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The transformation of the organic matter (OM) of low-permeable carbon-rich domanik rock of the Romashkino oilfield in sub- and supercritical water (SCW) at temperatures of 320, 374, and 420°C and pressures of 17, 24.6, and 24.4 MPa in a neutral medium has been studied. The original rock with a TOC content of 7% has a high oil generation potential and a low productivity index. The productivity index increases with an increase in the severity of the thermal treatment of the rock, which is due to intense kerogen degradation resulting in the formation of free hydrocarbons that are easy to recover from the rock. In rock extracts, in comparison with the original rock, the amount of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons increases by more than two times and that of resin–asphaltene substances decreases. Distinctive features of the yields and compositions of rock extracts depending on the temperature of the experiments have been revealed. The highest yield of the extract was observed in the experiment with subcritical water at 320°C and associated with the degradation of resins and more complete extraction of asphaltenes and high-molecular-weight n-alkanes from the rock. Treatment in SCW at 374 and 420°C leads to intensive degradation of the kerogen structure involving the detachment of aliphatic chains from large fragments of kerogen and asphaltene macromolecules to form lower n-alkanes and carbon-rich substances, such as carbenes and carboids. The structure of asphaltenes becomes more condensed and oxidized in the SCW medium at 420°С, leading to a decrease in their paramagnetic properties. Using the EPR technique, the features of hyperfine splitting of the vanadyl complex line on 14N nitrogen nuclei have been revealed in the spectrum of asphaltenes of the SCW experiment at 420°С, indicating specific changes in their structure.

For the analysis of heavy oils, the method of simultaneous measurement of the free induction decay (FID) together with the decay of the echo signal in the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse program was used. The measurements were carried out on a «Chromatek-Proton 20M» NMR analyzer operating at a frequency of 20 MHz. A special control program was created on the NMR analyzer that automatically tunes and measures the full FID curve, then switches to measuring the decay of the echo amplitude by the CPMG pulse sequence, and then the investigation ends with a joint processing of all the experimental data. This method makes it possible to measure the amplitudes of NMR signals and the relaxation times T2 of protons of heavy oil components in situ, including asphaltenes, without any perturbations in the analyzed system. Under the influence of paramagnetic centers located in asphaltenes, the amplitude-relaxation characteristics of oil protons are divided into 7 groups associated with solid asphaltenes in crystalline and amorphous states, resins with high and low density, aromatic and saturated compounds. The NMR amplitudes of these fractions correlate well with the group composition of heavy oils as determined by gravitational-chromatographic SARA method. The combined FID + CPMG method can be recommended for determining the SARA composition and other properties of oil in situ. The behavior of fractions of heavy oil in the temperature range (-15оС ÷ +60оС) was investigated by SARA-NMR method. For the first time in situ, it has been shown that resins participate in the formation of asphaltenes in a closed volume when the oil is cooled from a stable state at room temperature, and vice versa, asphaltenes are disaggregated by heating with the release of resins. The SARA-NMR method is promising for the on-line monitoring of the production, transportation and processing of heavy oil in real conditions of temperature, pressure and dissolved gases. However, the design of the NMR sensor must be adapted to industrial applications. The possibilities of designing NMR probes on process pipelines of larger diameter than in laboratory instruments can be extended taking into account the procedure proposed for correcting the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field in the probed volume based on the FID signal of the liquid oil fraction.

This work was conducted to discover ways of processing high-paraffin oil residues using thermochemical processes to obtain binders. The principal purpose of such treatment of high-paraffinic residues is in the thermocatalytic process which consists of dehydroesterification via oxidation of paraffins which increase bitumen’s low-temperature stability (Fraass breaking point). Thus the n-alkanes, via our thermocatalytic process, can form several carbonyl compounds and oxidised compounds (such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, etc.). The thermocatalytic process of petroleum’s raw materials in our research carried out in two stages, including the catalytic process, as well as the thermal oxidation by air-blowing process. In this study, we used a biturox reactor. We evaluated the content of paraffin with GOST 33139 and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (1H LF-NMR) relaxometry in high-paraffinic vacuum residues, and after our thermocatalytic process in the obtained product. Moreover, in order to ensure the reliability of results obtained through the processing of vacuum residues as well as the obtained product, various physicochemical methods were used. These investigation methods include SARA fractionation, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and VNII NP analysis. Furthermore, the colloidal structures were studied using the Gaestel and Asphaltene Index. The tests were carried out to determine the bitumen’s quality under the Russian interstate standard GOST 33133-2014 and the European standard EN 12591.

