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Introduction. Over the past 5 years, signifi cant progress has been achieved in the treatment of patients with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Treatment results were compared between two protocols of the Russian multicenter studies «ALL-2009» and «ALL-2016», in which multicomponent high-dose consolidation was not used. The principle of continuity of treatment was observed with modifi cation of doses of cytostatic drugs depending on the depth of cytopenia.Aim – to compare the 5-year results of two studies and to determine the factors of unfavorable prognosis in the treatment of patients with ALL.Materials and methods. The studies were performed from April 2009 to April 2016 (ALL-2009) and from April 2016 to September 2021 (ALL-2016), and 596 patients were included: 330 in ALL-2009 and 266 in ALL-2016. The analysis was performed in March 2022. The median age of patients in ALL-2009 was 28 years (15–55), in ALL-2016 – 32.5 years (18–55). Cytogenetic studies were performed in 242 patients in ALL-2009 (73.3 %) and 236 patients in ALL-2016 (88.7 %). Patients in the ALL-2016 protocol underwent a centralized assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) by fl ow cytometry on protocol +70 day (after completion of two induction phases), +133 and +190 days. Transplantation of allogeneic stem hematopoietic cells was performed in 7 % of patients in ALL-2009 and in 9 % in ALL-2016.Results. Overall, relapse-free survival (OS, RFS) and the probability of relapse for a period of 3 years from the moment of inclusion of patients in a particular study were 59 %, 63 % and 23 % for ALL-2009, and for ALL-2016 – 64 %, 59 % and 22 %, respectively. For patients with B-cell precursor ALL, two cytogenetic risk groups were formed, in which long-term survival rates differed signifi cantly: the standard group (hyperploid set of chromosomes and normal karyotype) – OS 63 %, RFS 70 %, and high cytogenetic risk (any abnormal karyotype, except for hyperploidy) – OS 49 %, RFS 52 % (р = 0.001, р = 0.0014). In T-ALL, cytogenetic markers had no prognostic value, but the immunophenotype of early T-cell precursor turned out to be an important predictor of poor prognosis (the probability of relapse was 52 % compared with 15 % for all other immunophenotypic variants). According to the results of centralized monitoring of MRD, it was determined that for B-cell precursor ALL, the signifi cant negative factors are the high cytogenetic risk group and positive MRD status at +70 day, and for T-cells, the early immunophenotype and positive MRD status at +133 day.

This article considers the impact of changes in the natural environment on historical processes that took place in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine in the XI—V centuries BC. It is determined that one of the main reasons for the emergence of large Scythian settlements was a natural factor. Changes in climatic conditions in the steppe zone led to the almost complete outflow of population from its territory in the XI—V centuries BC. The establishment of a more favorable climate in the south of Ukraine, which began in the VII century BC, led to an increase in the population in the forest-steppe zone and the emergence of large Scythian settlements on its territory. The article also considers the question of the emergence and functioning of the main trade routes that existed in the Northern Black Sea region at that time. South Bug, Dnieper and Don rivers were used as trade routes beginning ХV century BC. The Scythian penetration to forest-steppe zone and the construction of big sites of settlements started before the start opening the north coastal Black Sea territory by Greek colonists. The Scythians appeared in the forest-steppe zone in the first half to mid- VII century, and the Greek opening of the coastal areas starts at the end of VII century BC. That time the South Bug, Dnieper and Don rivers became waterways connecting North Black sea area with central East Europe and Baltic countries. It were the estuaries of these rivers where appeared the biggest early Greek settlements: Berezan at the Bug and Dnieper estuary’s conjunction and Taganrog at the Don estuary. In the VII—V centuries South Bug was the main trade route. This point is supported by the fact that the Olvia state capital-Olvia city was established on the right bank of the Bug estuary. The Greek centers exported to these areas, possibly ceramics, vine, olive oil, jewelry etc. These are the ceramic residuals which make it possible to determine the big Scythian settlements lifetime. Greek traders as reported ancient authors imported from forest-steppe areas, where these settlements were established, cattle, slaves, copper, furs, wax, salted fish, amber etc. The climate improvement at the North Black Sea area started opening of these unsettled steppe areas. This process resulted in gradual decadence of big Scythian settlements. The Grate Scythian center moves to the lower reach of Dneaper river, which followed by main trade route transfer to that exact river. So the natural factor seriously influenced the South Black Sea areas historical processes in the VII—V centuries BC.

