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Background: COVID-19-associated psychoses are psychotic disorders that have developed during a new coronavirus infection. Criteria of these psychoses are the manifestation of psychosis simultaneously with infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the presence of documented COVID-19 disease. Information about these diseases appears as brief reports of mental services or with rare clusters. The need to study COVID-19-associated psychoses is due to the relatively high risk of their development, reaching 2.8%. The aim of study was to analyse the identified cases of COVID-19-associated psychosis in comparison with the results presented in the scientific literature. Patients and methods: 50 cases of COVID-19-associated psychosis were analyzed using a clinical method, taking into account the results of physical examination from April 2020 to September 2021. Results: 27 women and 23 men aged 20 to 57 were examined. Common symptoms were revealed: simultaneously or immediately after infection and identification of the virus against the background of growing anxiety and dissomnia, delusional ideas were formed, which quickly turned into fantastic delusion with disturbing agitation and hallucinations and subsequent marked disorganization of behavior with possible confusion of consciousness at the peak of psychosis. Perceptual deceptions were the most common, auditory hallucinations were the most prevalent, and catatonia was relatively common. The cupping therapy led to reduction of psychotic symptoms, and returned patients to a pre-morbid level of functioning. In most cases, there was a critical resolution of the attack, which probably indicates a favorable outcome of the disorder. Such dynamics is consistent with scientific literature data. Conclusion: the question of the primary or secondary nature of COVID-19-associated psychoses remains unresolved. It is necessary to continue the study of COVID-19-associated psychosis with the identification of risk factors for the development of psychosis, manifestation features, psychopathological picture, outcome options to determine the optimal rehabilitation program.

Introduction. Metabolic navigation with 5‑ALA is one of methods for intraoperative imaging in neuro‑oncology.Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of sensitivity of metabolic navigation with 5‑ALA during surgery of primary and secondary brain tumors of various histological nature and degree of malignancy.Materials and methods. During the period from 2013 to 2020, our group have performed surgery to 403 patients using metabolic navigation: microsurgical resections were performed in 384 people with brain tumors, 220 of them were with glial tumors, 101 were with intracranial meningiomas, 63 were with metastatic brain damage. Among patients with metastases, 39 patients had a solitary injury, 16 had a multi‑focal injury, so 72 cases of metastatic nodes were considered in this group. Stereotactic biopsies with 5‑ALA‑assistance were performed in 19 people. Metabolic navigation was performed with the drug 5‑ALA, which was taken orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg 2 hours before surgery. Intraoperative fluorescence was evaluated using microscope with a fluorescent module.Results. Metabolic navigation using microscope has a high sensitivity when employed during microsurgery (including repeated implementation of surgery) in cases of anaplastic gliomas (65 % in total, 58 % with bright glow), glioblastomas (94 % in total, 53 % with bright glow), intracranial meningiomas (94 % in total, 64 % – with bright glow). The use of 5‑ALA has significant limitations in sensitivity in cases of diffuse gliomas (46 % – in total, 27 % – with bright glow) and brain metastases (in total 87 % – for the solid part, 52 % – for the bed, with bright glow – 51 %). In diffuse gliomas, the glow areas had significantly higher proliferative index and cell nuclei density than the fluoronegative zones. Among the most important factors affecting the glow of gliomas it can be noted: the status of the IDH1 mutation, the volume of the contrasting part of the glioma according to MRI data, the methionine accumulation index according to positron emission tomography, the tumor blood flow indicators according to the arterial spin marking method – ASL perfusion.Conclusions. Implementation of 5‑ALA navigation with the use of microscope provides high sensitivity in cases of glioblastomas, anaplastic gliomas (especially for detecting of non‑contrasting part of tumor that is not visually altered in the white light of operating microscope) and brain meningiomas. The method is less effective in low‑grade gliomas and intracranial metastases.