In this study a new, fast and simple method based on low field NMR-relaxometry for in-situ determination of SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) composition of crude oils was proposed. This method was tested on 22 samples of crude oils with a wide range of SARA-composition and API gravity values (4.6–42.0°), including extra-heavy, heavy, medium and light crude oils. Results obtained by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) were compared with conventional SARA analysis method (ASTM D 4124). Comparison shows good coincidence between SARA values determined by LF-NMR and conventional method data for heavy fractions of asphaltenes and resins (R2 is equal to 0.98 and 0.91, respectively) and for the sum of light fractions including saturates and aromatics (R2 = 0.96). However, comparison for saturated and aromatic compounds separately gave low correlation coefficients (R2 ≤ 0.61 and 0.27, respectively) and relatively soaring standard deviation for individual correlations for saturates and aromatics (8.18 and 9.20). Consequently, LF- NMR relaxation as an alternative method for studying the composition of crude oil allows the determination of asphaltenes, resins and the sum of light fractions (saturates and aromatics) without their extraction (in-situ), which greatly simplifies and accelerates conventional chromatographic analysis. This method can be successfully applied for different types of crude oils with a wide range of API gravity and viscosity values.

The study of the organic matter of Riphean-Vendian deposits, the features of its distribution are the subject of research by many authors. The problem of hydrocarbon of these deposits remains relevant. We have conducted studies of deep-seated rocks of the Lower Riphean of the kaltasinskaya suite of the Eastern-Askinskaya area, with an increased content of organic matter in individual intervals. In addition to standard research methods, the method of nuclear magnetic relaxation in a low magnetic field was used. This method allows determining the phase state of organic matter in the original rock without any impact and after isothermal heating of the rock at 350°C. The free induction signal and the type of solid-phase signal, which corresponds to the waveform for the asphaltene component of the oil, were analyzed. The predominant part of the liquid-phase signal - about 35%, is characterized by a transverse relaxation time of 540 ¼s, corresponding to the resinous component of organic matter. The quantitative ratio of asphaltenes before and after heat treatment was also analyzed. A significant decrease in its amount was recorded. During thermal exposure, more than 55% of light, more mobile hydrocarbon molecules are formed in the liquid-phase part of organic matter.

The studied weathering crust on the basement rocks of the central part of the Volga-Ural anteclise lies at great depths under thick sediments of sedimentary cover. A diversity of initial basement rocks, features of formation and secondary changing processes of weathering crust determine interest for this geological formation and its uniqueness. Clay minerals play a major role in the composition of the weathering crust and determine its features. A change in the associations of clay minerals by the weathering profile allows distinguishing different zones, which confirm the zonal structure of this formation.

The work of many researchers is devoted to studying the problem of the features of the formation of the Bazhenov suite and organic matter. Various methods are used to study the type and state of organic matter, despite this, the problem associated with the phase state and type of organic matter in these deposits, the methods for studying those remains relevant. One of these methods is the NMR relaxation method in low fields. For the analysis of heavy oils, the method of simultaneous measurement of the free induction decay (FID) together with the decay of the echo signal in the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse program was used. We studied the decay form of relaxation curves and their approximation by a mathematical model adequate for solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter, which contains information on the geochemical and petrophysical properties of organic matter, as part of a single reservoir, including both the mineral part and the fluid part.

