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Three species of pocket mice (Chaetodipus artus , C. goldmani , and C. pernix) characterize the Sinaloan subregion of the Sonoran regional desert. They occur primarily in Sinaloan thornscrub and monsoon (dry deciduous) forest biotic communities, both of which have suffered from agricultural conversion. Sinaloan thornscrub occurs along the coastal plains of southern Sonora and Sinaloa, México, and grades into monsoon forest in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental. We describe the geographical and ecological distributions of the 3 species of Chaetodipus , evaluate evolutionary relationships within each species based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and compare these to previously described phenetic, allozymic, and chromosomal variation. We elevate the subspecies of C. pernix to full species, delineate evolutionary units within C. goldmani and C. artus that we formally recognize as subspecies, and evaluate the conservation status of all 3 species of Chaetodipus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spotted skunks in Texas, U.S.A., showed preference to areas with large mesquite trees as habitat unlike striped skunks which apparently did not have preference for any specific habitats for foraging. Both varieties did not favor agricultural habitat.

The lower Colorado River has experienced extensive loss of riparian vegetation due to dams and other human activity. Sigmodon arizonae plenus (Colorado River cotton rat) is an isolated subspecies that only occurs along the lower Colorado River. The habitat and population demographics of S. a. plenus were quantified using a capture–mark–recapture technique. Permanent trapping grids were established at three sites with Colorado River cotton rats present, which included the Palo Verde Ecological Reserve, CA, Cibola Nature Trail, AZ, and Pintail Slough, AZ. Habitat was quantified horizontally and vertically within 1 m3 surrounding every trap station 4 times across 2 years. Individual recapture histories were used to model the survival, capture probability, and population size of Colorado River cotton rats over 5 trapping occasions spanning 4 years. Program Mark was used to model population demographic parameters using the Robust model. Population sizes (as estimated by capture–mark–recapture methods) were highly variable within and among the three sites. The Palo Verde Ecological Reserve population initially increased then decreased in size. The Cibola Nature Trail population began large and decreased overtime. At the beginning of the study, 20 individuals occupied Pintail Slough. No Colorado River cotton rats were captured at Pintail during the last occasion. We documented site differences in vegetation composition and cover; however, no statistical differences within site use were revealed. In general, the Palo Verde Ecological Reserve had the highest vertical cover estimates, followed by the Cibola Nature Trail and Pintail Slough. Reasonable estimates for demographic data were not possible for most occasions because of a steady drop in trap success throughout the study. The limitations of these data are discussed, along with their utility in restoration efforts. La parte baja del río Colorado ha experimentado una gran pérdida de vegetación ribereña debido a las represas y otras actividades humanas. Sigmodon arizonae plenus (rata de algodón del río Colorado) es una subespecie aislada que solo se encuentra a lo largo de la parte baja del río Colorado. El hábitat y demografía de la población de S. a. plenus se cuantificaron utilizando una técnica de captura–marca–recaptura a lo largo de la parte inferior del Río Colorado. Se establecieron trampas de captura permanentes en tres sitios. El hábitat se cuantificó horizontal y verticalmente dentro de 1 metro cúbico rodeando cada estación de trampa 4 veces a lo largo de 2 años. Se utilizaron historias de recaptura individuales para modelar la supervivencia, la probabilidad de captura y el tamanó de la población de ratas algodoneras del Río Colorado en cinco ocasiones de captura que abarcan 4 años. Se utilizó el Programa Mark para modelar los parámetros demográficos de población utilizando un modelo Robusto. Los tamaños de población (estimados por métodos de captura–marca–recaptura) fueron muy variables dentro y entre los tres sitios. La población de la Reserva Ecológica Palo Verde inicialmente aumentó y luego disminuyó en tamaño. La población de Cibola Nature Trail comenzó a crecer y disminuyó con el tiempo. Al inicio del estudio, 20 individuos ocuparon el sitio de Pintail. No se capturaron ratas algodoneras del Río Colorado en Pintail durante la última ocasión. Documentamos las diferencias del sitio en la composición y cobertura de la vegetación; sin embargo, no se revelaron diferencias estadísticas dentro del uso del sitio. En general, la Reserva Ecológica Palo Verde Ecological tuvo las estimaciones de cobertura vertical más altas, seguidas por Cibola Nature Trail y Pintail. Las estimaciones razonables de los datos demográficos no fueron posibles en la mayoría de las ocasiones debido a una caída constante en el éxito de las trampas a lo largo del estudio. Se discuten las limitaciones de estos datos, junto con su utilidad en los esfuerzos de restauración. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long-term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application (https://www.snapshot-usa.org/). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights (https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22-5.9 arrays per 100,000 km 2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government., (© 2024 The Ecological Society of America.)