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This paper provides an analysis of long-term data on the ecology of rodent and insectivorous mammalian communities of different altitudinal zones of the southern slope of the Munku-Sardyk ridge in Mongolia. A description of the fauna, population, and diversity of communities of small mammals within different altitudinal zones is presented. It is shown that the composition and structure of the communities of high-altitude zones depend on the vertical distribution of plant associations, micro landscape, and ecological specialization of species in the community. A comparison of the diversity parameters of communities of small mammals in mountainous altitudinal zones in adjacent territories in the Baikal region is given. A comparison of the mountain and lowland steppe rodent communities of southern Siberia reveals a high similarity in the dominance structure of the communities of the Munku-Sardyk ridge and Tazheran steppe (Baikal region).

In laboratory experiments, purposeful inter-relations with moving insects in the “predator–prey” manner have been revealed and described in two species of herbivorous mountain voles: the Tuva vole and the flat-headed vole. The patterns of the hunting behavior are similar in these species. The appearance of the full hunting stereotype in mountain voles does not require preliminary experience and does not improve, which indicates its innate nature. Unlike the rodent species studied earlier, mountain voles demonstrate “storing” behavioral patterns when operating with live prey. According to the characteristics of the interactions with prey, mountain voles are among the most successful and effective hunters for moving insects. Regarding the hunting tactics and the manners of their manipulations with prey, mountain voles are similar to the most “predatory” of omnivorous hamsters, Eversmann’s hamsters, but differ from them in an optional manifestation of the hunting stereotype. The frequency of occurrence of the stereotype and the success of hunting in mountain voles are twice as high as in the previously studied herbivorous narrow-head vole. Characteristics of a hunting behavior so unexpected in herbivorous rodents were revealed in mountain voles for the first time. The expansion of the diet due to the hunt for insects can be attributed to dwelling in arid places with a deficit of plant food resources.

This study analyzes the present distribution of the Tuva mountain voles based on literary data, museum collections, and our own materials. A bioclimatic model of potential species distribution has been constructed using 25 localities identified as having Tuva mountain voles in Russia and Mongolia. It is shown that the species range of the Tuva voles consists of three large isolated parts: the northern one, located mainly in Khakassia; southern, located in Tuva and the adjacent territory of Mongolia; and a small area on the northern shore of the Khuvsgul Lake in Mongolia. The examination of habitats of the Tuva mountain voles in the territory of Khakassia has shown that in recent decades there has been a significant decrease in the number of inhabited sites, which indicates a significant decline in population and intensification of fragmentation of the northern part of the range of the Tuva mountain vole.

The prospects and reference points for the development of the intellectual property field are considered in the context of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program. The problem is to find and develop qualitatively new digital control tools that can quickly transpose scientific ideas into practice. We analyze the directions of developing the digital sector of public services, as well as the digitization of information services that precede the provision of public services (intellectual preparation of decision making). Based on the example of digitization of the intellectual property information infrastructure, theoretical and applied solutions are presented, which reveal specific features of the transformation of the information market in the digital economy. From the standpoint of an ambivalent approach, we show the participation of influence groups in the production of information services, as well as information self-service and outsourcing schemes, detect their positive and negative sides, and analyze the risks of new models and phenomena.

A comparative study of mobility and anxiety of subadult flat-headed and Tuva silver voles in an open field test has been performed using arenas 50 and 63 cm in diameter. It is found that individuals of both species demonstrate higher movement speed and cover longer distances, both on the periphery and in general, on the larger arena. Interspecies behavioral differences have been identified only in the arena 63 cm in diameter. Subadult flat-headed voles demonstrate higher mobility and lower anxiety in the test compared to Tuva silver voles. Hypotheses pertaining to specific features of the ecology of the two species reflected in their behavior are proposed.

Long-tailed ground squirrel (Urocitellus undulatus) is a polytypic species with a wide distribution from the Tien Shan to the Amur River region. Previously, considerable genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations of this species was demonstrated. Moreover, the greatest differences were observed in the western part of the range located in Central Asia, the region that was subjected to repeated glaciations in the past and represents one of the centers of the ground squirrel secondary diversification. The analysis of polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA control region was carried out on long-tailed ground squirrels living in the northern part of Central Asia, on the territory of the Altai Mountains (45 individuals from 23 localities). The presence of two genetically differentiated (7.7% differences) and geographically separated lineages (western and eastern) was revealed. The data obtained disprove the hypothesis on unidirectional, from west to east, colonization of the Altai Mountains after the end of the last glacial maximum and show the two pathways of the ground squirrel colonization of the Altai, from both western and eastern refugia.

This paper considers the urgent problems of information-analytical support of Russian scientific technological and innovation policy, as well as modern tasks of information-analytical support of the innovation activities of scientific and educational organizations, and proposes methodical approaches that have potential for improving the Russian system of patent searches and analytics. It is shown to be expedient to build complex information-retrieval systems with maximum access to relevant arrays of branch information and multi-service analytical components, which make it possible to implement the differentiated approach to consumers and a diversity of scenarios of scientific information activities, which are particular to different groups of consumers.