The model experiments regarding the conversion of organic matters from carbonate rock samples of Dankov-Lebedyan deposits of Zelenogorskaya area and siliceous-carbonate rocks of Semiluki-Mendym deposits of Berezovskaya area of Domanic formations of Romashkino oil field were carried out. Two types of experiments were carried out: (1) the hydrothermal treatment of rocks at a temperature of 350°C in the presence of carbonic acid and a water content of 30%; (2) pyrolysis at temperatures of 350 and 600°C in the presence of hydrogen. The yield and quality of extracted hydrocarbons from the rocks depending on the mineral composition of rocks, content and composition of organic matter, and thermal stability of kerogen under hydrothermal influences were evaluated. Application of electron paramagnetic resonance in pyrolysis processes revealed the difference in mineral content of rocks (Mn2+, SO3−, and SO2− ions) and free radicals R∗, as well as in vanadyl ion (VO2+) concentration. It is established that an increasing temperature of pyrolysis promotes the formation of new free organic radicals in rock samples: in Domanic rocks of Semiluki-Mendym deposits at 350°С and in carbonate rocks of Dankov-Lebedyan horizon at 600°С. This indicates different ability of oil-generating potential of rocks with hydrothermal and pyrolysis technologies.

Link the degree of progression of motor and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease and parameters of cognitive evoked potentials brain activity recognized not always unambiguous. This is due to the wide range of differences in amplitude and latency time of evoked potentials in the different leads of electroencephalogram caused functional reorganization of neuronal activity in brain structures in the early stages of the disease. Objective . The aim is to determine the correlation of the cognitive auditory evoked potentials P300 characteristics and symptom features in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods . The study involved 60 people, right-handers: 34 people (24 women and 10 men) with a verified diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and the control group — 26 people (20 women and 6 men). The disease duration, severity of symptoms (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale), and stage of the disease (Hoehn, Yahr) were determined, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to indicate the depression symptoms. Assessment of the electroencephalogram and auditory evoked potentials P300 was performed by an electroencephalograph «Encephalan» (Medicom, Taganrog, Russia). The minimum amplitude and the maximum latency of P300 in electroencephalogram-leads (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, F7, F8, T3, T4, T5 and T6) on the right and left sides were determined. Results . A significant positive correlation between the amplitude of evoked potential P300 on the left and duration of Parkinson’s disease was revealed, moreover the severity of disease symptoms such as left-side resting tremors of the hand, left-side muscle tension of the hand and/or foot, rising from a chair without using their hands, posture disorder were established. Conclusion . Marked brain asymmetry in the form of increase of the P300 amplitude on the left side combined with a significant reduction in the P300 amplitude on the right side in contra lateral electroencephalogram-lead indicates unfavorable prognosis in relation to cognitive dysfunction and motor disorders identified with left-sided Parkinson’s disease onset.

Gypsum crystals were formed from a saturated solution of produced water remaining in the horizontal section of the discharge pipe and cause undesired (side) man-made phenomenon as clogged pipe. However, for scientific purposes, this fact has become unique and revealed the typical defect centres, and enable us to study the effect of thermal and radiation effects on the crystal structure gypsum. Single crystals of gypsum at room temperature may gradually lose crystallization water. Its absence is compensated by the change of coordination number, calcium, and sulfur, which leads to the formation of point defects, which become paramagnetic during irradiation. It was found that the morphology of single crystals of gypsum corresponds to setting I2/a monoclinic system. The faces of the crystal are allocated on a well-developed cleavage plane (010) perpendicular to the axis b. Face, elongated along the [100] direction, was used to identify the orientation of the crystal in the resonator of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. In this paper, parameters of the spin Hamiltonian of paramagnetic centres and their models in a crystal of technogenic gypsum were presented. They are suitable for reliable ESR dating and reconstruction of the environment.

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of SO 3 − and SO 2 − radical ions with a linewidth ΔH ≈ 2.7 G and SO 3 − (A 1) and SO 3 − (A 2) centers with superhyperfine splitting due to the interaction with protons in platelike gypsum single crystals under X-ray irradiation have been analyzed at 25°C. Dehydrated regions with a radius >4 A are revealed in gypsum. The ESR spectra of SO 3 − radical ions and atomic hydrogen with ΔH ≈ 0.3 G are found in the products of isothermal annealing of gypsum kept for 30 min after X-ray irradiation at 25°C. The dependences of the intensities of these spectra on the annealing temperature are studied in the range of 100–450°C. The temperature range of formation of α- and β-phase states of bassanite and γ-anhydrite are determined. The process of residual water redistribution between the channel systems of the α- and β-phase types of γ-CaSO4 in gypsum thermal derivatives is established.

