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Introduction. Phenolic compounds that are part of a variety of phytopreparations have an anti-radical and antioxidant effect. Aim. Studying the influence of carbon disulfide intoxication on the rat blood biochemical parameters and the possibility of their correction with natural plant phenolic compounds from viburnum. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on white Wistar male rats. Carbon disulfide intoxication (concentration 2.0 mg/m3) was implemented in a special exposure chamber. The animals were divided into 5 groups: the 1st group was control (intact rats); the 2nd group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks; the 3rd group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks, followed by discontinuation for 7 days; the 4th group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks, followed by administration of the viburnum extract for 7 days; the 5th group was carbon disulfide intoxication for 3 weeks, followed by silymarin administration for 7 days. The drugs were administered at a dose of 100 mg of total phenols per kilogram of animal weight. Results. Carbon disulfide intoxication was accompanied by the development of intense hypercholesterolemia; an increase in the fraction of low-density lipoproteins with simultaneous decrease in high-density lipoproteins in blood serum. There was an increase in the level of malondialdehyde, decrease in the superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione amount, which indicates the depletion of the body’s antioxidant defense system. During the withdrawal period of carbon disulfide intoxication for 7 days, the blood biochemical parameters did not recover, which indicates the preservation of free-radical processes. The administration of the viburnum extract and the comparison drug, silymarin, was accompanied by a recovery to the control group level of blood biochemical parameters after carbon disulfide intoxication. Conclusion. The toxic effect of carbon disulfide causes a change in the studied blood biochemical parameters. The administration of the viburnum extract and silymarin was accompanied by their restoration to the level of the control group, but a more pronounced effect was observed in the viburnum extract due to the presence of oligomeric forms of polyphenols in its composition.

The present study considers effects of a lipid complex isolated from the aqueous–ethanol (70%) extract from the marine red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis and effects of the Essentiale commercial preparation on the biochemical parameters of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes of mice exposed to experimental stress (suspension by the scruff of the neck). The pharmacological effect of the lipid complex from A. tobuchiensis is manifested as elimination of dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia accompanied by a reduction in the levels of total lipids and low-density lipoproteins, an increase in the level of high-density lipoproteins in plasma, and normalization of the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and the phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membranes. The Ahnfeltia extract was not inferior to the Essentiale reference preparation in terms of effectiveness and was even superior in the potential to restore the blood lipid composition and the phospholipid fraction ratio in erythrocyte membranes. The pharmacological effect of the lipid complex from Ahnfeltia is determined by the action of its phospholipid fractions and polyunsaturated n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, which contribute to the utilization of cholesterol from membranes and the enhancement of the lipoprotein ratio towards increase in high-density lipoproteins and are also involved in erythrocyte membrane repair.

Introduction. The content of low and high-density lipoproteins, the level of total cholesterol, and the fatty acids composition of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes were studied in first-year university students. The prevention of stress disorders was carried out with the functional food product “Biolad-Kalina” marmalade (TU 9128-152-02067936-2006) contained 100 mg of a complex of polyphenolic compounds per 100 g of the product, accounting for a therapeutic dose for polyphenol preparations. Material and methods. A group of 10 male students aged 18-20 years studying in the 1st year of full-time study (2nd semester after admission to the university) was examined. The 1st group (control) included 20 healthy male donors; in the 2nd group - 10 male students before a biochemical blood test, the 3rd group - 10 male students of the 2nd group, after a biochemical blood test, invited to take daily for 6 weeks in the morning, 100 g of marmalade “Biolad-Kalina”. Results. The effect of the study load (stress) was shown to be accompanied by the increase in low-density lipoproteins in plasma, the concentration of total cholesterol, total lipids and decrease in the content of total phospholipids, which is typical for dyslipidemia. In blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes, there was an increase in the content of saturated fatty acids (myristic, palmitic) and a decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-6 (arachidonic) and n-3 (eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic) families, which causes changes in the physical and chemical properties of erythrocyte membranes, permeability, and lability. Changes in the ratio of fatty acids in the lipid pattern of erythrocyte membranes indicate the presence of destructive processes under the influence of stress. A prophylactic effect of the functional food product of marmalade “Biolad-Kalina” on the studied biochemical indices has been estimated. There was shown its effectiveness in the restoration of lipid metabolism in blood and erythrocyte membranes due to presence in it of a wide range of polyphenolic compounds.

