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As customers increasingly rely on online reviews for making consumption decisions, the dangers arising from misinformation and fakery have become an acute source of concern for consumers, firms, and society at large. Many online review platforms claim a role as guardians of trust in the information exchange process. Yet, little is known about the practices firms can utilize to design platforms that build and safeguard consumer trust. The authors draw on governance and identity disclosure literature streams to propose five practices that mitigate fakery and build trust in the platform: monitoring, exposure, community building, status endowment, and identity disclosure. Five studies (1) establish the individual and joint effects these practices have on platform trust, (2) identify the mediating processes by which the practices build trust, (3) verify the ecological value of the conceptual framework, (4) provide support of the salience of the practices, and (5) show how the practices build trust above and beyond review content–level characteristics. Interaction effects suggest that exposure, community building, and status endowment obviate the need for identity disclosure in building platform trust, a finding that mitigates related privacy concerns. Collectively, the findings can improve platform design, enabling review platforms to fulfill their promise of mitigating fakery and increasing trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between the governance of architecturally embedded applications and their longevity in organizational use. Using a contingency-fit logic, it posits that alignment between application governance (distribution of decision rights) and architectural contingencies contributes to sustained durations of organizational use. Architectural contingencies include internal application modularity, application inter-connectedness, and governance of surrounding application clusters. Evidence for the governance-architecture fit hypothesis is derived from analyzing temporally ordered data about applications (n = 225, n = 498, n = 193) from organizations in the media, banking, and utilities sectors over five years. Using a two-step approach with ordinal regression, along with Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, our findings indicate that a fit between observed governance and the governance induced by architectural contingencies reduces the likelihood of application decommissioning. The study advances the fields of information systems (IS) governance and architecture by offering a micro-level perspective on the longevity of organizational IS use while also shedding light on the importance of governance choices aligned with unique architectural application properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global governance of artificial intelligence (AI) must grapple with four monumental challenges. AI is a tough problem to govern given the speed, scale, and uncertainty of its progress. Various aspects of the AI problem require governing because of the range of benefits, risks, and impacts on other global issues. Multilateral efforts on AI are nascent, as is national-level policy. And the multilateral system is under immense pressure from institutional gridlock, fragmentation, and geopolitical competition. No one global governance model for AI is perfect, or desirable. Instead, policymakers must pursue several governance models, each starting in a targeted and focused manner before evolving. They must make clear what policy outcomes are being sought and which institutional functions are needed to reach those outcomes. AI governance within regional and multilateral issue-based groupings would commit nations to action and test models for governing AI globally. And national champions will be critical to success. This pragmatic yet optimistic path will allow humanity to maximize the benefits of artificial intelligence applications and distribute them as widely as possible, while mitigating harms and reducing risks as effectively as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the global consensus on the concept of sustainable development continues to deepen, and China's ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization strategy continue to advance. However, the rural environmental situation in China is becoming more and more complex. Therefore, a comprehensive review and summary of China's rural environmental governance research are particularly important, which can not only provide theoretical support for future research but also offer vital guidance for governance practices. Based on the research literature of CNKI (1993-2023) and WOS (2001-2024), bibliometrics and CiteSpace software are adopted in this review to tease out the main characteristics, research hotspots and evolution trends of rural environmental governance research in China. The results indicate that: 1) Research interest shows an overall upward trend, with an expanding scale of interdisciplinary scholars and teams emerging. The collaboration network among authors and institutions in WOS appears tighter than that in CNKI. 2) In CNKI, Research hotspots revolve around environmental issues and pollution governance, social participation and governance mechanisms, ecological civilization and sustainable development, and rural revitalization and construction. In WOS, research hotspots pivot towards policy implementation and governance mechanisms, environmental issues and resource management, socio-economic impacts and equity, information disclosure and community participation, and technology and methods. 3) The research in CNKI has undergone three stages: "initiation", "development", and "deepening". In contrast, the research in WOS started relatively late and is currently still in the "development" stage. Future research should focus on enhancing disciplinary integration and fostering collaboration among domestic and international scholars and institutions. Under the rural revitalization strategy, focus should be on achieving symbiosis between rural economic growth and ecological civilization construction. Simultaneously exploring diverse stakeholder governance models, focusing on rural living environment issues and striving to reduce rural carbon emissions to address climate change challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administration is the largest part of the democratic state and a key consideration in understanding its legitimacy. Despite this, democratic theory is notoriously quiet about public administration. One exception is deliberative systems theories, which have recognized the importance of public administration and attempted to incorporate it within their orbit. This article examines how deliberative systems approaches have represented (a) the actors and institutions of public administration, (b) its mode of coordination, (c) its key legitimacy functions, (d) its legitimacy relationships, and (e) the possibilities for deliberative intervention. It argues that constructing public administration through the pre-existing conceptual categories of deliberative democracy, largely developed to explain the legitimacy of law-making, has led to some significant omissions and misunderstandings. The article redresses these issues by providing an expanded conceptualization of public administration, connected to the core concerns of deliberative and other democratic theories with democratic legitimacy and democratic reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a research domain, the smart city keeps growing, despite the