The conditions for equivalent positions on the (hkl) face of growing crystal are derived using symmetry elements of the space group. It is shown by the example of the sp. gr. D2h16 that the conditions of equivalent position formation coincide with conditions of the reflection of diffracted beams by crystal. It is established that electron spin resonance (ESR) centers in barite, SO4− (I) and SO4− (II), with only two conjugate spectra with equal intensity out of four, and SO4− (III), with a different intensity of conjugate spectra KαM = 2, are localized into the growth pyramid of the (001) face with a [010] step. SO2−, SO3−,, and SO4− (IV) centers, having an identical intensity of the conjugate ESR spectra with KαM = 2, are localized into the growth pyramid of the (210) face with a growth step [001].

On the basis of the analysis of the electron spin resonance spectrum of the SO 3 − radical ion, it is established that the transformation of gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O) into bassanite (CaSO4 · 0.5H2O) with partial removal of water molecules occurs through the formation of an anhydrous metastable phase. This phenomenon, reflecting the processes of recrystallization of materials of this class, serves as the scientific basis for the production of binders from sulfate mineral associations.

The EPR spectra of Fe3+ impurity ions in NaZr2(PO4)3 single crystals at 300 K are investigated, and the spin Hamiltonian of these ions is determined. A comparative analysis of the spin-Hamiltonian and crystal-field tensors is performed using the maximum invariant component method. It is demonstrated that Fe3+ impurity ions substitute for Zr4+ ions with local compensator ions located in cavities of the B type. It is revealed that the invariant of the spin-Hamiltonian tensor B 4 and the crystal-field tensor V 4 44 depend substantially on the mutual arrangement of ions in the first and second coordination spheres. The corresponding dependences are analyzed.

An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of a synthetic single crystal of LiScGeO4 doped with Cr ions carried out earlier at the X- and Q-bands at 300, K has indicated additional weak lines. A detailed analysis of these EPR lines, which were tentatively attributed to the Fe3+ ions at two different mirror symmetry sites, is presented in this paper. The angular dependences in the three crystallographic planes were resolved by fitting the two distinct spectra denoted Fe3+(I) and Fe3+(II) with a spin Hamiltonian (S=5/2) of monoclinic symmetry. The rank-4 crystal field tensors at tetrahedral and octahedral sites were calculated with the point-charge model to determine the principal axis orientations of their cubic, tetragonal and trigonal components. A comparative analysis of the zero-field splitting tensors and the crystal field ones indicates that Fe3+(I) ions substitute for Sc3+ at octahedral sites and Fe3+(II) ions substitute for Ge4+ at tetrahedral sites with no significant distorition of the coordination polyhedra in the structure of LiScGeO4.

An electron paramagnetic resonance study of a synthetic single crystal of Cr-doped LiScGeO4 was carried out at the X- and Q-bands at 300 K and at the broad band (70-370 GHz) at 4.2 K. It was established that the EPR spectra with the magnetic multiplicity KM = 2 observed in all the frequency bands are due to the Cr3+ substituted for Sc3+ at the mirror symmetry octahedral site. The angular dependences of the two symmetry-related spectra of Cr3+ in the three crystallographic planes were fitted with the spin Hamiltonian (S = 3/2) of monoclinic symmetry. The zero-field splitting of the ground state energy levels was determined as 1.309(5) cm-1 which compares well with that for Cr3+ in forsterite and alexandrite crystals with similar olivine-like structure. Additional weak lines due to Mn2+ and Fe3+ at the mirror symmetry sites were also identified in the X- and Q-band spectra.

In single crystals of LiCaAlF6 and LiSrAlF6 doped with Fe3+ the trigonal EPR spectra with multiplicityK M = 1 were observed due to Fe3+ substituted for Al3+. The spin Hamiltonian parameters describing the fine structure and the superhyperfine structure were determined. It is argued that the tensorsB 2 andB 4 of the spin Hamiltonian for Fe3+ ions are essentially determined by the quadratic contributions of the crystal field at the substitution site. The signs and the relative values of the elements in the spin Hamiltonian tensorB 4 of rankL = 4 for Fe3+ are determined by the irreducible tensor product [V 4 ⊗V 4]2 of the crystal field tensorV 4 of rankL = 4 at the substitution sites. The ratio between the invariant sum of the spin Hamiltonian tensorB 4 for Fe3+ in oxygen octahedra [FeO6] and that in fluorine octahedra [FeF6] is directly proportional to the fourth power of the ratio between the effective charges of surrounding ions. The sign of the spin Hamiltonian parameterB 20 corresponds to the sign of the element [V 4 ⊗V 4]20 in the irreducible tensor product [V 4 ⊗V 4]2 of rankL = 2.