The influence of the lipid fraction from the aqueous EtOH extract of brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum thallus and the commercial reference drug Essentiale® on the physiological characteristics of rat erythrocytes and the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes after CCl4-induced toxic injury was studied. CCl4 intoxication (50% solution in olive oil, s.c., 2 mL/kg for 4 d) was associated with changes of all studied physiological and biochemical erythrocyte parameters that did not return to normal after withdrawing the toxicant. Intragastric administration to rats through a probe of the lipid fraction from S. pallidum extract at a dose of 80 mg of total lipids per kg of mass for 7 d after CCl4 intoxication gave membrane protection that manifested as a restoration of the characteristic erythrocyte dimensions (average volume and diameter), extension of the threshold to their hemolysis stability, and retention of the lipid constituent ratio in the membrane. The lipid fraction from brown seaweed S. pallidum was comparable to Essentiale® for restoring erythrocyte physiological characteristics and the lipid composition of their membranes after CCl4-induced damage. The pronounced protective effect of the S. pallidum lipid fraction for repairing erythrocyte membranes was evidently determined by the combined action of the marine lipids in it.

Qualitative and quantitative composition of the lipid complex and total content of polyphenols were compared in aqueous alcoholic extracts from three species of marine macrophytes collected in Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan. Examined seaweeds belonged to different phyla: green alga Ulva lactuca L. sea lettuce, brown alga Sargassum pallidum (Turner) C. Agardh sargassum pallidum, and red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis (Kanno et Matsubara) Makijenko ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. It was shown that glycolipids (30.3–41.5%) and neutral lipids (34–48.5%) prevailed among total lipids in the extracts from all three algal species; phospholipids accounted for 10–25.7% of total lipids. Among neutral lipids in all the seaweeds, triacylglycerols and free sterols prevailed. The greatest quantity of triacylglycerols was found in A.tobuchiensis and that of free sterols was in S. pallidum. As to the individual fractions of phospholipids, their composition and content considerably differed. In terms of content, predominant phospholipid fractions in the extract from U. lactuca were phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl inositol, those from S. pallidum were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl glycerol, and those from A. tobuchiensis were phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl glycerol. As to the percentage of main fatty acids comprising the lipid component of the extracts from the examined algal species, it was found that the extract from brown alga S. pallidum contained the greatest content of PUFA from the family n-6. The extract from green alga U. lactuca contained the greatest content of PUFA from the family n-3. In the extract from red alga A. tobuchiensis, arachidonic (family n-6) and eicosapentaenoic (family n-3) acids prevailed among PUFA. The greatest quantity of polyphenols was detected in the extract from brown alga S. pallidum, which 15–24 times exceeded respective figures in U. lactuca and A. tobuchiensis. Moreover, the extract from S. pallidum showed a much higher level of antiradical activity in respect to ABTS+, which was 5–12.5 times greater than in U. lactuca and A. tobuchiensis, respectively.

Results of the research of the impact of extract from the byproducts of guelder-rose, containing a complexflavonoides (65% of dry weight), in the conditions of experimental a stress (vertical fixing of rats by a dorsal cervicalfold for 22 o’clock) are presented. The impact of a stress was shown to be followed by the gain in mass of adrenal glands by 42%. In blood serum there were noted marked hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased superoxide dismutase activity, decline in the number of reduced glutathione and anti-radical activity, the gain in lisofractions of phospholipids, decrease of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol esters. Administration of the extract from the byproducts of guelder rose crushing promoted the normalization of indices of mass of adrenal glands and lipid metabolism in blood serum, was more effective, than a reference stress protector “Extract eleuterokokka®”. The introduction of eleuterococcus was followed by the persistent both elevated level of cholesterol, free fatty acids, lisofraction of phospholipidsand low level offatty acids esters, cholesterol esters and a diphosphatidilglicerin. Byproducts of guelder-rose were shown to represent a perspective view of raw materials for the producing of stress protective preparations.