A solution is found by the method of perturbations with an accuracy up to values of the second order of smallness, which describes the state of an inhomogeneous elastoplastic thick-walled pipe under the action of compressive forces. Deviations of the contour of the cross-section of the pipe from the circumference and inhomogeneity of the material are characterized by independent small parameters. A condition is obtained under which, in the case of an experimental analysis of the pipe state, the average values of stresses and displacements will be close to those in the axisymmetric state.

Background . Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant diseases in men worldwide, with over 1.1 million cases of PCa reported annually. In the Russian Federation, the proportion of patients with stage I—II PCa from 2008 to 2018 increased from 37.6 % to 56 %, which in turn allows more and more patients to perform radical treatment methods. However, it should be noted that the number of patients with both recurrent PCa after radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy) and with local recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RPE) is steadily increasing. Objective . Improve treatment outcomes for patients with recurrent PCa. Materials and methods. A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center — branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, since 2016, has been treating patients with recurrent PCa using salvage high-dose brachytherapy (SHDR) (192Ir) after radical radiation treatment (EBRT, brachytherapy) or with local recurrence after RPE. Patients with recurrent PCa were divided into three groups, depending on the type of initial radical treatment: patients with recurrent disease after RPE, after EBRT and after brachytherapy. Results . The most favorable results of SHDR were registered in the group of patients with local recurrence after RPE: in 7 patients out of 8 (87 %), one year after the PSA, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was less than 0.1 ng/mL. In 1 patient, the PSA level dropped to 0.71 ng/mL (baseline 2.47 ng/mL) two years after salvage treatment. Currently, there is a further decrease in PSA levels. Results after SHDR ( 192 Ir) in patients with relapse after EBRT: of 8 patients, 2 (25 %) had PSA levels less than 0.2 ng/mL after a year. In 4 patients, the PSA level two years after treatment was more than 2.0 ng/mL. In these patients, a relapse was registered. Another 2 patients also had a repeated relapse after SHDR. The following results were obtained after carrying out SHDR in patients with relapse after braahythempy (both low- and high-dose). Of the 12patients, 7patients (58 %) had PSA levels less than 0.5 ng/mL two years after SHDR. SHDR was performed in the mode of two fractions of 12.5 Gyerahwith an interval of two weeks between them. In 3 patients, the PSA level exceeded 0.5 ng/ mL two years after the salvage treatment, and therefore, a second relapse is determined in them. Another 2 patients also had a repeated relapse. Conclusion . This article provides preliminary results of our research. We would like to reiterate that as possible options for the treatment of local recurrence of PCa, it is possible to choose salvage prostatectomy, salvage radiation therapy, hormonal therapy or SHDR brachytherapy. In some cases EBRT is used in this category of patients, however, this can lead to the development of severe radiation damage. The choice of a treatment method in case of recurrent PCa is a complex problem, the decision of which is based on many factors. The clinical course of PCa, the prevalence of the disease, the level of markers, and molecular genetic data are taken into account.

The pattern of the interaction between powder particles and metal vapors is developed. To ensure a guaranteed supply of PAs to the heated region with the use of laser irradiation, a model for theoretically analyzing the motion paths of PA particles carried to the zone of construction with a gas jet in 3D Metal Printing is proposed.