A single crystal of doped with was studied by EPR at room temperature and at using an X-band spectrometer. There are two magnetically equivalent spectra characterized by the main Stevens constants and . The spectra are described by a general spin Hamiltonian and all constants have been determined. The zero-field splitting of the energy levels is of the order of and EPR lines exist at very low fields, which are identified. The spectra are temperature dependent. This is interpreted as an anisotropic modification of the environment. The analysis of the pseudo-symmetry of the fourth order term of the spin Hamiltonian shows a strong modification of the local structure. The coordination polyhedra of are different from Zn and K polyhedra. The comparison with other results from the double sulphate family is made.

In single crystal colquiriite LiCaAlF6 doped with Gd3+ ions two EPR spectra of the Gd3+ ions with the Laue site-symmetry groups Ci and C3i were observed. The spectrum angular dependence for trigonal Gd3+ centre was investigated in detail and corresponding spin Hamiltonian parameters were fitted. From analysis of the spin Hamiltonian tensorsB 4 andB 6 it was established that Gd3+ with the Laue group C3i substitutes at Ca2+ site with the excess charge compensation by an ion located along the threefold axis from this site. The transformation formulas for a sixth-rank irreducible Hermitian tensor under coordinate rotation are tabulated in an explicit form. By using the EPR data for Gd3+ substituted in a variety of host crystals, the fourth-rank and sixth-rank tensors of Gd3+ spin Hamiltonians were tabulated and correlated with structures of the coordination polyhedra at substitution sites. The results suppose a predominance of quadratic crystal field contributions into the spin Hamiltonian tensorB 4 of Gd3+.

Dopant Fe3+ ions in tetrahedral and octahedral positions of Ge4+ in the crystal Li2Ge7O15 were studied using EPR. Fe3+ substitutes for Ge4+ with a local charge compensation. The octahedral site and the tetrahedral sites significantly differ by the value of the invariant sumS(B 4) of theB 4 tensor of the spin Hamiltonian of Fe3+. The irreducible tensor products {V 4 ⊗ V 4}4 and {V 4⊗V 4}2 theV 4 tensor of the crystal field calculated using the point-charge model for octahedral and tetrahedral complexes provide the predominant contribution of the crystal field to theB 4 andB 2 tensors of the spin Hamiltonian of Fe3+, respectively. A comparison of the fourth-rank tensorsB 4 of the spin Hamiltonian and {V 4⊗V 4}4 of the crystal field determined at 300 K with those determined at 77 K supports the conclusion that the phase transition is accompanied by combined rotation of the [GeO4] tetrahedra with the [Ge(1)O6] octahedron almost unaltered. The spectrum lines are narrow and the variety of point defects in the vicinity of the paramagnetic impurity ions Fe3+, Cr3+ and Cu2+ is not detected. These facts are inconsistent with the statistically distributed model for the Li(2) atom. In specific cases at 300 K, when the wings of the two spectrum lines of theM→M+1 and theM+2 →M+3 transitions of Fe3+ ions belonging to one system of translationally equivalent positions overlap an extra line appears in the center between these lines. It is suggested that this effect is due to the soft phonon mode above the phase transition temperature.