Results of the study of the impact of acetone intoxication on the fatty acids pattern of the general lipids of erythrocytes’ membranes in rats are presented. The inhalation exposure of acetone was carried out in the inoculation chamber with the volume of 100 liters. The chamber was designed for the type of B.A. Kurlyandsky with self-contained system of purification and air regeneration and specified parameters of temperature (20-22С) and air humidity. The flow rate of the air and aerosolized acetone passed through the chamber accounted of 10 liters/min. Concentration of acetone in the chamber was sustained at the level of 206 ± 3,9 mg/m that corresponds to maximum permissible concentration for acetone vapor in the air of a working area. The time of exposure was 6 hours per day for 3 weeks in a monotonous mode, excluding weekend, and was based upon specific parameters of environment simulation in industry. The acetone impact was shown to be accompanied by the gain in the quantity of all kinds of saturated fatty acids and the fall of unsaturated fatty acids in general lipids of erythrocytes ’ membranes in rats and in the structure ofphospholipid fractions. In the content of phosphatydilcholine and phosphatydilethanolamine, as a basic structural phospholipids of biological membranes, there was noted the increase in palmitic and stearic acids. In the range offatty acids of the n-6 family the amount of linoleic and arachidonic acids decreased. In the array of fatty acids of the n-3 family the content of linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (n-3 family) declined. Redistribution of fatty acids in the erythrocytes membrane towards to such alteration in quantity as the increasing of saturation and decreasing of the unsaturated fatty acids supposes the change of its physical and chemical properties, permeability, lability and complexity of passing erythrocyte via microcircular channels.

There was studied lipid composition of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes, physiological characteristics of erythrocytes in divers, exposed to extreme factors of the hyperbaric environment in the process of the occupational activity. There was observed a group of 10 male divers from 25 to 30 years of age, whose work is associated with the systematic implementation of submarine dives at medium and large depths (20-60 m) using compressed air for breathing. The influence of hyperbaric stress was shown to be accompanied by the change in a ratio of fatty acids in the total lipids of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes. In total lipids of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes the number of all kinds of saturated fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid), the monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic acid) was increased and an amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-6 family (arachidonic acid) and n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) was reduced, which caused a change in physicochemical properties of erythrocytes, permeability, and lability. The increase in the amount of cholesterol in the erythrocyte membranes correlates with its elevation in blood plasma. There was an increase in the volume of erythrocytes by 5% and diameter by 13%, due to the inclusion of cholesterol in the membrane. It was recorded a shift in the threshold of hemolysis start at 0.50 ± 0.02% NaCl and its completion at 0.40 ± 0.01% NaCI. Preventive administration of the Kalifen food supplement for two months before the dive would help to remove metabolic disorders caused by the hyperbaric factors.

The object of the present study was a water-alcohol extract obtained from the dried thallus of the marine green alga Ulva lactuca (L.) (syn.: Ulva fenestrate P. et R.) – ulva lettuce. Glycolipids (40.6%) and neutral lipids (34%) prevailed in the lipid fraction of the extract; phospholipids contained 13.4% of the total lipids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was 50% of the total amount of fatty acids, among which PUFA of the n-3 family predominated (37.43%). On the model of toxic hepatitis induced by the introduction of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (50% solution in olive oil, subcutaneously 2 ml/kg for 4 days), we study the effect of the lipid fraction of U. lactuca extract and the commercial reference preparation Essentiale® on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of erythrocytes and lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes in rats. The introduction of the lipid fraction from the ulva (dose 80 mg of total lipids per kg of body weight) to the animals intragastrically for 7 days after withdrawal of CCl4 exerted a protective effect, which was manifested in the restoration of the erythrocyte size characteristics (average volume and diameter), their osmotic resistance to hemolysis, levels of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione, as well as maintaining of the ratio of phospholipid fractions. Under the damaging effects of CCl4, the lipid fraction from the green alga U. lactuca was not inferior to the effectiveness of reference preparation Essentiale® in restoring of the physiological characteristics of erythrocytes and the phospholipid composition of its membranes.