Currently, the main pathogenetic method for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is the treatment with recombinant monoclonal antibodies that block the C5 component of the complement system. Eculizumab is the first biotechnological drug, which is a monoclonal antibody, with proven clinical efficacy and safety for the treatment of patients with PNH, which is used in world clinical practice. In Russia, in the framework of the state program Development of the pharmaceutical and medical industry for 20132020 was developed Elizaria (JSC GENERIUM) the first biosimilar of the original drug eculizumab.To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, as well as safety and immunogenicity parameters of the drug Elizara in the induction phase of therapy in previously untreated patients with PNH.The study included 11 patients with PNH aged 26 to 75 years who had not previously received eculizumab. Each of the study participants was injected with the studied drug Elizaria at a dose of 600 mg intravenously once a week for 4 weeks.During the clinical study, it was noted that the concentration of the studied drug significantly increased by the time the infusion was completed and then gradually decreased to a minimum at the end of the dosing interval. The average concentration of eculizumab 5 minutes before the administration of the study drug at all visits exceeded 35 g/ml, the minimum concentration sufficient to completely inhibit intravascular hemolysis in patients with PNH. The pharmacodynamic efficacy of the drug Elizaria was confirmed by a decrease in the concentration of the membrane-attack complex (MAC) after the first infusion of the drug was maintained at stable levels until visit 5. A persistent decrease in the level of MAC and a four-fold decrease in the average values of lactate dehydrogenase to visit 5 from 1286.4 to 280.9 U/l demonstrated a marked decrease in activity and stabilization of the hemolytic process against the background of the induction of therapy with Elizaria at a dose of 600 mg once a week and confirmed the effecacy of the study drug. Among the 9 adverse events, only 5 had a relationship with the studied drug, including one serious adverse event in the form of an allergic reaction, which, according to the researcher, had a possible cause-effect relationship with the infusion of the studied drug. In 2 patients, low-titer binding anti-drug antibodies were detected without neutralizing activity during treatment with the studied drug, which may indicate its low immunogenicity.The study evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug Elizaria in the regimen of induction therapy in previously untreated patients with PNH, confirming its efficacy. The study demonstrated the safety and low immunogenicity of the study drug.В настоящее время основным патогенетическим методом лечения пароксизмальной ночной гемоглобинурии (ПНГ) является терапия рекомбинантными моноклональными антителами, блокирующими С5-компонент системы комплемента. Экулизумаб первый биотехнологический лекарственный препарат, являющийся моноклональным антителом, с доказанной клинической эффективностью и безопасностью для лечения больных ПНГ, который используется в мировой клинической практике. В России в рамках реализации государственной программы Развитие фармацевтической и медицинской промышленности на 20132020 гг. разработан препарат Элизария (АО ГЕНЕРИУМ) первый биоаналог оригинального препарата экулизумаб. Цель. Изучение фармакокинетических и фармакодинамических показателей, а также параметров безопасности и иммуногенности препарата Элизария в фазе индукции терапии у ранее не леченных больных ПНГ. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 11 пациентов с ПНГ в возрасте от 26 до 75 лет, ранее не получавших экулизумаб. Каждому из участников исследования вводили исследуемый препарат Элизария в дозе 600 мг внутривенно капельно один раз в неделю в течение 4 нед. Результаты. В ходе клинического исследования отмечено, что концентрация исследуемого препарата значительно увеличивается к моменту окончания инфузии и далее постепенно снижается до минимума в конце интервала дозирования. Средние значения концентрации экулизумаба за 5 мин до введения исследуемого препарата на всех визитах превышали 35 мкг/мл, минимальную концентрацию, достаточную для полного ингибирования внутрисосудистого гемолиза у больных ПНГ. Фармакодинамическая эффективность препарата Элизария подтверждалась снижением концентрации мембраноатакующего комплекса (МАК) после окончания первой инфузии препарата с поддержанием ее на стабильных уровнях до визита 5. Стойкое снижение концентрации МАК и четырехкратное снижение средних значений лактатдегидрогеназы к визиту 5 с 1286,4 до 280,9 Ед/л демонстрировало выраженное снижение активности и стабилизацию гемолитического процесса в результате индукции терапии препаратом Элизария в дозе 600 мг один раз в неделю и подтверждало эффективность исследуемого препарата. Из 9 нежелательных явлений только 5 имели связь с применением исследуемого препарата, включая одно серьезное в виде аллергической реакции, имевшее, по мнению исследователя, возможную причинно-следственную связь с инфузией исследуемого препарата. У 2 больных выявлены связывающие антилекарственные антитела в низком титре без нейтрализующей активности во время лечения исследуемым препаратом, что может свидетельствовать о его низкой иммуногенности. Заключение. В ходе исследования оценены фармакокинетические и фармакодинамические свойства препарата Элизария в режиме индукции терапии у ранее не леченных больных ПНГ, подтверждающие его эффективность. В исследовании продемонстрированы безопасность и низкая иммуногенность исследуемого препарата.

