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Sleep evolutionarily persists in all species, and sleep disturbance is the general pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, circadian stress, and electromagnetic load/overload. Sleep quality in human decreases with age, and disruption of normal sleep architecture often precedes the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. The lymphatic system, which cleans the brain of protein waste, is mostly active during sleep. Chronic stress remodels and restructures the lymphatic vasculature. The glymphatic system because of its dependence on glial cells — non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that do not produce electrical impulses but support and protect neurons. The present and functional lymphatic vascular system is found in the meninges that cover the central CNS. This unexpected (rediscovery) discovery led to a reassessment of fluid and solute drainage mechanisms in the CNS, neuroimmune interactions, and the involvement of meningeal lymph nodes in the onset and progression of neurological disorders. Various factors affecting meningeal lymphatic function, such as growth factor signaling and aging, and their effect on the continuous flow of brain-derived molecules and meningeal immune cells to the cervical lymph nodes. Discovery of the role of the lymphatic vasculature draining the CNS in various pathologies that have a strong neuroinflammatory component, including brain injuries, tumors and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Neural networks that link sleep, aging, lymphatic system clearance and protein aggregation have shed new light on the pathogenesis of a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases for which lymphatic system failure may represent a therapeutically targeted end-to-end common pathway.

The complex more than Alzheimer’s disease 115-year-old problem paradigm is an author’s multidisciplinary response through the prism of fundamental applied algorithms/tools/technologies to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this neurodegeneration. Homo sapiens brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social information exchange paradigms. The achievement of research N. P. Romanchuk is the establishment of many genetic and epigenetic factors of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. The introduction of copyright developments in the last 15 years has made it possible to form a system of algorithms and tools for managing neuroplasticity. Modified combined EEG/PET and PET/fMRI methods and hybrid PET/CT/MRI technologies are combined functional and structural neuroimaging. Modern communications are multilevel, multiparadigmal, and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. Neurogenetics is a center for multidisciplinary and interagency research using best practices, involving 5P Medicine and 5G technology. In studies, N.P. Romanchuk showed that for the new neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, for the management of human neuroplasticity and biological age, for the modern neurophysiology and neurorehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders, sufficient functional and energy nutrition of the brain is necessary using modern neurotechnologies of nuclear medicine. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting cognitive impairment and cognitive disorders, using combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to begin timely and effective rehabilitation of the H. sapiens brain. The brain of H. sapiens is the next frontier for healthcare. The merger of combined and hybrid neuroimaging methods with artificial intelligence technologies allows us to understand and diagnose neurological disorders and find new methods of rehabilitation and medical and social support that will lead to improved mental health. The severity of cognitive impairment largely depends on the time of early prevention, the severity of depressive disorder, the age of the patient, neuroendocrine, cerebral and cerebrovascular pathology.

On the basis of the muscular contraction theory analyses the problem of the ‘benign cramp’ skeletal muscles occurrence is investigated. It is shown that existing biophysical theory of the muscles contraction, ‘the theory of sliding threads’ allows explain occurrence of cramps if to use the standard positions: contraction of a muscle occurs passively, without expenses of ATP energy; undocking actin-myosin complex in the cellular power mechanism is carried out with use of energy of ATP hydrolysis. The cramp arises at a delay of ATP arrival in area of actin-myosin complex that slows down undocking myosin bridges from actin threads. It is marked, that use of preparations of magnesium, which ions in part replace ions of calcium similar on chemical properties, reduces an opportunity of a cramp occurrence. In article the biophysical bases of muscular contraction are considered: a conclusion of the Hill’s equation, power developed by a muscle, etc. which confirm a role of speed of the calcium ions supply in area of the actin-myosin power mechanism at occurrence of cramps. If part of the calcium ions is replaced by magnesium ions, then the strength of muscle contraction decreases, and convulsions do not occur. Calcium ions are universal intracellular intermediaries capable of regulating a huge variety of intracellular processes: exocytosis, insertion of receptors into the membrane, triggering protein synthesis, influence on learning and memory processes.

The study addresses the problematic issues of neurorehabilitation of Alzheimer’s disease and achieving individual circadian and chronobiological health, increasing the potential for synchronized work of the cognitive and visceral brains of humans. Circadian stress causes sleep disturbance and neuropsychiatric disorders with a suspected high prevalence of circadian dysregulation. The stress response and reproductive cycle are controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, respectively. Neuroendocrine circadian rhythms associated with stress response and reproduction by age-related prediction and mathematical modeling of the HPA and HPG axes as neural networks of interconnected oscillators. The updated complex (hybrid) problem “Alzheimer’s disease” is solved by modeling and predicting neurorehabilitation algorithms (tools, technologies, etc.) of Alzheimer’s disease, with the help of modern achievements of neuroscience and nuclear medicine. Alzheimer's disease is the evolutionary, genetic and epigenetic routing of Homo Sapiens, with the introduction of the BAYAM- 365/22/77 rehabilitation program (Alzheimer’s disease & nuclear medicine) and medical and social neurocommunications and accompaniments (Neuroscience Research Institute, 2022). New tools of bioelementology and nutritionology of the brain are in demand not only in endocrinology, cardiology, geriatrics, neurology and psychiatry, but also in the long-term work of a qualified mind and in neuroeconomics. The effectiveness and stability of achieving the set targets is ensured by the author’s technologies of multidisciplinary and interdepartmental support of Homo sapiens on eight platforms: educational, religious, medical, social, economic, information, chronobiological and chronomedicine. Strategic is the development and implementation of combined and hybrid algorithms / schemes / tools / enhancement technologies, both the effectiveness of the introduction of new methods of neurophysiological and neuroendocrinological longevity routing, and the achievement of long-term minimization of side effects in H. sapiens.