There are presented results of the study of the impact of intoxication with nitrogen oxides on to the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of erythrocyte membrane in rats. The inhalation exposure with nitrogen oxides was carried out in inoculating chamber with the volume of 100 liters and designed according to the type of chambers by Kurliandsky B.A. with self-cleaning of contained air and regenerating system, specified temperature setttings (20-220С) and the air humidity (40-60%). Intoxication by nitrogen oxides was performed during 6 minutes with a toxicant concentration of 4.3 mg/cu.m. (MAC in atmospheric air amount to 0.4 mg/m3). Water solutions of dry residue from viburnum extract “Kaliphen” and Eleutherococcus extract (alcohol was anticipatorily removed from preparations by evaporating in a vacuum) were administered daily through the tube intragastrically during 2 weeks in a dosage of 100 mg of total polyphenols per kg of body weight prior to intoxication by nitrogen oxides. The influence of nitrogen oxides was found to be accompanied by the elevation of the level of saturated fatty acids of all kinds and by the decline in unsaturated fatty acids content in the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the main structural phospholipids of biomembranes. The redistribution of fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane supposes the changes of its physicochemical properties, lability, and the complexity of the erythrocyte passage through the microvascular bed. Herbal polyphenol preparations Kaliphen and Eleutherococcus improved the survival rate of animals under the preventive administration before intoxication with nitrogen oxides. The introduction of extracts before intoxication is accompanied by the pronounced trend to the restoration of the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of erythrocytes membranes. The preventive administration of Kaliphen before intoxication with nitrogen oxides was supposed to offer more pronounced protection of the fatty acids pattern of phospholipid fractions than those following the introduction of Eleutherococcus. The preventive administration of herbal extracts with polyphenol complexes in its contents under exposure to toxic substances is considered to be a the promising direction for research

This study explores the influence of an extract enriched with polyphenol substances obtained from the brown alga Sargassum pallidum and the effect of the Legalon commercial reference preparation on the biochemical indices of the blood at acute hepatic injury induced in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CTC). Administration of S. pallidum extract exhibited a pronounced antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect revealed in reduction of alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) activity in blood plasm, in normalization of superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione contents, of the level of lipid peroxidation, and the liver antiradical activity. We observed recovery of lipid metabolism and elimination of liver fatty infiltration. The S. pallidum extract was as effective as the reference Legalon hepatoprotector and even surpassed it in its ability to restore the phospholipid metabolism. In our opinion, this hepatoprotective effect of S. pallidum extract is associated with the action of polyphenols contained in brown algae, that is, phlorotannins, which are highly active antioxidants and restore the liver metabolic reactions after toxic hepatic injury with CTC.

The object of this study was the extract from the dried pomace of the Amur rowanberry (Sorbus amurensis Koehne) after the juice separation. The content of total polyphenols, lipid composition, and antiradical activity of the extract were studied. The total content of polyphenols proved to be 80 ± 2,5 mg-equivalents of gallic acid per 100 mL of the extract, suggesting the high level of its antiradical activity (29.73 ± 0.23 mmolequivalents of trolox per liter). The lipid part of the extract included three phospholipid fractions and six fractions of neutral lipids. Their content was found to be 13.4 ± 0.14 mg of total lipids/mL. These results pointed to a high biological activity of the extract which could be considered as a promising object for further experimental studies. The Amur rowanberry extract was shown to exhibit a pronounced antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity on the laboratory model of the carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatitis in rats with endogastric administration at a dose of 100 mg of total polyphenols per kg of body weight. Administration of the extract resulted in a decrease in the content of total lipids, specific liver weight, and the activity of alanine aminotransferase. The level of the reduced glutathione and the activity of antioxidant and lysosomal enzymes were also normalized. The rowanberry extract seemed to be a promising source for the creation of biologically active food supplements with high antioxidant and antiradical activity.

The effects of an extract from the green alga Ulva lactuca and the Essentiale® commercial preparation, which was used as a reference, on the weight indexes of the viscera and the biochemical markers of the liver have been studied in a model of acute stress in rats. Acute stress was simulated by suspending animals in the upright position by their neck dorsal skin fold for 24 hours. Administration of the U. lactuca extract to rats exposed to the extreme stress resulted in a pronounced preventive action, which was manifested in the support of the weight index of their viscera, lipids metabolism, the antioxidant defense system of liver, and a reduction of lipid peroxidation. The extract from U. lactuca was no less effective in protecting the metabolic reactions of the liver under acute stress than the Essentiale® commercial preparation. The pronounced protective properties of the U. lactuca extract are explained by the combined effects of phospholipids of marine origin, n-3 PUFAs, and antioxidant polyphenols that comprise it.