Background: the results of previous studies suggest that the level of activation of inflammatory responses in the periphery correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and can serve as an indicator of the activity of the current pathological process in the brain. Epigenetic factors are suggested to influence the regulation of (neuro)inflammation and cognitive recovery in elderly patients, which opens up a wide spectrum of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of age-associated diseases. Objective: to evaluate the possible effects of a comprehensive neurocognitive rehabilitation program on cognitive functioning and blood immunological parameters of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Patients and methods: 507 participants of the “Memory Clinic” rehabilitation program with signs of MCI (F06.7, F06.78 according to ICD-10) were examined before the start of neurocognitive training and after its completion (after six weeks). Some patients (11.6%) were observed clinically one year after their inclusion in the program. Cognitive status was assessed using the Modified Hachinski Ischemic Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Clock Drawing Test. Enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE), functional activity of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), and levels of antibodies to S-100B and myelin basic protein were determined in patients’ blood. The parameters of healthy donors were used as controls.Results: immunological examination of patients before the rehabilitation program revealed increased LE and α1-PI activity in the overall group compared to controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Using a previously developed regression model to identify a high-risk group for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among patients with MCI, all subjects were divided into two groups (cut-off value p = 0.65). Group 1 (low-risk of AD, n = 330) was characterized by increased LE activity and α1-PI (p < 0.001), Group 2 (highrisk of AD, n = 177) was distinguished by decreased LE activity (p < 0.001) accompanied by high α1-PI activity (p < 0.001). After neurocognitive training, differently directed variants of the dynamics of immunological parameters associated with the severity of patients’ cognitive impairment on psychometric scales were identified in each group. For the most of the examined patients (61.3%) the training program turned out to be effective, which was confirmed by the positive dynamics of the psychometric scores and relative normalization of the blood inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). The highest effect of the rehabilitation program was typical for patients not included in the high-risk group for AD (p < 0.001). Follow-up examination revealed stabilization of cognitive functioning in 93.2% of those examined, most of whom were patients with an initially low risk of developing the disease (p < 0.01).Conclusion: neurocognitive rehabilitation of patients with MCI carried out in the “Memory Clinic” conditions can be considered as a social epigenetic factor modulating the current pathological process in patients with cognitive disorders, which is confirmed by objective immunological markers.

The application of reference materials for the composition and properties of natural objects with certified characteristics is the main instrument for ensuring the correctness of the obtained analytical information in radioecological, geological, and other studies. The article presents the experience of the branch of the Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the development and certification of reference materials containing technogenic radionuclides and mass fractions of elements. The soil selected from the sites of underground and surface nuclear tests at the «Experimental field» and «Balapan» sites of the former Semipalatinsk Test Site, which has a diverse radionuclide composition (natural and technogenic radionuclides) with a wide range of chemical elements, was chosen as the starting material for production of reference materials. The main purpose of the work is the certification of two reference materials: reference material for the activity concentration of 137Cs, 90Sr, the mass fraction of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, As in the soil cover of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (KZ.04.01.00007–2020) and reference material for the activity concentration of 152Eu, 60Co, the mass fraction of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, As in the soil cover of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (KZ.04.01.00008–2020).All procedures necessary for the creation of reference materials were carried out: separation of the magnetic fraction from the bulk of the material, grinding of the material, control sieve of the material, as well as homogenization with subsequent analytical studies to certify the parameters of reference materials. The methods of gamma spectrometry, beta spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and combined measurement results processing were applied. The results of an interlaboratory comparative test to determine the certified value of the concentrations of the specified radionuclides and elements are given.Reference materials are soil samples dried to an air-dry state, grinded to a particle size of less than 60 µm, and packaged in hermetically sealed polypropylene containers weighing 200 g. Reference materials have been included in the register of the state system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements and approved as state reference materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The scope of reference materials is to provide interlaboratory quality control of tests of analytical laboratories specialized in conducting radioecological complex studies, as well as the development and validation of analytical measurement procedures.

In the article examines the problem of complex development of the metropolis on the example of Leningrad of the late seventies and early eighties of the twentieth century and proposed ways to solve it. The emphasis is on the urgency of this problem in the context of a qualitatively new stage of development of Russian society.