Alzheimer’s disease is the evolutionary, genetic and epigenetic routing of Homo sapiens , with the introduction of the ADNM - 365/22/77 (Alzheimer’s Disease & Nuclear Medicine) rehabilitation program and medical and social neurocommunications and accompaniments (Research Institute of Neuroscience, 2022). Innovative neuromodulation methods in combined neuroendocrine therapy/rehabilitation (drug, non-pharmacological, etc.) predict the protection of brain aging. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme was introduced: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster has been developed and implemented in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment and cognitive disorders. Bioelectromagnetic characteristics of light exposure to the visual analyzer, is the strongest synchronizing signal for the circadian system and optimal operation of Homo sapiens brain. Optimization of neurobiological and chronomedicine processes is possible with the circadian production of melatonin and ensuring its long-term concentration in the human body. Sex hormones have numerous protective and antioxidant effects in the adult brain, increasing neural function and resistance and promoting neuronal survival. As the body ages, there is a relatively rapid loss of ovarian hormones in women after menopause and a gradual but indeed significant decrease in testosterone in men. Reproductive aging in both men and women has a negative effect on neural function and represents a significant age-related risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, primarily Alzheimer's disease. A key positive factor in all studies is the age of initiation of menopausal hormone therapy, early initiation of menopausal hormone therapy is protective against Alzheimer's disease. Neuroendocrinological multimodal methods make it possible to significantly increase the duration of an active and high-quality healthy life of a person. The start time of exogenous estrogen therapy was also highly significantly associated with the risk of dementia: if hormone replacement therapy began in the first 5 years after the onset of menopause, the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease was significantly lower. In addition, estrogens act in the brain, regulating a wide range of behaviors and physiological functions in both sexes.

Modern neurotechnologies of nuclear medicine, a new 5P of Medicine and 5G technology have made a discovery in solving the problem of Alzheimer's disease. Ten-year author's experience in implementing research results (algorithms/tools/inventions) allowed for successful medical rehabilitation of cognitive impairment and increased (healthy/qualitative/cultural/religious) life expectancy. Romanchuk N.P. research on mitigating the effects of circadian stress on healthy longevity of Homo sapiens has opened multidisciplinary targeted opportunities for psychiatrists, neurologists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and geriatricians. Genetic and epigenetic therapy of age-dependent endothelial dysfunction in vascular aging is strategic, in the activities of active longevity. Modern neurotechnologies of nuclear medicine, a new 5P of Medicine and 5G technology have made a discovery in solving the problem of Alzheimer's disease. In the studies of Romanchuk N.P., it is shown that for new neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, to manage human neuroplasticity and biological age, for modern neurophysiology and neurorehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders, sufficient functional and energy nutrition of the brain is needed using modern neurotechnologies of nuclear medicine: radioprotective pharmaceuticals and nutricology, radio modulators and radiomythiters. An increase in the combined total risk on the brain of Homo sapiens is being investigated: pathological accelerated brain aging, cerebral COVID-19 exposure, nuclear medicine technologies. Modern principles of rational design of nanomaterials optimize therapeutic effectiveness, therefore, systematic generalization of achievements in this field allows developing new highly effective nanoradioprotectors with maximization of drug effectiveness. Combined drug platform and enriched bioelementology and nutritionology (brain/microbiota and genome/epigenome), hybrid neuroimaging and nuclear medicine neurotechnologies work both proactively and in long-term medical rehabilitation programs. The Homo sapiens brain health cultural paradigm in the ten-year study Active Longevity: Genome Biophysics, Nutrigenomics, Nutrigenetics, Revitalization Activates the Penetration of Evolutionary and Socio-Cognitive Human Brain Neurocommunications into Modern Nuclear Medicine Neurotechnologies, a new 5P of Medicine and 5G technology.

Hormones, having their own unique rhythms of secretion, have a systemic effect on all organs and systems of the human body. Combined mathematical modeling and experimental approaches have shown that these rhythms are the result of regulatory processes occurring at many levels of the body and require constant dynamic balancing, especially in response to stimuli. In a review of the literature, we have shown how such a hybrid approach has been successfully applied to unravel the complex mechanisms of regulation of carbohydrate metabolism (metabolic axis), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes. In addition, the prospects for further development of this direction are shown.

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological basics of formation of mathematical competences as a key condition of training prospective engineers in higher technical educational institutions. The study considers the problem of prospective engineers’ mathematical training implementation based on the competence approach aiming at future activity in industrial production field on the level of world standards. On the basis of the analysis of modern concepts essence, purpose, and management of prospective engineers’ training in higher technical educational establishments from the perspective of the competence approach realization are reconsidered. Mathematical education is considered as a basis for the training of technical specialists. Despite the fact that the issue of professional development of higher technical educational institutions students was given considerable attention in the research of the scientific community, the problem of forming their mathematical competences remained insufficiently covered and was not the subject of a dedicated special research. The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of prospective engineers’ mathematical competences formation as a basis for their professional training. Theoretical research methods were used during research, namely: study and analysis of psychological-pedagogical, legal and special literature on the researched issue; analysis of state educational standards, programs, textbooks and teaching materials. The specifics of teaching mathematical disciplines in higher technical educational institutions are determined. The basic techniques and principles of realization of the competence approach in education are reviwed. The stages of prospective engineers’ professional competence formation are characterized. The article focuses on personal values of a prospective engineering specialist in the process of professional competence formation. Procedural, technological, logical, research and methodological components of mathematical competence of technical specialists are described. The article proves on the effectiveness of prospective engineers’ mathematical competences formation in order to train highly qualified specialists of technical field in higher technical educational institutions.