This paper deals with the problem of studying the virtual socio-cultural space through its measurement. The informative value of the measurement procedure, including for the study of social interaction, is noted. Indicators for monitoring of the digital cultural environment are suggested.

This paper elaborates the concept "of the information infrastructure of society" and justifies its interpretation as a social institution. It is proposed to consider the properties of the information infrastructure as a social institution to determine the levels of formation and development of the information society.

Information warfare is viewed as a social-information phenomenon in today's world. Particular features of information warfare pursued in World 2.0 are defined. The emphasis is made on the role of a humanitarian tool, the information culture, which allows one to counter information warfare. The personal information culture and information culture of a society are defined. The importance of the development of the information culture in the higher education area is discussed.

The main problems and trends in the development of the library profession in the information society are presented. The human causes of the dysfunction of libraries as a social institution are studied. In the information society librarians are seen as information specialists and their new competencies are justified by the transformation of the "library-reader" social relationship.

Small mammals were studied in the Kazakh Uplands in the spring and fall of 2008. The trapping studies revealed 10 species. Abundances of the animals were low in the four main distinct characteristic biotopes of Bayanaul National Park, but those of biotope dominants were high. In the Kazakh Uplands, rodents and insectivores are clearly restricted to certain biotopes. Biodiversity indices for small mammal communities are low, indicating that the community structure is disturbed.

This paper is devoted to analyzing the 20-year history and modern trends of the informatization of culture. The main approaches to the informatization of culture are considered; the main actors of these processes are determined. The complex system of social relations formed in the cultural sphere in the course of informatization and mechanisms of transformation of leading social and information institutes are studied. The urgent tasks and prospective fields of informatization of culture are determined.

On the strength of different olfactory and gustatory mechanisms of influencing phytophagous insects by food plants it is possible to use the Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris) as a diversionary plant within cultures of Crimea Pine (Pinus pallasiana). The essential lower resistance of the Scotch Pine to Aradus cinnamomeus (Heteropt.), Blastophagus piniperda (Coleopt.), Rhyacionia buoliana and Dendrolimus pini (Lepidopt.) prevents these insects from attacking the Crimea Pine. Referring the latter the named insect species under this method are not pests but are indifferent members of the fauna. Zusammenfassung uber Bestandesresistenz gegen forstschadliche Insekten Verschiedenartige olfaktorische und trophische Mechanismen der Einwirkung der Nahrungspflanze auf den Schadling ermoglichen es, die Gemeine Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris) als Ablenkungsbaume innerhalb von Anpflanzungen der Krimkiefer (Pinus pallasiana) zu verwenden. Die Mischung beider — gegen Schadinsekten unterschiedlich resistenter — Kiefernarten schliest eine Anpassung der Schadlinge an die Krimkiefer aus. Bei diesem Verfahren treten Aradus cinnamomeus (Heteropt.), Blastophagus piniperda (Coleopt.), Rhyacionia buoliana sowie Dendrolimus pini (Lepidopt.) nicht als Schadlinge, sondern als indifferente Glieder der Fauna auf.

Modern problems and the establishment of information management applied to organizational and theoretical and practical fields are considered. Information management is treated as a branch of learning, and the value that knowledge and skills in information management represents for information specialists is considered. A method for organizing information management as a branch of learning to be realized in the form of a tutorial is proposed

This paper analyzes the problems of interdisciplinary interactions between library science and related sciences of the social and humanitarian cycle. It proves the heuristic character of methodological communication of library science and sociology in solving the problems of interactions between libraries and society under the conditions of informatization. The prospects for introducing modern sociologic theories in library-science development are described.

A new concept, viz., the information culture of a megalopolis, is introduced into academic discourse. This concept is analyzed through the lens of modern scientific theories and specific social practices.

L-forms of cholera vibrios were isolated from the river water for the first time. The presence of L-forms in water permitted to suppose that such variants served as one of the forms of cholera causative agent preservation in the external medium.

Dutta and Habbu's method was applied to comparative study of cholerogenic properties of the L-strains of cholera vibrios and their initial bacterial variants. In difference from the initial strains, L-forms of cholera vibrios possessed no cholerogenic properties. A possibility of reversion of the stable L-form of cholera vibrios into bacterial form in vivo was revealed. This reversion was accompanied by the restoration of the cholerogenic properties and the change of the biotype of the cholera vibrio.

It was shown that microscopic fungi isolated in plague foci had an antagonistic effect on the plague causative agent. In the majority of the cases it was associated with their insecticidal activity against plague-transmitting fleas. It is expedient to consider the relations revealed between the burrow biocenosis components in investigation of plague enzootic aspects and development of new biological insecticides for control of the infection carriers.