Introduction. Associations of disturbances in innate and adaptive immunity during the clinical course of schizophrenia have been found in a number of studies. Yet, the relationship of immune parameters and systemic inflammation in relation to the clinical course of the disease and its prognosis, remains poorly understood, which highlights an interesting topic for further research. The goal of this study was to research the immuno-inflammatory changes in patients with clinical continuous and episodic paranoid schizophrenia, to assess the pathogenetic significance of these changes. Methods. Thirty-six patients with paranoid schizophrenia, of which 20 had episodic symptoms and 16 had continuous symptoms, consented to participate in the study, together with 30 healthy volunteers. In the study we assessed the parameters of innate immune response (serum levels of key pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein) and the adaptive immune response, including humoral-mediated immunity (serum immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG, circulating immune complexes), as well as the cell link of adaptive immunity (key lymphocyte subpopulations). Positive and negative symptoms were assessed with the positive and negative symptoms scale; frontal dysfunction was assessed by Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Results. Both patient groups had higher than normal levels of C-reactive protein and IL-8. There was a significant elevation of circulating immune complexes among patients with continuous symptoms of schizophrenia, compared to patients with episodic symptoms and healthy controls. Levels of CD45+CD3+ lymphocytes (T-cells) differed between clinical groups, with higher values identified among patients with episodic symptoms and lower values among those with continuous symptoms. In addition, patients with episodic symptoms had significantly increased levels of CD45+CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127- regulatory T-cells. Finally, the level of CD45+CD3-CD19+ B-cells was significantly higher among patients with continuous symptoms vs. patients with episodic symptoms and the control groups. Markers of activation of humoral immunity were associated with the severity of frontal disorders in these patients. Discussion. Comprehensive data on the serum level of cytokines and the parameters of adaptive immunity among individuals with continuous schizophrenia, by comparison with patients with episodic schizophrenia, are practically absent in the literature. We have shown that among those with continuous schizophrenia, there are signs of systemic inflammation and chronic activation of the adaptive humoral immune response, while among patients with episodic symptoms of the disease, there are signs of systemic inflammation and certain activation of cell-mediated immunity, without significant changes in the humoral link of adaptive immunity. Conclusion. More studies are needed, but the data obtained in this study are important for subsequent clinical studies of new treatment methods, based on various immunophenotypes of schizophrenia.

This review examines the hypothesis that one of the links in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia may be a violation of the folding mechanism of the convolutions and furrows of the brain in the prenatal period with a change in the index of gyrification and thickness of the cortex in certain brain areas. According to available, this indicator data remains unchanged throughout life, so it can be considered as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Testing of this hypothesis became possible due to the development of neuroimaging methods and computer processing of the results of high resolution MRI scans. A systematic review of the published data was carried out; it was possible to conduct a meta-analysis with preliminary data on areas of interest in the brain for 6 articles, the gyrification of which is impaired in schizophrenia. Hypogyrification by the GI calculation method has been identified in areas of the brain responsible for cognitive functions, language, and the quality of social interactions.

This study is part of a large interdisciplinary project to create objective criteria for building a classification system for a polymorphic schizophrenic disease characterized by disorders of thinking and perception. Within the framework of the project, for the first time in patients with schizophrenia with hallucinatory-delusional syndrome, neuropsychological testing, complete structural (morphometry and tractography) and functional MRI studies involving a detailed clinical study, determination of the patient’s immunological and genetic status are simultaneously performed. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of MRI data, it is planned to determine the key architecture of the neural networks of the brain producing the disease, to assess the success of disease therapy and to determine the targets of subsequent therapy based on the application of the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation. This paper presents the primary results of work on the study of the difference between the structural connectomes of schizophrenic patients and the norm. The work is of a search and preliminary nature. As a result of the work, the possibility of classifying the disease was shown and the key structural links for it were identified.

Schizophrenia is a chronic disease characterized by psychosis, behavioral, cognitive and social impairments. It is accompanied by structural and functional changes in the brain. To confirm the significance of morphometric changes, it is important to establish relationships between structural changes in the brain, clinical symptoms, and the level of biomarkers reflecting the pathogenesis of the disease, including immunological markers. The aim of this work was to assess the relationship of interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels with systemic inflammation, immune activation and with the results of neuroimaging in schizophrenia. The study included 60 patients with schizophrenia, 25 healthy volunteers. MRI scanning and the assessment of key immunological parameters was performed. It was found that the patients had significant negative correlations between IL-6 levels and a number of structural MRI indicators. Patients with a marked increase in IL-6 levels (>15 pg / ml) had a reduced mean curvature in the left lingual gyrus and a reduced gyrification index in the left fusiform gyrus compared with the control group. The level of IL-6 was associated with signs of systemic inflammation and immune activation in the patients. Thus, in this work, an immunological profile in schizophrenia associated with an increase in IL-6 and with morphometric changes of the brain was characterized for the first time. In further studies, we plan to evaluate morphometric changes in patients with various immunological phenotypes of schizophrenia, clinical course of the disease, and factors of genetic predisposition.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with the spread of conspiracy theories, which are heterogeneous in terms of the structure of their views The hypothesis is that the substrate for the spread of conspiracy trend is an increased level of anxiety, reduced due to the paralogical (conspiracy) interpretation of events The purpose of this research was to study the prevalence of conspiracy trends during the preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic in Moscow (before the introduction of strict restrictive measures) Methods: 320 people, randomly selected from the general population, were asked if they agree or disagree with 9 statements regarding the conspiracy interpretation of events, compared with the level of anxiety/depression (using the HADS scale) There are 3 trends (COVID-conspiracy, COVID-skepticism, COVID-obscurantism) Results: 45 7% of respondents were ready to agree with one or the other conspiracy idea I The level of anxiety in all adherents of conspiracy theory was found to be higher than in the rest of the sample Differences in sociodemographic characteristics of adherents of different conspiracy tendencies are revealed Among COVID skeptics, there are significantly fewer students and pensioners, and among COVID conspiracy theorists, the level of education received is lower, with unstable labor and family status Discussion Conspiracy trends were universal for all social groups in the background of increased anxiety among the population of Moscow in preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic It is suggested that the mechanism for the development of conspiracy tendencies may be the process of rationalization of an increased level of anxiety as a protective response during a crisis © 2020 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina All rights reserved