The correct determination of the blood types of the recipient and the donor is very importante for the choice of blood components for transfusion. As a result of the study, it was established that 18.0% of patients, admitted to the hematology clinic, have difficulties in interpreting of the results of immunohematological tests. Most often, a double population of red blood cells was detected when determining antigens of the Rhesus system (10.9%), auto- (3.9%) and alloantibodies (2.8%). The proposed algorithm for the selection of donor red blood cells in difficult diagnostic cases helps to prevent the development of post-transfusion complications.

Aim. To analyze the regularities of the prevalence of allergic diseases in patients of different age groups. Materials and methods. Epidemiological indices of allergic diseases were studied in children, adolescents, adults and elderly persons using official statistical data. Results. The general and primary morbidity, allergopathology structure and its dynamics were evaluated in patients of different age groups. The data, obtained in Perm Krai and the Russian Federation, were compared. Conclusions. The level of atopic dermatitis (AD) is the highest in children, allergic rhinitis (AR) – in adolescents, bronchial asthma (BA) – in adolescents and elderly persons. The cases of BA prevail in the structure of allergopathology in all age groups, besides children. Among children AD cases make 50.5 % of all allergic diseases. In dynamics, AD has a tendency to reduction of general morbidity in all age groups, BA – in children; a tendency to elevation is typical for AR in children and adolescents, BA – in adolescents, adults and elderly persons.

The medical personnel of mobile teams of emergency medical care are exposed to factors of working environment that affect health state and results in development of occupational diseases. The purpose of study is to analyze morbidity of medical personnel of mobile teams of emergency medical care according data of temporary disability and results of medical check-ups. The analysis was made according information from certificates of incapacity for work and the final acts of periodic medical examinations for five-year period. The study established significant increase of rate and duration of primary and general morbidity with increase of age and length of service of workers, higher susceptibility to diseases of physicians as compared with paramedics and employees of pediatric teams and specialists of other clinical profiles. In the structure of morbidity according to results of medical examinations, diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus, the circulatory system and the musculo-skeletal system prevailed.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of carcinoerembryonic antigen in patients with rectal cancer and correlate its baseline with the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Materials and methods. An estimate of the informative value of carcinoerembryonic antigen (CEA) indices in 179 patients with colorectal cancer determined before and after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in SOD 50 Gy.Results. Analysis of the results presented in the study showed that in all patients, CRT caused a significant decrease in the level of CEA (–71%) 10 weeks after its end (p < 0.001). In the course of the pathomorphological study, after the neoadjuvant treatment, the first degree of tumor pathomorphism was recorded in 4.5% of patients, II – 38.5%, III – 45%, IV – 12% (the degree of pathomorphosis is not related to the clinical stage and the degree of differentiation of colorectal cancer). It was revealed that patients with III and IV degrees of therapeutic pathomorphosis initially had a CEA level lower, in comparison with patients with grade I-II. Clinical progression of the disease is diagnosed in 24% of cases (43/179). It was noted that in patients with the IV degree of therapeutic pathomorphism of the tumor, no recurrence of the rectal cancer was detected in either case.Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the problem of individual prediction of the effectiveness of combined treatment of the rectal cancer remains very relevant, rather complicated and yet not completely solved. However, it can be assumed that the use of such an indicator as CEA in monitoring patients after the treatment, can serve as a criterion for the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to CRT. Initially low antigen level can be considered as a positive factor of tumor response to ongoing treatment and disease-free survival of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