A complex of isoflavonoids containing more than 78% isoflavone and pterocarpan glycosides was obtained from an alcoholic extract of the roots of the Amur maackia, a far eastern relict tree (Maackia amurensis Ruper et Maxim.). This complex contained the 7-O-gentiobiosides of daidzein, genistein, afromosin, pseudobaptigenin, formononetin, and 5-O-methylgenistein, the 3-O-gentiobiosides of maackiain and medicarpin, the compounds daidzin, and genistein, 7-O-primverosylformononetin, and the novel 7-O-primverosylpseudobaptigenin. Studies using a model of toxic hepatitis induced by poisoning of rats with carbon tetrachloride addressed the effects of the complex of isoflavonoids on the state of carbohydrate metabolism in the rat liver. Administration of this complex to animals with CCl4 hepatitis decreased the activity of marker enzymes for cytolysis and the specific weight of the liver, promoted maintenance of the blood glucose and oxidized nicotinamide coenzyme (NAD+) levels, and normalized pyruvate and lactate levels in the animals’ livers. The isoflavonoid complex extracted from Maackia amurensis was more effective in restoring the reactions of liver carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle) than the reference hepatoprotector Legalon®.

We present here data from studies of the physiological characteristics and lipid components of erythrocyte membranes in tetrachloride (CCl4) poisoning and correction of changes with a water-ethanol extract of the tunic (sheath) of the ascidian purple sea squirt (Halocynthia aurantium). CCl4 poisoning was accompanied by increases in the mean volume and diameter of erythrocytes, along with alterations to the phoshoplipid:neutral lipids ratio and the membrane fatty acid composition. During the deprivation period, most of the study parameters remained at the levels recorded after CCl4 poisoning. Administration of the ascidian tunic extract widened the thresholds of erythrocyte hemolysis resistance and promoted preservation of the lipid components ratio in erythrocyte membranes and their physiological characteristics. The combination of the high biological activity and the low toxicity of the extract suggests potential for creating new, effective formulations based on marine hydrobionts for use in poisoning.

A study of metabolic parameters was carried out using blood samples of subjects whose professional activity is connected with systematic diving to large or medium depths. To restore the working capacity and preserve the diver’s health, pharmacological prevention using a Kalifen food supplement, which is the total polyphenol complex isolated from viburnum (Viburnum sargentii Koehne), was carried out. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, the suppression of the etherifying function of the liver, imbalance of phospholipid fractions, challenge to the antioxidant defense of the body, and increased lipid peroxidation were found in the blood plasma of divers sampled after a dive. Preventive administration of the Kalifen food supplement for two months before the dive would help remove metabolic disorders caused by the hyperbaric factors, and also create anabolic reserves and increase the body resistance level under extreme conditions.

This paper presents comparative data on the antioxidant and membrane-protective activities of an extract from the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica and the commercial drug Legalon. It was shown that intoxication with carbon tetrachloride was accompanied by the exhaustion of the antioxidant defense system of erythrocytes, an increase in their dimensional characteristics, and a change in the phospholipids to neutral lipids ratio. The Laminaria extract appeared to be more efficient than Legalon in the restoration of the lipid component of erythrocyte membranes and the removal of toxic stress.

It was shown in rats that stress is accompanied by a decrease in osmotic resistance and antioxidant protection of erythrocytes and an increase in their volume and diameter; cholesterol esters were reduced, the amounts of malone dialdehyde, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and phospholipid lysofractions were increased. Comparative data on the membrane protecting activity of extracts of Laminaria japonica and Eleutherococcus senticosus are presented. Administration of these extracts caused the normalization of the parameters of erythrocytes in rats.

At present, there is increasing interest in biologically active additives containing complexes of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (COPCs). Being capable of “quenching” radical reactions in the organism, COPCs are sometimes referred to as the “youth hormone” [1]. These complexes are composed of two monomer units, catechol and (–)-epicatechol, as well as of their galloyl derivatives. COPCs appear due to the ability of these compounds to form polymeric structures involving two or more units [2]. COPCs are found in many plants, but their content in most cases is rather low and, even when optimum extraction conditions are used, the target product yield typically does not exceed 0.1 – 0.5% of the initial dry material weight [3]. Because of the low content of COPCs in the main initial materials – grape seeds (Vitis vinifera) and pine bark (Pinus maritima) – used for the commercial production of COPCs, the final product cost is very high. This situation stimulates the search for new domestic sources of raw materials and the creation of alternative preparations containing COPCs. After many years of investigations devoted to species of the Far-East flora possessing nutritional value, we have developed a biologically active nutritional additive Kalifen with COPCs as the main active component [4]. Obtained from the waste products (oilcake) of production of cranberry juice (Viburnum), this preparation contains a high concentration of COPCs. This study was aimed at qualitative and quantitative characterization of COPCs contained in the cranberry oilcake.