The central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to decode the activity of the human brain, that is, to extract mental processes from the observed patterns of activation of the entire brain. Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various methods to directly or indirectly depict the structure, function, pharmacology, bioelementology, and nutritionology of the nervous system. The functional brain imaging category is used to diagnose metabolic disorders at the earliest stages of disease development. Further structural-functional and cognitive development of the brain will require quantitative and qualitative provision of new tools of bioelementology and brain nutritionology. In the studies by N. P. Romanchuk, it is shown that for new neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, to manage human neuroplasticity and biological age, for modern neurophysiology and neurorehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders, sufficient functional and energy nutrition of the brain is needed using modern neurotechnologies of nuclear medicine. Combined EEG/PET and PET/fMRI methods and hybrid PET/CT/MRI technologies are a combination of functional and structural neuroimaging. The main advantage of PET — molecular imaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, is to help clinicians (neurologists, psychiatrists, or geriatricians) determine an etiological diagnosis in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, especially when clinical diagnosis using standard tools is uncertain. Therefore, the search for early diagnostic markers, especially relatively inexpensive and non-traumatic ones, as well as the search for new therapeutic targets for preventive dementia therapy, is an extremely urgent scientific task. Systemic neurocognitive and neuroeconomic decision-making is becoming one of the greatest quality life problems of Homo sapiens in the 21st century. Research continues on human decision neuroprocesses at neurocognitive, neurosocial and neuroeconomic levels. Qualified mind creates and improves the cognitive potential of the brain. Neuroimaging for neuroeconomics and decision-making — the Secret of cognitive brain neuroscience H. sapiens of the 21st century — using neurobiological, neurophysiological and neurosocial technologies (methods, tools) to influence economic decision-making.

New insights into the mechanisms underlying the action of macro- and trace elements on the brain and the microbiota-gut-brain axis will promote the development of food interventions aimed at optimizing brain function and preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders and other age-related conditions. Rehabilitation of the seven most common deficiencies of trace elements: iron, zinc, copper, selenium, cobalt, chromium and iodine can increase global IQ, cognitive brain neurocommunication and the intellectual development of Homo sapiens in the 21st century. Further structural-functional and cognitive development of the brain will require quantitative and qualitative provision of new tools of bioelementology and brain nutritionology. N. P. Romanchuk studies show that for new neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, to manage human neuroplasticity and biological age, for modern neurophysiology and neurorehabilitation of cognitive impairment and cognitive disorders, sufficient functional and energy nutrition of the brain is needed. Authors’ works in the creation of a new protective functional and epigenetic nutrition, the clinical application of strategic combined and hybrid methods and tools in the neurorehabilitation of the circadian system, the use of artificial intelligence in the functioning of the “cognitive brain” and “visceral brain” and brain-microbiota neural networks are a promising applied direction in personalized medicine. Psychoneuroimmunological communications and neuroendocrinological multimodal methods make it possible to significantly increase the duration of an active and high-quality healthy life of a person. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and neuroeconomics play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making, in creating a fundamentally new theory that will explain our decisions with genes, neuronal activity, our brain's perception of information, the influence of neurosociology and neuroevolution.

Systemic neurocognitive and neuroeconomic decision-making is becoming one of the greatest quality life problems of Homo sapiens in the 21st century. Human decision-making at neurocognitive, neurosocial and neuroeconomic levels has been investigated. Neuroplasticity management methods allow timely prevention of factors that reduce neuroplasticity, preserve factors of positive influence on neuroplasticity, and most importantly, timely use of combined methods of preserving and developing neuroplasticity of the human brain in practical healthcare (Romanchuk N. P., Moscow, 2016, Science and Education in the 21st Century). Modern science views man, humanity and the biosphere as a single system, with growing demographic, food and medical problems. The main engine of human longevity is when the microbiological memory of the microbiota remains stable, and the diet of functional (healthy) dietary nutrition and the structure of healthy biomicrobiota function almost unchanged. Healthy biomicrobiota provides stability of functioning and timely reprogramming in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, in the work of bidirectional intestinal-brain connections of the “cognitive and visceral brain”. The role of cortisol, estrogen, testosterone and oxytocin has been established - in age-related changes in brain functions, and in the process of cognitive and socio-emotional aging. Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The introduction of copyright developments in the last decade has made it possible to form a system of algorithms and tools for managing neuroplasticity. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. Qualified mind — creates and improves the cognitive potential of the brain. The “neurointerface stone” of H. sapiens self-esteem for self-actualization and self-realization of personality is self-discovery, self-development, self-control, self-realization. Brain H. sapiens working in the mode of genius (talent, creativity) requires the creation and maintenance of modern neurocommunications between the new cortex and the hippocampus (memory library, memory winchester), the formation of new structural-functional neurocommunications in brain H. sapiens that occur continuously throughout life from birth to super-longevity and have creative advantages in the era of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing.