The cutting of convex–concave conjugate surfaces of a globoid pair with an initial cylindrical gear is considered. Experimental assessment confirms the practical utility of the proposed approach. That permits the manufacture of globoid gears with increased load capacity when the hardness of the contacting surfaces is very different, without the need for globoid mills.

Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanopowders were synthesized by heat treatment of urea in air at a temperature of 450–550°С for 30 min and studied by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The main processes resulting in the formation of g-C3N4 from urea under the above conditions was established using the method of simultaneous thermal analysis. It was found that with an increase in the processing temperature of urea from 450 to 550°C, a rise in the specific surface of the powders occurs from 43.3 to 58.6 m2 g–1, as well as an increase in the crystallite sizes of graphite-like carbon nitride in the crystallographic direction (002) from 2.8 to 4.1 nm. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, the obtained graphite-like carbon nitride powders have a mesoporous structure and are characterized by an average pore size of 6.6–13.8 nm and porosity of 0.07–0.20 cm3 g–1. According to the results of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, it was found that g-C3N4 nanopowders absorb radiation in the visible region and have a band gap of 2.9 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained graphite-like carbon nitride during the oxidation of an aqueous murexide solution under the influence of visible light was analyzed and it was shown that the obtained g-C3N4 nanopowders have activity close to that of the commercial TiO2 photocatalyst (AEROXIDE P25). In view of the high activity and low cost, the obtained powders of graphite-like carbon nitride can be used as the substrate for new photocatalytic materials.

Given the overall prevalence of elevated Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), along with earlier detection and appropriate therapy of Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), a significant reduction in patient morbidity and mortality is currently achieved by modern medicine. This article assesses the long-term degree of salivary gland damage in rats depending on the severity of experimental IAH during the neonatal period.To simulate IAH, newborn rats, under the control of intravesical manometry, were injected into the abdominal cavity with bulking collagen filler in the amount necessary to create a given level of IAP.As shown by the results obtained, rats exposed to intra-abdominal hypertension for ten days had pathological changes in their salivary glands within 120 days. The severity of sialadenitis revealed a correlation with the severity of IAH. Some rats had individual reactions expressed in relative resistance to their organs' abnormalities under hypoxia.It was concluded that children with severe IAH history might need the disease prevention of the CNS, kidneys, digestive, and respiratory systems and oral diseases, particularly diseases involving the salivary glands. Future research is supposed to investigate further the IAH effect on various organs and tissues, including the dentofacial system.

The paper discusses the influence of the chemical composition of the base material on the performance characteristics (hardness, thickness, wear resistance) of oxide coatings formed by microarc oxidation on aluminum alloys. The possibilities of forming the preferred high-hard phase α-Al2O3, as well as oxides of alloying elements in aluminum alloys, are being studied. The thermodynamic analysis carried out in conjunction with the results of experimental data will make it possible to predict the composition of a coating, thereby obtaining protective coatings with desired properties on aluminum alloys.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-specific type of kidney disease that causes a gradual decline in kidney function (from months to years). CKD is a significant risk factor for death, cardiovascular disease, and end-stage renal disease. CKDs of different origins may have the same clinical and laboratory manifestations but different progression rates, which requires early diagnosis to determine. This review focuses on protein/peptide biomarkers of the leading causes of CKD: diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. Mass spectrometry (MS) approaches provided the most information about urinary peptide and protein contents in different nephropathies. New analytical approaches allow urinary proteomic–peptide profiles to be used as early non-invasive diagnostic tools for specific morphological forms of kidney disease and may become a safe alternative to renal biopsy. MS studies of the key pathogenetic mechanisms of renal disease progression may also contribute to developing new approaches for targeted therapy.