The expansion of the {B2} and {B4} tensors of the spin Hamiltonian (SH) for Mn2+ (6S-state) is performed in terms of the irreducible tensor products {VL1 ⊗VL2}2 and {VL1 ⊗VL2}4 of the crystal field (CF) tensors {VL1} and {VL2}. The EPR spectra of Mn2+ in the ZnSeO4·6H2O crystal are studied and the SH tensors {B2} and {B4} are calculated. The tensors {V4⊗V4}2 and {V4⊗V4}4 are computed using the point-charge model (PCM) of the [Zn(H2O)6] complex with the C2 symmetry and are compared with the SH tensors {B2} and {B4}, respectively. The correct signs of the elements and the pseudo-symmety axes of the tensors are obtained both for the {B2} tensor and {V4⊗V4}2 and for the {B4} tensor and {V4⊗V4}4. It is concluded that the irreducible tensor products {V4⊗V4}2 and {V4⊗V4}4 provide the predominant contribution respectively to the SH tensors {B2} and {B4} of Mn2+.

EPR data (i.e. the distribution of Mn2+ in carbonate rocks and of free radicals in terrigenous rocks) may be used to characterize sedimentary beds, especially if they are unfossilferous. The study of the distribution of Mn2+ that substitutes Mg2+ and Ca2+ in sedimentary dolomites suggests that the distribution is affected by their genesis.

The orientational dependences of the EPR spectra of Fe3+-doped LiCaAlF6 single crystals (space group P31c, Z=2), grown at the Laboratory of Magnetic Radio Spectroscopy at Kazan’ State University, have been investigated in detail. The spectrum is described by a trigonal spin Hamiltonian with the following parameters: B 20=40.072×10−4 cm−1, B 40=−5.799×10−4 cm−1, B 43=−4.281×10−4 cm−1, A s=24.33±1, A p=6.13±1, g ∥=g ⊥=2.00217±0.0003. A theoretical calculation of the hyperfine structure parameters shows that they are described quite well when allowance is made for the overlapping of the wave functions of the paramagnetic center and the ligands (F−).

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of a natural single crystal of natrolite was carried out at the frequency nu=36.772 GHz at room temperature. The angular dependence of the four symmetry-related spectra of Fe(3+) in the three crystallographic planes was fitted to a spin Hamiltonian (S=5/2) of symmetry C(i). The rank 4 crystal field tensors at tetrahedral sites were calculated using the point-charge model to determine the principal axes orientations of their cubic and trigonal components. The analysis of zero-field splitting tensors and comparison with crystal field ones suggests that Fe(3+) substitutes for Al(3+) with no significant distortion of the coordination tetrahedron in natrolite. Comparison of data for several natural and synthetic crystals reveals that the 4-rank zero-field splitting tensor invariants for Fe(3+) at the tetrahedral oxygen-coordinated sites are distinguishably smaller than those for Fe(3+) at octahedral sites. Such comparative analysis may help to determine the substitutional sites in other crystals.

The results of our research on travertine-like barite by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) are presented. The growth of these crystals was held in continuous motion of gas-water solutions at a constant radiation exposure of the nuclei 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K. The objective of this work was to identify the crystal-structure features of travertine-like barite associated with growth conditions under the influence of radiation exposure. Radiographic studies of barite samples have shown that the aggregates are virtually mono-mineral formations. It has a compressed unit cell with lower volume and higher density compared to the parameters of sedimentary barites. Only weak lines of the EPR spectrum of the ion-radical SO 2 − were fixed in the natural sample of barite. Therefore, laboratory experiments were carried out with X-ray ionization of samples, not only of the original rock, but also of samples exposed to thermal annealing. The EPR spectra of the following ion radicals: О − (g xx =2.0186; g yy =2.0121; g zz =2.0093), SO 2 − (g xx =2.0033; g yy =2.0126; g zz =2.0105) and two type - SO 3 − (I) (g xx =2.0034; g yy =2.0024; g zz =1.9995), SO 3 - (II) (g xx =2.0076; g yy =2.0022; g zz =1.9979) were detected after X-ray irradiation. The intensities of the lines of the observed EPR spectra of ion radicals change with annealing temperature. Paramagnetic centres form an integrated system with the structure of the crystal. Within the system, the transfer of electrons and holes is observed.

The schemes for division of holohedral simple forms of crystals into conjugated simple forms are derived by decomposition of the symmetry group of the primitive sublattice into double cosets. The number of equivalently oriented simple forms in the intergrowth of crystals, whose primitive space sublattices are parallel to one another, is equal to the number of holohedral permutational conjugated simple forms, which has the value 992 for all the 32 symmetry classes.