The neurosocial Golden Section of the new personality is formed on modern neurotheories of impaired thinking and memory, and is based on the heterogeneous and polymorphic nature of the new cognitive disorder. The achievements in the 21st century of biophysics, neurophysiology and neurogenetics, made it possible to implement a multidimensional approach to research in different fields of modern neuroscience, where each of the theories makes its unique contribution to solving the problems of new thinking and memory impairment. During the new neurogenomic seven-year period, a new personality was formed functioning on three platforms: the first — artificial intelligence and information overload, the second — chronic stress and depression, the third — self-actualization of individual religiosity. New neurosociology and modern neurocommunications are Security Tools and are able to manage and shape a new healthy personality. A new personality of the XXI century is formed and neurofunctions under the systemic genetic and epigenetic interaction: genome editing, bio chipping, total neuronavigation, 5G technologies.

Over a new seven-year period, a new personality was formed functioning on three platforms: the first — artificial intelligence and information overload, the second — chronic stress and depression, the third — the self-actualization of individual religiosity. Religiosity plays a major role in the dynamics of self-realization. Individual religiosity is defined by a mature person as a complex, integrative socio psychological property of a person, due to her having a special paradigm view of the world as created by God, and including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, identification and value components. An information new personality is the ability to manage information flows. Chronic stress and depression cause prolonged activation of the body’s adaptation reactions, lead to the development of mental, neurotic disorders and somatic diseases, reduce performance targets, and most importantly, reduce the cognitive brain and increase cognitive deficits, while all aspects of cognitive activity and the intelligence paradigm suffer. New neurosociology and modern neurocommunications are “security tools” and are able to manage and shape a new healthy personality.

Cognitive health and longevity is becoming one of the greatest problems of quality life of Homo sapiens in the 21st century. The achievement of author's research is the establishment of many genetic and epigenetic factors of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. New regulation of the fundamental mechanisms of cognitive health and longevity promotes early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cognitive deficits and cognitive disorders. The system of nature – society – is human: a holistic, dynamic, wave, open, steadily non-equilibrium system, with the isolation not only of internal ties, but also of external ones — with the space environment. Modern science views man, humanity and the biosphere as a single system, with growing demographic, food and medical problems. Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The introduction of copyright developments in the last decade has made it possible to form a system of algorithms and tools for managing neuroplasticity. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital healthcare contribute to the development of modern neurobial and neuromarketing. It has been investigated that circadian stress causes dysregulation of “H. sapiens brain software”, followed by disruption of the “cognitive” and “visceral” brains. The circadian rhythms of the body are programmed by the circadian gene system. Circadian clock and circadian system — are a biophysical and biochemical regulator of immune defense. The circadian synchronization system is an evolutionary software product of the “biocomputer” for the survival and preparation of the body for the expected cyclic challenges, of various epigenetic orientations. Chronotherapeutic and psychochronobiological groups and population categories allow to block the transition of cognitive impairment into cognitive disorders. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of much, including predicting cognitive impairment and cognitive disorders, with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to begin the timely and effective rehabilitation of brain H. sapiens.

Neurophysiological and cardioneurological polyfunctional studies of the brain-heart system in the rehabilitation of neurological patients using high medical technologies will help answer many questions related to the optimization of patient management in combined cerebral and cardiac pathology in the recovery period. Late chronotype and later sleep patterns are associated with greater morbidity, including higher rates of metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous studies have been adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, sleep duration, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities. Age groups, especially being a defined evening type, were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of all comorbidities. The results suggest increased mortality in evening types and increased levels of cardiometabolic risk factors in these groups. The risk of mortality in evening types may be due to behavioral, psychological, and physiological risk factors, many of which may be associated with chronic inconsistencies between internal physiological timelines and external working and social activities. Multilevel and interneural interactions are a leading factor in the formation of higher mental functions and self-development of the personality. Circadian homeostasis regulates and synchronizes the functions of adult stem cells and their changes during aging, as well as modulates their external and internal mechanisms. The circadian clock synchronizes cellular physiology with daily environmental changes and can both positively and negatively affect physiological processes. Circadian onset of CVD often shows a change in the time of day and is associated with the molecular clock system. Acute myocardial infarction or ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia) occurs mainly early in the morning. Numerous biochemical and physiological parameters show a circadian rhythm that may explain daily variations in cardiovascular events. These include fluctuations in blood pressure, autonomic nervous system and renin-angiotensin axis activity, blood clotting cascade, vascular tone and intracellular metabolism of cardiomyocytes. New insights into the molecular and cellular pathways by which cardiovascular events occur in a daily oscillatory pattern will help create a new therapeutic approach to CVD treatment. Research continues on the updated modern problem of circadian brain and heart neurocommunications during the period of electromagnetic and information load/overload, the influence of new genetics and epigenetics, changes in hemostasis and homeostasis, the formation of new immunity and microbiota, in conjunction with modern neurobite and neuromarketing, with 5P Medicine and 5G technologies of neurocommunication.

Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. Neurogenetics is a center for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research using advanced methods, with the participation of 5P Medicine and 5G technology. Human genome sequencing was an important scientific milestone that revolutionized biology and medicine. The Human Genome Project is a neurogenetic routing from the 20th to the 21st century, numerous discoveries due to the collaboration between discerning clinicians and technically innovative fundamental scientists. Genomic engineering, genome editing and gene editing refer to modifications (inserts, deletions, substitutions) in the genome of a living organism. Modern genome editing is based on clustered regularly alternating short palindromic repeats and associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). In prokaryotes, CRISPR-Cas9 is an adaptive immune system that naturally protects cells from viral DNA infections. CRISPR-Cas9 has been modified to create a universal genome editing technology that has a wide range of applications in medicine, agriculture and basic gene function research. sleep is the main tool and mechanism in the formation of cognitive memory, its quantitative and qualitative volume, the integration of the transition to a qualitatively new level of self-development and self-improvement, which allows you to create a new intellectual “qualifying mind”. The 21st century Homo sapiens will have the ability to understand physiological and neurophysiological sleep patterns, manage and change their sleep habits. Digitization of sleep is the future for the development of industry, health, science and personalized health.

The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. Immune homeostasis is the balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses — a key feature in the outcome of health or disease. A healthy microbiota is the qualitative and quantitative ratio of diverse microbes of individual organs and systems, maintaining the biochemical, metabolic and immune equilibrium of the macroorganism necessary to preserve human health. Functional foods, healthy biomicrobiota, healthy lifestyle and controlled protective environmental effects, artificial intelligence and electromagnetic information load/overload are responsible for the work of the human immune system and its ability to respond to pandemic attacks in a timely manner. Obesity continues to be one of the main problems of modern health care due to its high prevalence and polymorbidity. In addition to cardiometabolic diseases, lesions of the musculoskeletal system, obese individuals show impaired cognitive functions, have a high risk of developing depression and anxiety. The gut microbiota mediates between environmental influences (food, lifestyle) and the physiology of the host, and its change may partially explain the cross-link between the above pathologies. It is known that Western eating patterns are the main cause of the obesity epidemic, which also contributes to dysbiotic drift of the gut microbiota, which in turn contributes to the development of complications associated with obesity. Experimental studies in animal models and, to a lesser extent in humans, show that microbiota is associated with obesity and may contribute to the endocrine, neurochemical and development of systemic inflammation underlying obesity itself and related diseases. Nevertheless, a number of questions remain at present. Modeling the microbiota-gut-brain axis, provides the brain with information from the gut not only through the nervous system but also through a continuous stream of microbial, endocrine, metabolic and immune messages. The communication network provides important keys to understanding how obesity and diabetes can affect the brain by provoking neuropsychiatric diseases. The literature review is devoted to the analysis of data on the relationship of the gut-brain axis, obesity and cognitive functions, immune homeostasis and new competencies: psychoneuroimmunology and psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology.

The “cognitive reserve” construct is a set of variables, including intelligence, education, and mental stimulation, that presumably allows the brain to adapt to underlying pathologies, supporting cognitive function despite underlying neural changes. Brain Homo Sapiens also points to resistance to neuropathological damage and can be defined as the ability to optimize or maximize performance through an effective set of neural networks and/or alternative cognitive strategies. Learning in childhood, the level of education and activities for adults — all this independently contributes to the formation of a cognitive reserve. The introduction of biocomputer nanoplatforms and modules consisting of small molecules, polymers, nucleic acids or proteins/peptides, nanoplatforms are programmed to detect and process external stimuli, such as magnetic fields or light, or internal stimuli, such as nucleic acids, enzymes or pH, using three different mechanisms: system assembly, system disassembly or system transformation. Current biocomputer nanoplatforms are invaluable for many applications, including medical diagnostics, biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and delivery of therapeutic drugs to target cell populations. The future implementation of systems biology and systems neurophysiology paradigms based on complex analysis of large and deep heterogeneous data sources will be crucial to achieve a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, using current brain-computer and artificial intelligence interface technologies, in order to increase information that can be extracted from preclinical and clinical indicators. Integration of different sources of information will allow researchers to obtain a new holistic picture of the pathophysiological process of the disease, which will cover from molecular changes to cognitive manifestations. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. Medical and social support for active healthy longevity is possible when synchronizing information systems of medical organizations and social institutions, introducing a single neurophysiological circuit and modern neurointerfaces, a combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders. A key factor in medical and social support is the participation of interdisciplinary business employees and data processing specialists (their support, monitoring), as well as the availability of sufficient staff literacy in data management.

Modern digital healthcare, biophysics and biology create new problems that stimulate the development of a new biophysical circuit and mathematical models from nuclear fusion (nuclear medicine) to genomic cell-organizational prognosis in neurophysiology, neuroendocrinology, psychoneuroimmunology and psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology. In this case, the following are effectively used: deterministic, stochastic, hybrid, multiscale modeling methods, as well as analytical and computational methods. The solution of a genetical-mathematical problem of interaction of cages of human population and virus population in relation to COVID-19 pandemic problem is submitted. A mathematical model based on the Hardy-Weinberg law is used, consisting of two interdependent differential equations. The equations reflect the temporal dynamics of the cells of human and viral populations during their interaction. Solutions of differential equations were found and the results of these solutions were analyzed. The pandemic duration is estimated using parameters of human liver cells and influenza virus. Perspective of further development of psychoneuroimmunology as interdisciplinary science, through algorithms and routing of digital health care, with expansion of psychoneurocommunications of professional interests in medicine, economics, sociology, cultural studies is shown. Modern neurobes and neuromarketing are built around Homo sapiens within a “reasonable environment” — a healthy individual space.