Introduction Lung cancer remains the most prevalent cause of cancer mortality worldwide mainly due to insufficient availability of early screening methods for wide-scale application. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is currently considered as one of the promising targets for early screening and is particularly attractive due to its absolutely noninvasive collection and possibility for long-term frozen storage. EBC proteome analysis can provide valuable information about the (patho)physiological changes in the respiratory system and may help to identify in time a high risk of lung cancer. Mass spectrometry (MS) profiling of EBC proteome seems to have no alternative in obtaining the most extensive data and characteristic marker panels for screening. Areas covered This special report summarizes the data of several proteomic studies of EBC in normal and lung cancer (from 2012 to 2021, PubMed), focuses on the possible reasons for the significant discrepancy in the results, and discusses some aspects for special attention in further studies. Expert opinion The significant discrepancy in the results of various studies primarily highlights the need to create standardized protocols for the collection and preparation of EBC for proteomic analysis. The application of quantitative and targeted LC-MS/MS based approaches seems to be the most promising in further EBC proteomic studies.

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) contains a wide range of low- and high-molecular-weight compounds and is of great research interest in the search for markers of socially significant pathologies. Due to its noninvasive, rapid, and safe collection methods, an EBC sample can serve as a diagnostic sample for use in personalized instruments of body state monitoring. The use of modern high-sensitivity methods, such as mass spectrometry, forms the basis for reliable and most complete identification of the EBC molecular profile. During study, the comparative analysis of some of these methods was performed, and the most optimum approach to molecular profiling of exhaled breath condensate using high-resolution mass spectrometry was proposed. It has been shown that data from analysis of the EBC molecular profile can depend significantly on both the type of a device used to collect EBC and the cooling temperature of the condenser. It should be noted that a large number of compounds have identified in EBC residues sorbed on the walls of collecting devices that were additionally collected using an organic solvent.

Introduction. Schizophrenia (SZ) increases the level of cell death, leading to an increase in the concentration of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) contains many unmethylated CpG motifs that stimulate TLR9-MyD88-NF-κB signaling and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. The number of rDNA copies in the genomes of SZ patients is increased; therefore, we expect that the concentration of cell-free rDNA in the plasma of the SZ patients also increases. This may be one of the explanations of the proinflammatory cytokine increase that is often observed in SZ. The major research question is what is the rDNA copy number in cfDNA (cf-rDNA CN) and its putative role in schizophrenia? Materials and Methods. We determined cfDNA concentration (RNase A/proteinase K/solvent extraction; fluorescent dye PicoGreen) and endonuclease activity (NA) of blood plasma (radial diffusion method) in the untreated male SZ group (N=100) and in the male healthy control group (HC) (N=96). Blood leukocyte DNA and cfDNA rDNA CN were determined with nonradioactive quantitative hybridization techniques. Plasma concentration of cf-rDNA was calculated. Results. In the subjects from the SZ group, the mean cfDNA plasma concentration was twofold higher and NA of the plasma was fourfold higher than those in the healthy controls. rDNA CN in the blood leukocyte genome and in the cfDNA samples in the SZ group was significantly higher than that in the HC group. cf-rDNA concentration was threefold higher in the SZ group. Conclusion. Despite the abnormally high endonuclease activity in the blood plasma of SZ patients, the circulating cfDNA concentration is increased. Fragments of cf-rDNA accumulate in the blood plasma of SZ patients. Potentially, SZ patients’ cfDNA should be a strong stimulating factor for the TLR9-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway.