The heteromolecular insertion of carbon dioxide in combination with heterocumulenes, iso(thio)cyanates or N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, into rhenium–alkoxy group bond was accomplished for the first time in relation to reactivity of rhenium oxoalkoxides. The ease of combined insertion of iso(thio)cyanate and carbon dioxide into Re–O(Me) bond is determined by the nature of the heterocumulene organic group. Indeed, if ethyl iso(thio)cyanate is used in the reaction, the insertion is reversible, whereas the reaction with PhNCS (unlike PhNCO) together with carbon dioxide leads to complete insertion into two Re–O(R) bonds to give the insertion product (OMe)10O6Re4[OC(O){N(Ph)C(S)}2-OMe]2. In similar reactions carried out with N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a dependence of the number of bonds participating in the inner-sphere condensation of the inserted moieties on the duration of the experiment was found for the first time. An increase in the time of synthesis from 3 to 5 h results in insertion involving six rather than three bonds, the heteromolecular insertion products being (OMe),O6Re4{OC(O)[(Hex)N=C=N(Hex)]2}3 and (OMe)6O6Re4{OC(O)[(Hex)N=C=N(Hex)]2}6, respectively.

Using data obtained from domestic and foreign sources, we formed a set of primers and fluorogenic probes for analyzing twenty-six specific sequence polymorphisms and one reference gene. In the course of evaluating the effectiveness of real-time PCR, using the example of one of the markers (S01a), we obtained the optimal amount of DNA per reaction (70 ng), providing a resolution of at least 0.1% of the method with the ability to estimate linear chimerism. Formed panel of primers for genetic polymorphisms - InDel has a high degree of informational content for donor-recipient pairs of Russia. From January 2018 to June 2019, a quantitative assessment of the level of linear (CD3 +, CD34 +) and general chimerism was carried out for 28 patients of the clinic of the Institution. Finally, we analyzed patients who received allografts and present 4 different clinical situations that illustrate the informativity level of this method.

Modeling systems with piecewise constant parameters imposes special requirements on the computational algorithms used. In places where the parameters are discontinuous, the model variables may experience discontinuities or smoothness disturbances. In this case, the conditions for matching the values of the variables on both sides of the discontinuity boundary, reflecting the physical conditions at this boundary, must be satisfied. The paper proposes computational algorithms for modeling these systems, based on the formulation of the initial initial-boundary value problem in the form of a system of partial differential equations for generalized functions. In this case, the initial conditions, conditions on the external and internal boundaries are included in these equations in a weak form. The latter circumstance makes it possible to avoid the need to subordinate the basis functions, according to which the desired solution is expanded, to the conditions on the outer and inner boundaries, which is an important circumstance, especially for problems with many spatial variables. The paper presents a solution to the generalized Riemann problem with conditions on the outer or inner boundary for a differential equation with second-order derivatives with respect to spatial variables. The solution to the Riemann problem is based on the formulation of the problem in the form of a partial differential equation for generalized functions and the construction of a fundamental solution to the problem operator. When constructing a computational algorithm, the solution of the generalized Riemann problem is used on the inner and outer boundaries. The proposed technique allows, by using high-degree polynomials as basis functions, to build computational algorithms of a high order of approximation.