Experimental studies were conducted on 4 groups of animals, each containing 20 rats: (1) intact animals (control); (2) the animals given inhaled nitric oxide at a concentration of 4.3 mg/m3 for 6 min; (3) those were prophylactically administered amtizole (40 mg/kg 30 min before inhalation of nitric oxide with further 6-min inhalation; (4) those receiving Eleutherococcus for 3 weeks, followed by amtizole administration 30 min before nitric oxide inhalation and with further 6-min inhalation. After nitric oxide inhalation, animals' survival was 16%; the preadministration of amtizole enhanced the survival up to 50%; co-administration of Eleutherococcus and amtizole contributed to 80% survival. Inhalation of nitric oxides at a concentration of 4.3 mg/m3 resulted in the impairment of hepatic xenobiotic detoxification system, the development of tissue hypoxia, fatty infiltration, and deterioration of hepatic etherifying function. Preadministration of the antihypoxant amtizole prior to inhalation favored less hepatic dysfunction. Preadministration of Eleutherococcus and further amtizole administration have a protective effect on hepatic antitoxic function and lipid metabolism.

The study was undertaken to use the biologically active additive (BAA) Kalifen as a component of the jellies BIO-LAD for students' adaptation to academic load. Two groups of male volunteers aged 20-22 years were examined. Group 1 (control) included 20 healthy male donors of the comparable age. Group 2 comprised 10 students who were asked to take 100 mg of the jellies containing the BAA Kalifen (TU 9128-152-02067936-2006), which was equivalent to 100 mg of total polyphenols a day, on fasting every day after biochemical blood studies. The serum tested before the experiment showed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, suppressed hepatic etherifying function and imbalance of the fractional content of phospholipids. Exhaustion of the antioxidative system, increased lipid peroxidation, and impaired erythrocytic membrane permeability were also ascertained. Supplementation of the jellies normalized the biochemical parameters under study. From the above discussion, it follows that the jellies BIO-LAD should be used as a purposefully acting product to prevent mental and emotional stress.

Research of metabolic rates is conducted in a blood of the subjects whose professional work is connected with the systematic implementation of diving on the large and medium depths. For restoration of working capacity and preservation of health of divers was carried pharmacological prophylaxis with supplementation "Kalifen", which is the total polyphenol complex isolated from viburnum (Viburnum sargentii Koehne). The blood plasma of divers, investigated after a dive, there was hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, the suppression of esterified liver function, an imbalance of fractional content of phospholipids, the strain of antioxidant defense of an organism and increased lipid peroxidation. Preventive administration supplementation "Kalifen" for 2 months before the dive will help remove metabolic disorders caused by hyperbaric factors, and also to store up of anabolic reserves and increase body resistance level in extreme conditions.

An oligomer proantocyanidine complex (OPCC) isolated from the aqueous-and-alcoholic extract Kalifen and a polyphenol complex (PPC) isolated from the eleutherococcus extract were tested for their effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat liver under acute stress caused by hanging up of the animals by the cervical fold for 22 hours. This acute stress was accompanied by decreases in aerobic glycolysis and pentose cycle and by an increase in lipolysis. Hepatic etherifying function impaired. Lipids became predominant energy substrates. The administration of OPCC and PPC during stress promoted the preservation of carbohydrate metabolic reactions (gluconeogenesis, pentosephosphate pathway, Krebs cycle) and to the decrease of lipolysis. OPCC was shown to have stress-protective properties and to be able to diminish adrenal hypertrophy, to increase the production of oxidized equivalents (NAD+), and to enhance the activity of G-6-PDH in the rat liver. The complex is superior to the well-known antistress agent eleutherococcus, which makes it possible to regard these drugs as possible promising drugs in preventive and rehabilitative medicine.

