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The article focuses on police action against the off-reservation Indians which flared into 1872-73 Modoc War and mentions Ulysses S. Grant administration vexed by the war. Topics disucssed include general killed in Indian wars along with conflict interviewing opposing leaders amid hostilities, state of the state address given by civilian governor Peter Burnett on Indian problem and treaty ratified by the U.S. Senate.

Looks at the impact of revisionist history on the reputation of George Armstrong Custer and ponders whether the reputations of Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman and Philip H. Sheridan should also be reassessed. Change in the name of the Custer Battlefield National Monument to the Little Big Horn National Battlefield; Sherman's thoughts on race relations; The Army's campaign against the Indians; More.

The article offers information on several Chiricahua Apaches, Native American tribe, which include Geronimo, Cochise, Mangas Coloradas and Naiche. It reports on their contributions in Apache wars and battle against U.S. and Mexican troops. It also highlights their fearlessness and bravery in the battle and their role as freedom fighters.

The article discusses the participation of African American cavalry soldiers, or buffalo soldiers, in wars with Indians from the U.S. Civil War through the 1890s, with a particular focus on the U.S. African American Army Colonel Charles Young. An overview of the stationing of the U.S. Army's Ninth Cavalry at Fort Robinson, Nebraska is provided. The race relations within the Ninth Cavalry, including its consisting of white military officers and African American soldiers, is discussed.

The article discusses misconceptions about the Indian wars on the U.S. Western frontier. One misconception is that the withdrawal of Union troops from the West to fight in the East resulted to an increase in clashes with Indians during the Civil War. In reality, the number of soldiers in the West during the Civil War increased. Many assumed that the 7th Cavalry was the most effective Indian-fighting cavalry regiment. In fact, the 1st Dragoons later called the 1st Cavalry, had the most battles.

The article presents an overview of the Modoc War, fought between the United States Army and the Modoc tribe of California in 1872-1873. Details are given describing the source of conflict between the tribe and the U.S. government, noting resistance to Indians' confinement in reservations. The skirmishes and battles fought between the two forces are overviewed, noting the general success of the Modoc's tactics. The outcomes of the U.S. victory over the Modoc are also discussed. INSET: The Men Who Fought the Modoc.

The article presents a profile of the U.S. Indian Wars fought in the Southern Plains in the decade following the Civil War. Details are given describing how the Union generals William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan were brought into the region after the war to apply their combat experiences to the Western front. The "hard war" tactics of the generals are particularly profiled. The success of the U.S. Army is noted along with the ferocity of the leaders' actions.

The article presents an account of the 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn in Montana between the U.S. Calvary forced led by General George Armstrong Custer and Indians led by Crazy Horse, adapted from the book "The Killing of Crazy Horse" by Thomas Powers. It is based on accounts of the battle written by Indians, including Sioux, Brulé, Minneconjou, Santee and Oglala. Some of the subjects considered include Indian preparations for battle, the actions of Indian women and children during the battle, and the role of Indian scouts working with the Army.

The article discusses the military exploits and honors associated with Wisconsin brothers William B. Cushing, Alonzo H. Cushing, and Howard B. Cushing. According to the article, William B. Cushing achieved fame and a Thanks of Congress honor for his role in the sinking of the Confederate ironclad "Albemarle" during the U.S. Civil War. The article states that Alonzo H. Cushing was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry during the Battle of Gettysburg, and Howard B. Cushing won fame during the Apache Wars.

The article discusses the Red River War that begun during the Battle of Adobe Walls. The author elaborates on the war which was virtually bloodless due to Lieutenant General Philip H. Sheridan's strategy that kept Indians on the run and the government's arbitrary taking Indian leaders as prisoners. These have led most of the Indians to prefer life in the reservations.

Discusses the participation of volunteer soldier William Hanson Inge in the 1868 campaign of the 19th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry and 7th U.S. Cavalry against the Cheyenne Indians. Efforts of U.S. soldiers to rescue two white women kidnapped by the Cheyennes; Information on the march of the 19th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry to Camp Supply in Oklahoma; Description of the battles between U.S. troops and Cheyenne Indians.

The article provides information on the defeat of the troops commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Custer by Sioux and Northern Cheyenne warriors in Little Bighorn, Montana in June 1876. The soldiers attacked the Indian tribes during a parade to honor those who participated in a suicide dance. The Indians used clubs or hatchets in the battle while the soldiers used guns. The Sioux and Northern Cheyenne lost 67 men in the battle.

The article presents an attempt to elucidate the beginning and end of the Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana during which U.S. Major General George A. Custer and the 225-member Seventh U.S. Cavalry perished. Custer searched for an Indian village that he was not aware contained an Indian force of between three thousand to five thousand Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Dakotah warriors.

The article offers brief history related to the Geronimo, a leader and medicine man from the Bedonkohe band of the Native American Apache tribe. It reports on his involvement in the Apache wars of 1880. It also highlights the contribution of Naiche, a hereditary chief of the Chiricahua band of Apache Indians, in the Apache wars.

The author reports on the career of U.S. Army officer Thomas Custer. He mentions Tom Custer's career in relation to his brother George, Custer's capture of two Confederate Army regimental flags during the Appomattox Campaign of 1865, and his later career during the Indian wars in the West.

Deals with how Salish chief Charlo fought the United States government to remain in Montana's Bitterroot Valley during the late 1800s. Plan of the United States government to sent the Salish to the Jocko Reservation; Negotiation between Charlo and then congressman James A. Garfield; Importance of the position of the head chief to the Salish.

Profiles General Nelson A. Miles, a United States Civil War leader and Indian fighter also known as `Bear Coat.' Fights with Indian Bureau; Aid for Nez Perce; Friendship with Chief Joseph.

The article discusses the significant participation of a young Kiowa Indian named Botalye in the 1874 Red River War between U.S. Army soldiers and several Indian tribes such as Comanches and Kiowas regarding territorial issues in Texas. The Army was determined to separate Indian renegades from those who agreed to maintain their territories in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. It describes how Botalye rode alone successfully through the gunfire during the fourth day of the siege. With such deed, Botalye earned recognition from their leader and the name Eadle-tau-hain.

The article reports on the commemoration of the historic march of the Nez Perce tribal members and Chief Joseph from Wallowa Lake, Oregon to where he surrendered at the Bear Paw Battlefield in eastern Montana in 1877. Through the annual Chief Joseph Trail Ride, organizers and the Nez Perce, hope to retrace the route. The route of the commemorative ride is discussed.

The article presents views and insights of the author on the Indian Wars in the U.S. during the 1870's. An area in the state of Montana has been called Custer Country due to the sage-dotted grassland, and the juniper and ponderosa pine that grow in the area. Significantly, Custer Country nonetheless attests that history is ultimately written, and the terrain mapped, by the winning side. Furthermore, most places in the region are named from generals and personalities attributed to the Indian wars. The author is appalled by the racism reflected in place names that celebrate the near-extermination of the Indians.