The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. Immune homeostasis is the balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses — a key feature in the outcome of health or disease. A healthy microbiota is the qualitative and quantitative ratio of diverse microbes of individual organs and systems, maintaining the biochemical, metabolic and immune equilibrium of the macroorganism necessary to preserve human health. The studies of P. I. Romanchuk found that the microbiota is a key element potentially capable of influencing antigen functions to induce a protective immune response and the ability of the immune system to adequately respond to antigenic stimulation (vaccine efficacy) by acting as an immunological modulator as well as a natural vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system play a crucial role, especially at an early age (early gut microbiota forms immunological functions). New interactions, along with other genetic and environmental factors, lead to a certain composition and richness of the microbiota, which can diversify the individual response to vaccinations. Variations in microbial communities may explain the geographical effectiveness of vaccination. Modern technologies for quantifying the specific and functional characteristics of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, along with fundamental and new concepts in the field of immunology, have revealed numerous ways in which the interaction of the host and microbiota proceeds favorably, neutrally or unfavorably. The gut microbiota has a strong influence on the shape and quality of the immune system, respectively, the immune system determines the composition and localization of the microbiota. Thus, a healthy microbiota directly modulates intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. The new managed healthy biomicrobiota and personalized functional and balanced nutrition of the “brain and microbiota” is a patient's long-term medical program that allows the combined use of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacepigenetics, and most importantly, an increase in the protective mechanisms of immunity.

The analysis of some features of a brain work under condition of representation of a neocortex as set of cyclic neural circuits — cells of memory, has allowed understand many effects of a brain work. In particular the essence of a cognitive, creative activity, possible pathological conditions of memory: Alzheimer’s disease, etc. is investigated. Consideration of some other structures of a brain: hippocampus, entorhinal cortex has allowed understand a phenomenon of dream, its modes, essence of dreams, functionalities of a brain during dream, etc. Mathematical modelling of the electroencephalogram rhythms carried out during phases of slow dream. Interrelation of the rhythm’s frequency of slow dream with distance between the next cyclic neural circuits is shown.

The human immune system and microbiota jointly evolve, and their balanced systemic interaction occurs throughout life. This close association of both overall composition and microbiota richness plays an important role in modulating host immunity and can influence the immune response in vaccination. The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. A new managed healthy biomicrobiota and personalized functional and balanced “brain and microbiota” nutrition is a patient’s long-term medical program that allows the combined use of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacepigenetics, and most importantly, the prevention of polypharmacy. A functional food product using biomarkers and artificial intelligence technologies is a targeted nutrient medium for both the body as a whole and biomicrobiota in particular. Lifestyle and environmental factors leave epigenetic traces on our DNA that affect gene expression, some have protective effects and others are harmful. Genetic and epigenetic factors that ensure longevity and super-longevity require a reasonable new interaction with nature and society, and responsibility for future healthy generations. In the studies of P. I. Romanchuk, it was shown that an increase in the average life expectancy of a person and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of the neural network interaction of the human brain with artificial intelligence. The microbiota is a key element potentially capable of affecting antigen functions to elicit a protective immune response and the ability of the immune system to adequately respond to antigenic stimulation (vaccine efficacy) by acting as an immunological modulator as well as a natural vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system play a crucial role, especially at an early age (early gut microbiota forms immunological functions). New interactions, along with other genetic and environmental factors, lead to a certain composition and richness of the microbiota, which can diversify the individual response to vaccinations. Variations in microbial communities may partly explain the geographical heterogeneity in vaccination success, and a deep understanding of this dynamics may be a tool for improving immunization strategies.

Aging is associated with generally accepted changes in brain functions, including cognitive ones. In addition, age makes its own adjustments to the work of the endocrine system. In turn, a change in the hormonal background during the aging process imprints the work of brain cells, cognitive functions, and socio-emotional functioning. Investigated, the relationship between sex hormones, cortisol, oxytocin and cognitive and socio-emotional functioning. Sex hormones are involved in neurite growth, synaptogenesis, dendritic branching, myelination, and other important mechanisms of neural plasticity. Physiological and pathological conceptualized theories suggest how sex hormones potentially cause neuroplasticity changes through four neurochemical neurotransmitter systems: serotonin, dopamine, GABA and glutamate. Many brain regions express high density estrogen and progesterone receptors such as the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. The hippocampus is of particular importance in the context of mediating structural plasticity in the adult brain, differences in behavior, neurochemical patterns and structure of the hippocampus with a changing hormonal environment have been investigated. There is a significant association between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating pathology, and substance abuse. Higher levels of emotion regulation are associated with a high level of social competence.

Along with many physiological changes during normal aging, sleep also changes. Age-related changes in sleep include: a decrease in the duration of night sleep, an increase in the frequency of falling asleep during the day, an increase in the number of night awakenings and time spent without sleep during the night, a decrease in the phase of slow sleep, etc. Most of these changes occur between the young and the middle and remain unchanged in the elderly. In addition, the circadian system and homeostatic sleep mechanisms become less stable with aging. The level and nature of the secretion of hormones acting on sleep change during normal aging, which affects the processes of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep indicators are interrelated and/or dependent on lifestyle, polymorbidity (somatic, psychological), polypharmacy, epigenetic (social, economic, environmental, etc.) factors. Increased average human life expectancy and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of human brain neural network interaction with artificial intelligence.

