking interaction. On the contrary, the planes of aromatic rings of the former compound with a longer diaminobutylene linker were found to be situated perpendicularly to each other, with the distance between the centers of the rings being approximately 0.6 nm. The computer analysis was confirmed by experimental results: when studying the photomodification of the compound with the diaminobutylene linker, neither stable products of the Tyr photomodification nor unstable products capable of transformation into stable products in the dark were found. On the contrary, such products were previously identified in the case of the compound with diaminoethylene linker. The formation of amino, nitro, azoxy and azo derivatives was common for the photomodification of both compounds.

The mechanism of action of p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) on Serratia marcescens nuclease was investigated. The analysis showed that PCMB forms complexes with DNA. Binding of C7H5O2Hg+ to DNA changes the secondary structure of the DNA. These changes alter the enzymatic activity of S. marcescens nuclease, which was previously found to be sensitive to the secondary structure of the substrates. The nuclease activity was either suppressed or stimulated in the presence of PCMB depending on the C7H5O2Hg+ to nucleotide equivalent ratio. Binding of C7H5O2Hg+ to DNA did not form an abortive enzyme–substrate complex. Binding of Mg2+ to the C7H5O2Hg–DNA complex caused appropriate changes in secondary structure of the substrate. Since Mg2+ and C7H5O2Hg+, though differing in the type of metal cation, are similar in their mechanisms of influence on enzymatic activity of S. marcescens nuclease, the identity of other metal-containing effectors in their mechanism of action on Serratia marcescens nuclease is assumed.

The Butarny deposit is characterized by the development of mineralization of gold-quartz and gold-rare metal mineral associations related to Late Cretaceous granitoid magmatism and metasomatism imposed during the Late Jurassic tectonomagmatic epoch. Ores on the Butarnoe site were formed during the vein quartz-sulphide stage and partially oxidized in a zone of hypergenesis. The gold found there is fine-grained and is also related to arsenopyrite and scorodite and, to a lower degree, to quartz and iron hydroxide

Известно, что беременность у женщин с отягощенным акушерским анамнезом (ОАА) (самопроизвольный выкидыш, неразвивающаяся беременность, антенатальная гибель плода в анамнезе) нередко осложняется развитием плацентарной недостаточности, приводит к задержке развития плода, внутриутробной гипоксии и гибели плода, нарушениям развития новорожденного. Изучение причин, лежащих в основе патологии беременности, а также совершенствование тактики ведения беременности у данной категории женщин имеет большое значение. Исследования последних лет свидетельствуют об участии патологических аутоиммунных процессов в формировании нарушений маточно-плацентарного кровотока у беременных с ОАА. Доказана патологическая роль избыточной продукции аутоантител (а-АТ) к фосфолипидам (А.А.Мерзлякова, А.Ф.Добротина, 2002), нативной и денатурированной ДНК для развития беременности (Н.Е.Ястребова и соавт, 1987; R.Schwarts, 1986). Проводятся исследования, посвященные различным проблемам иммунопатологии беременности (А.Б.Полетаев, 2001). Тем не менее множество вопросов, касающихся иммунологических аспектов беременности, остается мало изученными. Целью данной работы явился анализ значимости изменений сывороточного содержания ряда а-АТ для оценки риска развития плацентарной недостаточности, а также оптимизация ведения беременных женщин с ОАА.Полученные данные показали связь аутоиммунных нарушений с параметрами гемостаза, что представляет не только теоретический, но и практический интерес, так как применение фраксипарина дает реальную возможность улучшить исход беременности для матери и плода у женщин с ОАА.

The present study included a total of 66 children at the age from 11 to 16 years with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The latter condition in the childhood and adolescence is characterized by the pronounced disturbances of basal metabolism, vasoactive systems, psychoemotional status, and regulatory hormonal functions that determine the choice of rehabilitative modalities. The combined treatment of such disturbances is considered to be an efficacious method for the rehabilitation of these patients. It is recommended that cortexin be prescribed to the children presenting with obesity and metabolic syndrome because this medication promotes correction of the hormonal and metabolic status and improves the brain cognitive function.

A total of 120 children at the age of 10-15 years presenting with class I-II obesity were available for observation. Fifty two of them suffered diffuse non-toxic goiter. The combination of obesity and diffuse non-toxic goiter was associated with excessive body weight, insulin resistance, disturbances of lipid metabolism, and impaired tolerance of physical exercises. Differential therapeutic complexes have been proposed for the treatment of the children with diffuse nontoxic goiter. Their application was shown to induce positive dynamics of clinical conditions and laboratory characteristics of the patients.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to study certain enzyme immunoassay steps for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Physical adsorption of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), blocking of surface active sites free of antibodies by neutral proteins, and capture of HBsAg particles by sensitized surfaces were visualized successively in microplate wells of standard immunological plates from various manufacturers. The previously undescribed details such as “etching holes” up to 20 nm in depth were observed on the surface of plates some companies. The quantitative relationships between the optical density (OD) values obtained by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the number of antigen–antibody complexes in AFM were calculated.