To study the correlation between the blood plasma antioxidant profile and the transcriptional activity of the Nrf2 gene in acute psychosis in patients with schizophrenia and alcoholism.The study included 40 patients with the first episode of the paranoid form of schizophrenia, 33 patients with schizophrenic psychosis who had previously received therapy, 22 patients with first-time acute alcohol psychosis, and 25 healthy volunteers. The level of Nrf2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was estimated by flow cytometry, and the antioxidant profile of blood plasma was estimated with chemiluminometry.The total and «thiol» antioxidant capacity were reduced in patients with initially diagnosed schizophrenic psychosis and alcoholic psychosis. In patients after treatment, the total antioxidant capacity was higher compared to previously untreated patients. The level of Nrf2 protein in mononuclear cells in patients with the first psychotic episode was significantly lower than in patients with alcoholism and lower than in the control group. In patients with alcoholic psychosis, Nrf2 level was correlated with both the total antioxidant capacity due to uric acid and the «thiol» antioxidant capacity; in patients with psychosis in schizophrenia, Nrf2 level was correlated only with the «thiol» antioxidant capacity.The correlation between the total and «thiol» antioxidant capacity and the level of Nrf2 in mononuclear cells of patients with alcohol delirium indicates the undamaged state of the regulation. The absence of a correlation between the total antioxidant capacity and the level of Nrf2 in patients with schizophrenia indicates a disturbance of the activation of the Nrf2 pathway due to, possibly, a part associated with the participation of uric acid.Выявление связи между показателями антиоксидантного профиля периферической крови с транскрипционной активностью гена Nrf2 при остром психозе у больных шизофренией и с алкогольным делирием.Обследовали 40 пациентов с первым эпизодом параноидной шизофрении, 33 — с шизофреническим психозом, ранее получавших терапию, 22 — с впервые развившимся острым алкогольным психозом и 25 практически здоровых. Оценивали уровень Nrf2 в мононуклеарах периферической крови методом проточной цитофлуориметрии и антиоксидантный профиль плазмы крови методом хемилюминометрии.Общая и «тиоловая» антиоксидантная емкости снижены у пациентов с первично выявленным шизофреническим и алкогольным психозами. У пациентов, находящихся на лечении, общая антиоксидантная емкость была выше по сравнению с ранее нелеченными пациентами. Уровень белка Nrf2 в мононуклеарах у пациентов с первым психотическим эпизодом был значимо ниже, чем у больных алкоголизмом, и ниже, чем в группе контроля. В случае алкогольного психоза Nrf2 коррелировал как с общей антиоксидантной емкостью, обусловленной мочевой кислотой, так и с «тиоловой» антиоксидантной емкостью; в случае психоза при шизофрении Nrf2 коррелировал только с «тиоловой» антиоксидантной емкостью. При острых психозах развивается окислительный стресс, более выраженный в тиоловом звене у пациентов с шизофренией. Наличие корреляции между общей и «тиоловой» антиоксидантной емкостью и уровнем Nrf2 в мононуклеарах при алкогольном делирии свидетельствует о сохранности регуляции у этих пациентов. Отсутствие корреляции между общей антиоксидантной емкостью и уровнем Nrf2 у пациентов с шизофренией свидетельствует о нарушении активации пути Nrf2 за счет, возможно, звена, связанного с участием мочевой кислоты.

Induced delusions can act as a model of “learning error” when the recipient becomes convinced of delusional interpretations of events due to a distorted perception. The results of fMRI scanning of a pair of an inductor and a recipient with two stories of delusion - persecution and greatness are presented. Analysis of functional imaging shows different activities of the same areas of the cerebral cortex in the inducer and in the recipient. The volume and localization of activation of the cerebral cortex in the inducer is increased compared to the recipient. The data on the differences in the localization of the brain zones, which are activated in comparison with different plots of delirium, were obtained.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication, which may be considered as a systemic response in the second half of pregnancy to physiological failures in the first trimester, and can lead to very serious consequences for the health of the mother and fetus. Since PE is often associated with proteinuria, urine proteomic assays may represent a powerful tool for timely diagnostics and appropriate management. High resolution mass spectrometry was applied for peptidome analysis of 127 urine samples of pregnant women with various hypertensive complications: normotensive controls (n = 17), chronic hypertension (n = 16), gestational hypertension (n = 15), mild PE (n = 25), severe PE (n = 25), and 29 patients with complicated diagnoses. Analysis revealed 3869 peptides, which mostly belong to 116 groups with overlapping sequences. A panel of 22 marker peptide groups reliably differentiating PE was created by multivariate statistics, and included 15 collagen groups (from COL1A1, COL3A1, COL2A1, COL4A4, COL5A1, and COL8A1), and single loci from alpha-1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1, insulin, EMI domain-containing protein 1, lysine-specific demethylase 6B, and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein each. ROC analysis of the created model resulted in 88% sensitivity, 96.8% specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.947. Obtained results confirm the high diagnostic potential of urinary peptidome profiling for pregnancy hypertensive disorders diagnostics., Diagnostics, 10 (12)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous, single-stranded, most frequently non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that play a significant role in gene expression regulation. Circular RNAs can affect microRNA functionality, interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), translate proteins by themselves, and directly or indirectly modulate gene expression during different cellular processes. The affected expression of circRNAs, as well as their targets, can trigger a cascade of events in the genetic regulatory network causing pathological conditions. Recent studies have shown that altered circular RNA expression patterns could be used as biomarkers in psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia (SZ); moreover, circular RNAs together with other cell molecules could provide new insight into mechanisms of this disorder. In this review, we focus on the role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of SZ and analyze their biomarker and therapeutic potential in this disorder.