The review is dedicated to the analysis of ecological aspects of pollen allergy (pollinosis). The characteristic of pollen as a natural aerosol component is given. The information related to aeropalinological monitoring and its importance in public health service is presented. The peculiarity of this pathology is its regional variety associated with differences in plant species compositions and pollen periods. The problem of immune response formation to pollen has been studied most profoundly. At that it is known that sensibilization is not always associated with clinical signs. Russian and foreign data about correlation studies between the pollen quantity and the disorder symptom load are discussed. It is shown that there is no decisive answer to the question about threshold pollen counts of certain plants and its impact on different stages of respiratory diseases. The detailed analysis of the correlation between the symptoms and quantitative variables of pollen allergens may provide useful information for risks evaluation of disease exacerbation as well as for tactics elaboration of hypoallergic measures. This is a cross-disciplinary issue involving allergology, aerobiology and ecology. The perspective of further development of this subject in order to obtain more accurate vision of the reasons, mechanisms and patterns of all parts of multifactorial process of pollinosis formation is discussed.

It has been proposed to conduct the synthesis of cerium(III) orthophosphates by reacting cerium(IV) compounds with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of concentrated orthophosphoric acid at ambient temperature. It has been shown that the reaction of H2O2 with CeO2 suspensions in H3PO4 medium produces CePO4 · xH2O (rhabdophane structure), while that with CeO2 solutions in concentrated H3PO4 results in CePO4 (monazite structure).

An approximation of matrix Green’s function for a hyperbolic system of linear differential equations of the first order has been created. An algorithm for an approximate solution of the generalized Riemann problem of discontinuity decay in the presence of additional conditions at the boundaries has been proposed. A computational algorithm for the approximate solution of boundary value problems for hyperbolic systems of equations has been set up on the basis of these solutions. The algorithm is implemented for a system of equations describing the propagation of elastic waves in a block-fractured medium. The results of the numerical experiments aimed at studying the possible mechanisms of propagation of elastic waves to a considerable depth without scattering have been presented.

The correlation of gene polymorphisms rs4025935 (large deletion), rs1695 (313A>G), rs71748309 (large deletion), and rs1800566 (609C>T) of GSTM1, GSTT1, and NQO1 genes encoding glutathione-S-transferases (GST) M1, P1, and T1 and NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase with the risk of development of classical Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis) was studied in the Caucasian ethnicity population of Vyatka region of the Russian Federation. It was found that NQO1*609T allele, NQO1*609T genotypes, and homozygous carriage of a deletion (null) allele of GSTT1 gene are associated with the risk of development of myeloproliferative neoplasms (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.02-1.64, p=0.04; OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.04-1.85, p=0.03; and OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.03-2.12, p=0.03, respectively). However, no influence of GSTM1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of development of myeloproliferative disorders was registered.

Antibiotic tolerance (AT) represents one of the causes of the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance that allows escape of non-replicating metabolically inert microorganisms (persisters) from any antibiotics attack because molecular targets of antibiotics are lacking thereby creating the potential for chronic infections.Determine the heterogeneity of the strains of opportunistic pathogens E. coli and P. aeruginosa isolates from children with hematologic malignancies containing bacterial persisters that cause the AT phenomenon.Children with hematological malignancies were divided into 2 groups according to the intensity of antibiotic treatment of infectious complications. Ciprofloxacin-induced persisters were quantitatively determined in the biological materials obtained from sick children.Within the clinical isolates of E. coli and P. aeruginosa, about a third of the strains belong to high-persisting. The numbers of persistent forms of bacteria did not correlate with a minimal inhibitory concentration values ciprofloxacin (r=0.148, n=25, p0.05). Interestingly, higher level of formation of persistent E. coli and P. aeruginosa, is associated with higher frequencies of infection attacks, massive antibiotic use and unfavorable course of the disease in children.Therefore, detecting the persistent forms of bacterial pathogens including those associated with the health-care associated infection, specifically, in immunocompromised patients, should be included into the contemporary algorithms of microbiological observation and monitoring of patients and intrahospital environment.