Circadian stress causes dysregulation of brain Homo sapiens software followed by impairment of the cognitive and visceral brains. The body’s circadian rhythms are programmed with a system of circadian genes. Circadian clock and circadian system — are the biophysical and biochemical regulators of immune protection. Circadian synchronization system is an evolutionary software product of biocomputer for survival and preparation of the organism for expected cyclic challenges, different epigenetic orientation. Understanding the temporal relationship between stressors and stress reactions is critical to understanding the molecular foundations of the physiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Chronic stress and circadian mismatch trigger a cascade of failures in the functioning of neurophysiological, neuroendocrine, and psychoneuroimmune mechanisms. Epigenetic loading and allostatic overload reduce both the body’s overall workability and its physical, occupational, and cognitive components. Circadian stress has a pathological effect on a person, in all his age periods of life. The level of disease exposure depends on the stability of the body’s protective systems. In the works of N. P. Romanchuk, it is established that modern solution to the problem of rehabilitation of cognitive brain H. sapiens with the use, on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and on the other — multidisciplinary interaction of neurophysiologist with clinical universal specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, and geriatrics. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of much, including predicting cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders, through combined and hybrid neuroimaging, next-generation sequencing, etc., with the aim of initiating timely and effective rehabilitation of brain H. sapiens. Chronotherapy and psychochronobiological strategies to protect various groups and categories of the population from the effects of circadian stress allow blocking the transition of cognitive disorders to cognitive disorders. The skin is a unique synchronized near interface of the skin-circadian system, and the condition of the skin of the face and hands is an individual indicator (biomarker) of the effect of chronic circadian stress on accelerated (premature) aging of the human body.

Depression is a destructive syndrome, with allostatic overload and transient dysregulation of neurological, metabolic and immunological status functions, as well as reprogramming in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Depression causes pathological changes in the secretion and motility of the digestive system, and failure of bidirectional intestinal-brain connections modify the intestinal microbiota. Chronic depression destabilizes the “cognitive and visceral brain”. The neuroendocrine component of the new neural network brain models and controls molecular, functional, behavioral and Autonomous responses in response to the formation (creation, cultivation) of a new healthy biomicrobiota. Constant self-organization of functional systems of the body is provided by homeostatic regulation in the framework of deterministic and stochastic science. The architecture and functions of the brain support efficient energy regulation. The internal model of the brain negatively affects the development and maintenance of depression. For example, mood, motor, autonomic, immune, metabolic, and circadian dysregulations indicate a Central problem with ineffective energy regulation. Depression is an internal pattern associated with distress, mental withdrawal from the world, and physical withdrawal from the world. Allostasis and depression, allostatic dysregulation and instantaneous distress are based on the fundamental multidisciplinary role of metabolism. The author's work in the creation of a new protective functional and epigenetic nutrition, the clinical application of strategic combined and hybrid methods and tools in the neurorehabilitation of the circadian system, the use of artificial intelligence in the functioning of the “cognitive brain” and “visceral brain” and the “brain-microbiota” neural networks are promising applications in personalized medicine. Psychoneuroimmunological communications and neuroendocrinological multimodal methods can significantly increase the duration of an active and high-quality healthy life.

Biological electrical magnetism of light and neural networks of the brain is the adaptation and optimization of external and internal lighting conditions (type, nature, duration) to improve the cognitive brain. Homo sapiens brain operates in a 24-hour biological electrical magnetic environment. Light is the strongest synchronizing signal for the circadian system, and therefore keeps most biological and psychological rhythms internally synchronized, which is important for the optimal functioning of H. sapiens brain. Circadian Sleep–Wake disorders and chronic circadian misalignment, often seen in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, may be effective in neurorehabilitation of cognitive impairment. Beneficial effects on circadian synchronization, sleep quality, mood and cognitive performance-depend on the time, intensity and spectral composition of light exposure. Multidisciplinary and multimodal interaction in the triad “brain–eyes–vessels” allows to identify early biomarkers of both General accelerated and pathological aging, and timely diagnose neurodegeneration, and conduct effective neurorehabilitation of cognitive disorders. Control and treatment of vascular risk factors and endocrine disorders can reduce the prevalence of long-term disability among the elderly population. Combined and hybrid methods of neuroimaging in conjunction with artificial intelligence technologies, allow to understand and diagnose neurological disorders and find new methods of neurorehabilitation and medical and social support that will lead to improved mental health. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme is proposed: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders has been developed and implemented.

Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease of bone tissue, characterized by adecrease in bone density and microarchitectonic disorders under the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors, which makes the bone fragile and increases the risk of fractures. However, theexact mechanism for the development of osteoporosis is not fully understood. Hundreds of trillions of microorganisms live in the human gut, maintaining a close symbiotic relationship with the host's body and its health. With the development of modern sequencing platforms, there is growing evidence that the gut microbiome may play an important role in bone metabolism. This literature review is devoted to the analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the development of osteoporosis and possible therapeutic strategies involving probiotics, prebiotics, antibacterial drugs, and diet aimed at increasing bone density.