An analysis of inflammatory and autoimmune markers in schizophrenic patients with- and without catatonic symptoms in comparison to healthy controls.A sample of 170 patients with paranoid schizophrenia was stratified by the presence of catatonic symptoms in the structure of psychosis (66 patients with catatonia and 104 patients without catatonia), inclusion threshold was10 points on the Bush-Francis catatonia scale. The examination was carried out in the early days of inpatient treatment using psychopathological, psychometric and immunological methods.Quantitative and qualitative differences in the spectrum of immune indicators in both groups of patients are revealed. A higher level of the immune system activation is found in the group with catatonic symptoms that indicates a worsening of the pathological process. A specific feature of the immunological profile of catatonic syndrome in schizophrenia is a decrease in ratio between leukocyte elastase and a1-proteinase inhibitor (leukocyte-inhibitory index) accompanied by the increase of other inflammatory markers that, presumably, indicates the deterioration of the phagocyte component of the inflammatory response.The results suggest that the decrease in leukocyte-inhibitory index is a potential biomarker of catatonic syndrome in schizophrenia.Определение воспалительных и аутоиммунных маркеров у больных шизофренией с кататоническими симптомами и без таковых в сопоставлении с показателями здоровых.Обследованы 170 больных параноидной шизофренией: 66 с кататонической симптоматикой в психическом статусе, 104 без таковой. Критерием включения пациентов в исследование был показатель10 баллов по шкале кататонии Буша—Франциса. Обследование проводилось в условиях стационара с применением психопатологического, психометрического и иммунологического методов.Установлены количественные и качественные различия в спектре иммунологических показателей в выделенных группах пациентов. Более высокий уровень активации иммунной системы был выявлен у пациентов с наличием кататонической симптоматики, что свидетельствует о тяжести патологического процесса. Особенностью иммунологического профиля у больных с симптомами кататонии являлось снижение соотношения между лейкоцитарной эластазой и а1-протеиназным ингибитором (лейкоцитарно-ингибиторного индекса) на фоне повышения других маркеров воспаления, что, предположительно, свидетельствует об истощении фагоцитарного звена воспалительного ответа.Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать снижение лейкоцитарно-ингибиторного индекса в качестве потенциального биомаркера кататонического синдрома при шизофрении.

To determine the network connections between clinical, cognitive, speech and oculographic parameters in patients with schizophrenia.The study included 104 patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 70 healthy subjects. Clinical assessment of the patients was performed using a number of scales: PANSS, CDSS, YMRS, SAS and BAS. Basic cognitive functions were assessed by BACS. Eye movements were recorded using the SMI RED-500 non-invasive eye tracking system. Several experimental paradigms were used - free viewing of animal images with subsequent description of these images, performing progressive saccades in the experimental Go/NoGo scheme, and performing anti-saccades.The severity of clinical symptoms, cognitive impairments, oculomotor parameters and characteristics of speech structure of written speech are largely independent, although not completely isolated from each other. Cognitive and oculomotor parameters have the largest number of connections. In this case, the results of cognitive tests are the central element of the «network» that connects other groups.Further development of the approach should be aimed at studying the influence of node changes on the structure of the network that would potentially allows the identification of the most effective points of application of therapeutic and rehabilitation programs.Определить сетевые связи между клиническими, когнитивными, речевыми и окулографическими показателями у больных шизофренией.В исследование включены 104 пациента с шизофренией и расстройствами шизофренического спектра и 70 здоровых. Клиническая оценка состояния пациентов осуществлялась с помощью ряда психометрических шкал: PANSS, CDSS, YMRS, SAS и BAS. Базовые когнитивные функции оценивались с помощью батареи тестов BACS. Запись движений глаз осуществлялась с использованием системы неинвазивного трекинга глаз SMI RED-500. Использовалось несколько экспериментальных парадигм — свободное рассматривание изображений животных с последующим описанием этих изображений, выполнение прогрессивных саккад в экспериментальной схеме Go/NoGo и выполнение антисаккад.Сетевой анализ выявил, что тяжесть психопатологической симптоматики, когнитивные нарушения, глазодвигательные показатели и особенности частеречевого состава письменной речи оказываются в значительной степени независимыми, хотя и не полностью изолированными друг от друга. Наибольшее количество связей обнаруживается между когнитивными и глазодвигательными показателями. При этом результаты когнитивных тестов являются центральным элементом «сети», связывающим другие группы.Дальнейшее развитие представленного подхода должно быть направлено на изучение влияния изменений узлов «сети» на ее структуру, что потенциально позволило бы определять наиболее эффективные точки приложения терапевтических и реабилитационных мероприятий.