Results of the research of the impact of extract from the byproducts of guelder-rose, containing a complexflavonoides (65% of dry weight), in the conditions of experimental a stress (vertical fixing of rats by a dorsal cervicalfold for 22 o’clock) are presented. The impact of a stress was shown to be followed by the gain in mass of adrenal glands by 42%. In blood serum there were noted marked hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased superoxide dismutase activity, decline in the number of reduced glutathione and anti-radical activity, the gain in lisofractions of phospholipids, decrease of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol esters. Administration of the extract from the byproducts of guelder rose crushing promoted the normalization of indices of mass of adrenal glands and lipid metabolism in blood serum, was more effective, than a reference stress protector “Extract eleuterokokka®”. The introduction of eleuterococcus was followed by the persistent both elevated level of cholesterol, free fatty acids, lisofraction of phospholipidsand low level offatty acids esters, cholesterol esters and a diphosphatidilglicerin. Byproducts of guelder-rose were shown to represent a perspective view of raw materials for the producing of stress protective preparations.

The comparative study was carried out to estimate hepatoprotective activity of the preparation "Eklikit", that represents the extract from the Shizandra chinensis crests and reference hepatoprpotector "Legalon" under acute alcohol intoxication. It was found that "Eklikit" posseses membrane protective and expressed hepatoprotective activity. "Eklikit" exceeds the reference hepatorpotector, "Legalon", in its ability to increase the oxidized form of NAD+ and reduced glutatione, cholesterol ethers and reduce the time of thiopental sleep. In other cases "Eklikit" was equally effective to "Legalon".

In the article results of researches of influence of food supplement allocated of a guelder-rose (Viburnum sargentii Koehne) on structural and physiological characteristics of erythrocytes are presented to blood of the doctors-surgeons who are exposed during of the working day to complex stressful influence (psychologic-emotional, chemical, intensity of labour process, etc). It is shown that preventive application a polyphenolic complex from a guelder-rose promoted restoration of average volume and diameter of erythrocytes, normalization of a parity of quantitative structure of neutral lipids and phospholipids, to preservation of permeability of membranes. The food supplement allocated of a guelder-rose can be used in a treatment and prophylactic feed.

Experimental studies were conducted on 4 groups of 10 rats each: 1) intact animals (a control group); 2) inhalation of carbon disulfide at a concentration of 2.0 mg/m3 for 7 days; 3) prophylactic administration of the hepatoprotective agent Legalon (100 mg/kg of total polyphenols), followed by carbon disulfide inhalation for 7 days; 4) prophylactic administration of the biologically active additive Kalifen (100 mg/kg of total polyphenols for 7 days), followed by carbon disulfide inhalation. Animal survival after carbon disulfide inhalation was 80%; preadministration of Legalon or Kalifen increased survival up to 100%. Carbon disulfide inhalation was attended by abnormal size features of red blood cells, impairments in the antioxidant defense system and the ratio of phospholipid fractions to neutral lipids. Preadministration of Legalon or Kalifen before inhalation contributes to less abnormalities in the study physiological and biochemical parameters of erythrocyte membranes.

In clause data on an opportunity of use of the natural antioxidants received from wild-growing vegetative raw material of Ussuriskaya taiga as antioxidants for a fatty basis of margarine. Is practically proved the role of entered antioxidants in change of periods of storage of oil production with biologically active substances.

The paper deals with the study of the preventive effect of the plant drug Korrda-K on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of the rat exposed to acetone inhalation. The agent was found to have hepatic and membranous protective effects. On exposure to acetone, Korrda-K promotes the normalization of blood glucose levels and other biochemical parameters. The magnitude of changes in the composition of lipids and fatty acids suggests that the preventive use of the agent favours the preservation of the membrane structure of hepatocytes changed by acetone.

The study covered lipid content of RBC membranes in divers exposed to extreme hyperbaric factors at work. Findings are that prophylactic intake of biologically active additive nutrient "Kalifen" made of viburnum berries preserved physiologic characteristics of RBC and recovery of lipid components in their membranes.

Hepatoprotective properties of ethanol extract from the roots of Maackia amurensis Ruper et Maxim have been studied on the model of toxic hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachloride damage. It is established that the extract contains daidzein, 7-O-gentobiosides of isoflavonoids genistein, formononetin, pseudobabtige-nin, and 5-O-methylgenistein, and 3-O-gentobiosides of pterocarpans (6aR, 11aR)-maakiain and (6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. The administration of extract facilitates the restoration of antioxidant protection enzymes activity and reduced glutathione level, decreases the formation of toxic peroxidation products, produces normalizing impact on liver phospholipid pattern, and improves the erythrocyte tolerance to hemolytic agents. The action of isoflavonoids from Maackia amurensis in restoration of metabolic pathways of the liver and removal of toxic stress was more effective as compared to that of the reference hepatoprotector legalon.