Reactions of the higher molybdenum and tungsten chlorides with phenyl isothiocyanate or with N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and carbon dioxide in dichloroethane are the first to demonstrate the possibility of insertion of carbon dioxide in combination with other heterocumulenes into transition metal-halogen bonds. IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis data show that the reactions result in the attachment of the ligands at the same metal-chlorine bond and the formation of heteromolecular insertion products with the compositions $$\left[ {MoOCl_3 \left\{ {N\left( {Ph} \right)C\left( S \right)} \right\}_2 Nc\left( {Me} \right)Cl} \right]$$ and $$MCl_x \left\{ {OC\left( O \right)\left[ {\left( {Hex} \right)NCN\left( {Hex} \right)} \right]_2 } \right\}Cl,$$ where x = 4 and 5 for the Mo and W derivatives, respectively.

A new approach to complex chromatographic determination of the adulteration of dairy products was proposed, based on the determination of not only the total fatty acid composition but also the composition of the sterol fraction and the concentration of trans-isomers of fatty acids. Procedures for the chromatographic identification of low-fat dairy products were developed, including the extraction of a water-milkalcohol emulsion with a hexane-ether mixture followed by the chromatographic determination of the sterol fraction and trans-isomers.

Preparations of peroxotalc containing up to 6% Oact have been synthesized and studied by vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman), X-ray diffraction, and TGA. The stability of the compounds on storage and heating under iso- and polythermal conditions has been studied. The presence of peroxo groups was confirmed spectroscopically.

The article considers behavior of elastic strip in the framework of plane strain under compression. Conditions are formulated in integral form on the boundaries where the forces are imposed. All the boundary conditions are imposed on the boundary of the body in the strained state, which is necessary for investigating the continuous dependence of the solution to the corresponding task on the functions describing the difference between the shape of cross-section of the strip and a rectangle. The study of the analyticity of the problem solution with respect to small near zero parameters is carried out. The solution is found by perturbation method up to the first order of terms.

MG1655 of Escherichia coli K-12 is frequently used in metabolic engineering as the wild-type strain. However, its two mutations, ilvG and rph-1 provide a negative effect on culture growth. The "polar effect" of rph-1 decreases the level of pyrE expression, causing partial auxotrophy for pyrimidines. Mutation ilvG leading to the appearance of Val(S) phenotype causes retardation of cell growth rate on media containing amino acids. In this work, the substitution of two loci in the genome of MG1655 with the recovery of the wild-type phenotype was accomplished. Gene rph(wt) from the chromosome of E. coli TG1 was marked via Red-dependent integration of DNA fragment carrying lambda attL-Cm(R)-lambda attR and transduced with phage P1 into MG1655; later, the Cm(R) marker was removed with the use of lambda Xis/Int recombinase. Parallel to this procedure, a spontaneous Val(R) mutant of E. coli MG1655 yielding colonies of maximal size on M9 medium with glucose in the presence of Val (50 microg/ml) was isolated. It was shown that a nucleotide deletion in the isolated Val(R) strain had been generated in the region of the identified E. coli K-12 ilvG mutation, which led to the recovery of the reading frame and active protein synthesis. This mutation named ilvG-15, which is the only reason for the Val(R) phenotype in the obtained strain, was transferred to MG1655-rph(wt) using cotransduction, by analogy to the transfer of rph(wt). Evaluation of rates of aerobically growing cells (microm, hour(-1)) on M9 medium with glucose produced the following values: 0.56, 0.69, and 0.73 for strains MG1655, MG1655-rph(wt), and MG1655-(rph(wt), ilvG-15), respectively.