Buffer solutions of random copolymers of N-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-N-methylacrylamide and N,N-diethylacrylamide containing 7.5 and 5.0 mol % units of N-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-N-methylacrylamide with molecular masses of 3.07 × 104 and 1.45 × 104, respectively, have been studied by methods of light scattering and turbidimetry. The synthesis of copolymers has been performed via reaction of poly(acryloyl chloride) with N,N-diethyl-N′-methyl-1,3-propanediamine and diethylamine. Aqueous solutions have been studied in the concentration range of 0.0003–0.04 g/cm3 at pH 7.0–13.0. The intensities of scattered light I and optical transmittance I* have been measured. Phase separation temperatures have been determined. The results obtained have been compared with the data for a copolymer of the same structure, but with 20 mol % N-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-N-methylacrylamide units. It has been shown that the characteristics of aqueous solutions of copolymers depend on their composition. An increase in the fraction of N-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)-N-methylacrylamide leads to formation of aggregates in the copolymer solutions and to a gain in the phase separation temperatures.

Objective Earlier we studied the copy number variations (CNVs) of ribosomal repeat (rDNA) and the satellite III fragment (1q12) (f-SatIII) in the cells of schizophrenia patients (SZ) and healthy controls (HC). In the present study we pursued two main objectives: (1) to confirm the increased rDNA and decreased f-SatIII content in the genomes of enlarged SZ and HC samples and (2) to compare the rDNA and f-SatIII content in the same DNA samples of SZ and HC individuals. Methods We determined the rDNA CN and f-SatIII content in the genomes of leukocytes of 1770 subjects [HC (N = 814) and SZ (N = 956)]. Non-radioactive quantitative hybridization method (NQH) was applied for analysis of the various combinations of the two repeats sizes in SZ and HC groups. Results f-SatIII in human leukocytes (N = 1556) varies between 5.7 and 44.7 pg/ng DNA. RDNA CN varies between 200 and 896 (N = 1770). SZ group significantly differ from the HC group by lower f-SatIII content and by rDNA abundance. The f-SatIII and rDNA CN are not randomly combined in the genome. Higher rDNA CN values are associated with higher f-SatIII index values in SZ and HC. The f-SatIII variation interval in SZ group increases significantly in the subgroup with the high rDNA CN index values (>300 copies). Conclusion Schizophrenia patients' genomes contain low number of f-SatIII copies corresponding with a large ribosomal repeats CN. A scheme is proposed to explain the low f-SatIII content in SZ group against the background of high rDNA CN.

Schizophrenia is a complex chronic disease. The molecular determinants and neuropathology of schizophrenia are multifaceted; an important role in the pathogenesis is played by the dysregulation of molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. However, the molecular mechanisms of the development of the disease have not yet been studied.An important task is the accumulation and systematization of “OMICS”-knowledge of the molecular profiles (transcriptome, proteome, metabolome) of blood specific to pathology. Thereby the development and improvement of mass spectrometric methods for the detection of biological molecules has become increasingly important in biomedical research. In the field of applied problems in biomedical research, the most prevalent issue involves the identification of serological protein markers associated with the development of schizophrenia, which account for the diseases that cause the a life-shortening illness, disability, decreased of functioning and quality of life and wellbeing or health status.OMICS approaches are designed to detect genes (genomics), mRNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) in a specific biological sample.We report the proteomic datasets on the serum samples from patients with schizophrenia (series “SCZ”) and healthy volunteers (series “CNT”). Data were acquired using shotgun ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Keywords: Serum, Schizophrenia, Proteomics, Tandem mass spectrometry

Specific features of the formation of orthorhombic and hexagonal holmium orthoferrite during heat treatment of the products of glycine-nitrate combustion have been studied. Photocatalytic activity of orthorhombic nanocrystals of holmium orthoferrite in the process of photoinduced decomposition of Methyl Orange in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation has been studied.