Sexuality is one of the most important aspects of every person’s life, which depends on many factors, including biological, psychological, social, cultural, ethnic, religious. Female sexuality is a very delicate and complex process; it is a balance between psycho-emotional reactions and cyclical fluctuations in the hormonal background. With the increase in life expectancy, modern women spend a significant part of it in the period of change pause, and post-menopause. Themenopausal period is often accompanied by a decrease in sexual activity due to a number of hormonal, psychological, and physical changes: vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes), urogenital changes (dryness, soreness, discomfort during intercourse, urinary incontinence), sleep disturbances, mood swings, decreased sex drive, decreased self-confidence. Often, women perceive this situation as something inevitable, something that you just need to put up with, so they rarely seek help from a doctor. Although it is obvious that sexual health greatly affects the self-esteem, quality of life, psychological and physical health of every woman. That is why a very urgent issue in the modern world is the further study of the reasons for the decrease in sexuality in the menopausal period and the search for a solution to this problem.

Summary Assessment of landslide hazard forecasting and development of preventive measures is impossible without full assessment of causes and determination of failure characteristics of rock complexes, which are based on a set of field measurements, paleotectonic and structural research. Integrated study of structural data with geomorphological and external factors demonstrated that the local paleogeodynamics of the Eastern Carpathians is characterized by its regional uniqueness of such paleotectonic movements as compression and displacement of mountain ranges in the north-eastern direction and the formation of a system of large and small thrust. The angular relations between the main vector of the directions of erosion forms and the orientation of the hypothetical axes of the main normal stresses is not only vertical but also is left-sliding movements of hanging thrust blocks. The paleogeodynamic regularities could be the basis for establishing the structural paragenesis of different stages of thrust formation. The features of the thrusts of the Chornogorski thrust and Krosnenska zone could be used for the study of newest exogenous geodynamics These studies confirm that structural and tectonic factors play an important role in the landslide formation.

Modern technologies and tools for the rehabilitation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease have many potential applications for the treatment of dementia from diagnosis and evaluation to medical care, medical, social and economic support: from healthy aging, to accelerated and pathological aging of Homo sapiens. Doctor and neuroscientist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Systems biology, Biophysics, physiology, neurophysiology and highlight the multidimensional and combinatorial profiles of genetic, biological, pathophysiological and clinical biomarkers that reflects the heterogeneity of neurodegeneration, by means of modern efficient analysis tools to register and create comprehensive maps of the brain and recording of dynamic models in different systems: from molecules to neurons to brain regions. Bioinformatics, neuroimaging and neurophysiology of systems are aimed at calculating neural network models of the relationship between structure and dynamic function in brain networks. Structural and functional markers of the brain establish a link between clinical phenotypes and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms. Phenotypic variability is now considered one of the biggest problems in gerontology and geriatrics. MRI imaging to detect subtle changes in brain tissue and structure, fMRI imaging to measure changes in brain activity, and EEG to measure electrical activity have given clinicians many new insights into what happens in the brain in healthy and pathological ageing. The paradigm of system neurophysiology is aimed at studying the fundamental principles of functioning of integrated neural systems through the integration and analysis of neural information recorded in a multimodal way (for example, fMRI and EEG), through computational modelling and combining data mining methods. The ultimate goal of systemic neurophysiology is to find out how signals are represented in neocortical networks and what role many different neural components play. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer's disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain Homo Sapiens

DOCTOR and NEUROSCIENTIST: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation "cognitive brain" of Homo Sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another - a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist "universal" specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer's disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain Homo sapiens. The Homo Sapiens brain is the next frontier for health care. Through the fusion of combined and hybrid neuroimaging techniques with artificial intelligence technologies, it will be possible to understand and diagnose neurological disorders and find new methods of rehabilitation and medical and social support that will lead to improved mental health. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme is proposed: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders has been developed and implemented.

Optimization of neurobiological and chronomedicine processes possible with the development of circadian melatonin and ensuring its long-term concentration in the human body. Individual combined (drug and non-drug) intervention in the circadian axis ‘microbiota–intestine–brain’ with the help of daily consumption of functional foods, has a positive effect on cognitive and mental health. Introduction of research results N. P. Romanchuk (2010, 2013, 2016, 2017), it allows you to restore the functioning of the circadian system of man, normalize the level and concentration of melatonin in the body, to regulate sleep and wakefulness, to control neuroplasticity, to prevent cognitive impairment, to activate their own circadian rhythms and their synchronization with the environment, through the use of multimodal schemes to increase the circadian level of the hormone melatonin in the human blood: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. Further study of polymodality neural networks with neurophysiological and neuroendocrine mechanisms in neurobiological and chronomedicine the processes of functioning ‘cognitive’ and ‘visceral’ brain, will enable you to save sufficient neuroplasticity to increase cognitive reserve in the brain. To normalize the circadian rhythms of a person, a multimodal scheme for increasing the circadian level of the hormone melatonin in the human blood is proposed: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity.

In the paper the main approaches of rich people identification are analyzed, the classifications of estimation methods of mentioned social group are given. The method of rich threshold identification with the use of Household Living Conditions Survey Data and System of National Accounts Data by the method of statistical weight calibration is proposed.

It was shown that rising of temperature up to 30 degrees C at the stage of the oxytetracycline-producing organism growth promoted acceleration of the culture growth rate and increasing of the antibiotic concentration by the 114th hour of the biosynthetic process. For the apparatus used in the study optimal aeration and agitation conditions were developed. To provide optimal parameters during biosynthesis of oxytetracycline, it was recommended to use the aeration rate of 1 v/v.min and the specific mechanical power for mixing of not less than 1 kW/m3.