PykF is one of two pyruvate kinases in Escherichia coli K-12. λPL was convergently integrated into the chromosome of the MG1655 strain, downstream of pykF, face-to-face with its native promoter. In the presence of λcIts857, efficient pykF ts-silencing was achieved when the 5′-terminus of the PL-originated antisense RNA (asRNA), consisting of the rrnG-AT sequence, converted elongation complexes of RNA polymerase to a form resistant to Rho-dependent transcription termination. pykF silencing was detected by the following features: (a) impaired growth of the strain when pykA was also disrupted and when using ribose as a non-phosphotransferase system-transporting carbon source; (b) a pattern of reduced synthesis of the full-sized pykF mRNA, mediated by reverse transcription PCR, and (c) a significant decrease in PykF activity. The advantages of anti-terminated convergent transcription were clearly manifested in the strains where the rho_a-terminator was inserted specifically to interrupt asRNA synthesis. Most likely, the target gene was silenced by transcriptional interference due to collisions between converging RNA polymerases, although, strictly, the role of cis-asRNA effects could not be excluded. While details of the mechanisms have yet to be determined, anti-terminated convergent transcription is a promising new technique for silencing other target genes.

We have developed a simple fast technique of chromatographic determination of toxic metals Cu. Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Pb in drinking water using thin layer chromatography. The metals were separated in the form of their complexes with dithizone and then photometric detection of obtained spots was carried out.

Simple strontium peroxodisulfate SrS2O8 · 4H2O was synthesized by the reaction of solid Sr(OH)2 · 8H2O taken in 30% excess with an aqueous solution of (NH4)2S2O8; simple magnesium peroxodisulfate MgS2O8 · 6H2O was synthesized by the reaction of an aqueous solution of BaS2O8 with a stoichiometric amount of MgSO4 · 7H2O. Persulfate ammine complexes [M(NH3)4]S2O8 (M = Zn, Cu) were prepared in concentrated aqueous ammonia from [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2, [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2, and an ammoniac solution of (NH4)2S2O8. The compounds were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (pRSA) and vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy. Their stability was studied during storage and in DTA experiments. The [Zn(NH3)4]S2O8 structure was solved. Its crystals are orthorhombic, a = 10.5512(8) A, b = 12.8039(12) A, c = 8.0448(5) A, V = 1086(15) A3, Z = 4, space group Pna21. The compound is built of [Zn(NH3)4]2+ complex cations and S2O 8 2− persulfate anions. In a cation, Zn-N bond lengths are within 2.04(2)–2.056(14) A. In an anion, the lengths of S(1)–O(4), S(2)–O(5), and O(4)–O(5) bridging bonds are, respectively, 1.676(14), 1.672(16), and 1.465(16) A; the other S–O bond lengths are within 1.409(14)–1.443(12) A; the S(1)O(4)O(5)S(2) torsion angle is 140.8(7)°.

A new method for the construction of translationally coupled operons in a bacterial chromosome was developed on the basis of the recombineering approach. The method includes the in vitro construction of an artificial operon with an efficiently translated proximal cistron, its insertion into the Escherichia coli chromosome, the modification of the operon via Red-driven insertion of a special “Junction” with an excisable selective marker into the intercistronic region of the initial operon, and the excision of the marker. The Junction structure was designed and tested. The Junction consists of three components. The first component is the E. coli rplC-rplD intercistronic region and serves for placing the TAA codon of the proximal gene in the SD sequence (TAAGGAG) of rplD. The second component is the Cm R gene flanked by λattL/R sites in such a fashion that the residual λattB site after λInt/Xis-driven excision of the marker does not contain termination codons in frame with ATG of rplD. The third component is the E. coli trpE-trpD intercistronic region which is added so that TGA of trpE acts a termination codon of the new open reading frame (ORF), while the overlapping (TGATG) ATG of trpD is in the position of the initiation codon of the distal gene of the original operon. The general design of the Junction provides the conversion of the original two-cistron operon into a three-cistron operon with translationally coupled genes, where the coupling of the artificial ORF (rplD’-λattB-’trpE) with the proximal gene is due to the rplC-rplD intercistronic region and its coupling with the distal gene is due to trpE-trpD. The strategy was experimentally implemented to construct an artificial operon Ptac-aroG4-serA5, where the expression the distal serA5 gene was optimized owing to translational coupling in a three-cistron operon.