Intact chloroplasts were prepared from protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens according to an especially developed method. They were additionally separated into stroma and thylakoid fractions. The proteomes of intact plastids, stroma, and thylakoids were analyzed by 1D-electrophoresis under denaturing conditions followed by protein digestion and nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS of tryptic peptides from gel bands. A total of 624 unique proteins were identified, 434 of which were annotated as chloroplast resident proteins. The majority of proteins belonged to a photosynthetic group (21.3%) and to the group of proteins implicated in protein degradation, posttranslational modification, folding, and import (20.6%). Among proteins assigned to chloroplasts, the following groups are prominent combining proteins implicated in metabolism of: amino acids (6.9%), nucleotides (2.5%), lipids (2.2%), carbohydrates (2.4%), hormones (1.5%), isoprenoids (1.25%), vitamins and cofactors (1%), sulfur (1.25%), and nitrogen (1%); as well as proteins involved in the pentose-phosphate cycle (1.75%), tetrapyrrole synthesis (3.7%), and redox processes (3.6%). The data can be used in physiological and photobiological studies as well as in further studies of P. patens chloroplast proteome including structural and functional specifics of plant protein localization in organelles.

The objective of the study was to evaluate results of non-medicamental treatment of 167 children with obesity taking into account dynamics of annual rhythms of their clinical, hormonal, metabolic, and psychological characteristics. The period from August till November was shown to be especially favourable in terms of body weight loss, improvement of hormonal, metabolic, and psychic status. Analysis of these changes permitted to correct the proposed mode of combined therapy of obesity during the period from December till July.

N-(Tyrosyl)-N'-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, containing a Tyr residue connected with the photoreactive aryl azide group through the diaminobutylene linker, was synthesized as a model for studying the photomodification of Tyr residues in proteins. This compound and the compound with a shorter, 1,2-diaminoethylene linker, obtained previously, were subjected to computer modeling to find their minimal-energy conformations. The aromatic rings of Tyr and 5-azido-2-nitrobenzoic acid residues in the latter compound were localized in parallel planes at a distance of approximately 0.3 nm between them and were shown to be implicated in stacking interactions. On the contrary, the planes of aromatic rings of the former compound with a longer, diaminobutylene linker were found to be situated perpendicularly to each other, with the distance between the centers of the rings being approximately 0.6 nm. The computer analysis was confirmed by experimental results: when studying the photomodification of the compound with the diaminobutylene linker, neither stable products of the Tyr photomodification nor unstable products capable of transformation into stable products in the dark were found. On the contrary, such products were previously identified in the case of the compound with diaminoethylene linker. The formation of amino, nitro, azoxy, and azo derivatives was common for the photomodification of both compounds.

Blood samples taken from 231 native inhabitants of the village of Mendur-Sokkon located in the Republic of Altai (South-Western Siberia, Russia) were tested for the presence of virus hepatitis B (HBV) markers. 31 samples (13.4%) were found to contain HBsAg, 111 samples (48.05%) were found to contain total anti-HBc antibodies, 123 samples (53.24%) were found to contain anti-HBs antibodies and 15 blood samples (6.49%), anti-HBc antibodies without anti-HBs antibodies and HBsAg. The age-dependent distribution of the occurrence of HBV markers among the aboriginal population of the South Altal remained unchanged (69.9 +/- 7.9%) for the last 50 years. The vertical and horizontal routes of HBV transmissions were noted. The data obtained in this study are indicative of a highly endemic character of HBV of the territory of Mendur-Sokkon. HBsAg-positive blood samples were taken for HBsAg subtyping with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Two subtypes of HBsAg were detected: ayw1-2 and ayw3varB with the occurrence of 92.6% and 7.4%, i.e. distributed in the ratio 25/2.

The mechanism of action of p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) on Serratia marcescens nuclease was investigated. The analysis showed that PCMB forms complexes with DNA. Binding of C7H5O2Hg+ to DNA changes the secondary structure of the DNA. These changes alter the enzymatic activity of S. marcescens nuclease, which was previously found to be sensitive to the secondary structure of the substrates. The nuclease activity was either suppressed or stimulated in the presence of PCMB depending on the C7H5O2Hg+ to nucleotide equivalent ratio. Binding of C7H5O2Hg+ to DNA did not form an abortive enzyme-substrate complex. Binding of Mg2+ to the C7H5O2Hg-DNA complex caused appropriate changes in secondary structure of the substrate. Since Mg2+ and C7H5O2Hg+, though differing in the type of metal cation, are similar in their mechanisms of influence on enzymatic activity of S. marcescens nuclease, the identity of other metal-containing effectors in their mechanism of action on Serratia marcescens nuclease is assumed.