remaining contradictions and ambiguity related to its conceptual aspects. We propose to dig deeper into the complex socio-technical nature of the smart city and examine the concept through the lens of different public governance paradigms, therefore aligning it with the sustainability outcomes. Embracing interrelated dimensions of humans, technologies and organisations, the smart city can be viewed through the intersection of public governance paradigms (digital governance, collaborative governance and networks). The case of the smart city initiative of Tampere in Finland serves as an empirical illustration of how the proposed conceptual model might be applied in practice. Providing a novel approach to the smart city from a public management perspective, this model would allow policymakers to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of smart city governance and its multi-dimensional outcomes, in terms of social, environmental and economic sustainability. This approach enables the unlocking of the potential to generate multiple values for each group of actors and ensure more effective integration of smart initiatives, policies and projects, based on the public governance paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates an automated workflow for extracting network data from policy documents. We use natural language processing tools, part‐of‐speech tagging, and syntactic dependency parsing, to represent relationships between real‐world entities based on how they are described in text. Using a corpus of regional groundwater management plans, we demonstrate unique graph motifs created through parsing syntactic relationships and how document‐level syntax can be aggregated to develop large‐scale graphs. This approach complements and extends existing methods in public management and governance research by (1) expanding the feasible geographic and temporal scope of data collection and (2) allowing for customized representations of governance systems to fit different research applications, particularly by creating graphs with many different node and edge types. We conclude by reflecting on the challenges, limitations, and future directions of automated, text‐based methods for governance research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to promoting reforms, governments foster change in university systems through funding, competition, and new policy instruments. Little research has been conducted on how research centre funding schemes support organizational changes in universities and on their institutional and policy barriers. This article addresses the research centre funding schemes implemented by the regional government of Galicia (Spain) in 2016. The approach is observational and based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with key actors. The regional government sought to encourage organizational differentiation by increasing the autonomy of centres inside the universities and to enhance strategic research agendas, reinforcing the scientific authority of the centres' directors. We found that the design and operation of the instrument in the context of the existing university governance system, and the interaction with other funding instruments within the policy mix, may create barriers that hinder the effectiveness of the funding scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant workers' social networks are an important source of social support in their collective behavior. This study adopts the whole network method and proposes a measure of accumulated social capital in social networks, which makes up for the insufficiency of direct social capital. It compares the heterogeneous effects of formal and informal networks and accumulated and direct social capital on migrant workers' collective behavioral willingness and dissects their interaction mechanism. The results indicate that informal networks are more conducive to collective behavioral willingness. The formal network is the regulator of the informal network, which can strengthen the effect of the informal network on migrant workers' collective behavioral willingness. Accumulated social capital more robustly affects collective behavioral willingness than direct social capital. Therefore, optimizing the measurement of social capital can help to grasp the social effects of social capital more comprehensively. To sum up, fully stimulating the role of informal network center members as a communication bridge between factory and ordinary migrant workers is conducive to promoting the positive coupling of formal and informal networks and improving governance efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDepending on Internet of Vehicle (IoV) and on-board units in 5 G, intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) gradually become the digital infrastructure and data hub to provide personalized in-vehicle infotainment (IVI), which naturally collect, use, and share the data related to users’ bio-informatics, travel patterns, and usage habits. The privacy concern (PC) will be generated when using those data services. In this article, we construct the structural equation model (SEM) to study the influencing factors of users’ PC and self-disclosure behavior (SD) regarding to ICV data services from the personality traits (PTs) perspective. A total of 481 valid questionnaires from 700 IVI users was collected. Results show that extraversion (EXT), conscientiousness (CNS), neuroticism (NEUR), privacy invasion experience (PIE), and privacy self-efficacy (PE) have significant impacts on PC. Besides, PC does not directly affect SD, but is indirectly affected by limiting profile visibility (LPV). Through revealing the relationship among PTs, PC and SD toward ICV data services, we aim to provide insights for vehicle data governance to facilitate the human-vehicle interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A policy subsystem is a system of relations between actors within the context of a specific, territorially bounded policy issue. Mature policy subsystems feature well‐established, easily distinguishable, confrontational coalitions. Recent literature has explored the behavior of nascent subsystems, which emerge in response to novel policy challenges and feature developing, rather than fully fledged, coalitions. However, as yet, we lack an empirical approach to identify and analyze the structural characteristics of nascent subsystems and assess their implications for theoretical and subsystem development. How do we recognize a nascent policy subsystem when we see one? What are the drivers of its nascent coalitional structure? We answer these questions using social network analysis in the empirical case of the governance network of adaptation to sea‐level rise in the San Francisco Bay Area, using original data collected in 2018. We find that the network portrays a nascent subsystem developing out of pre‐existing coalitions focused on two facets of environmental advocacy: environmental protection and environmental justice. We conclude with recommendations for future research on policy subsystem development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article discusses the history of efforts to shape passenger experience aboard urban railways through transport design. Taking Japan National Railways (JNR) trains as a case study, it examines the development of design interventions and organisational polices seeking to increase passenger comfort on Tokyo’s urban railway network in the second half of the 20th century. Industry and popular accounts have often tied the improvement of transport quality and passenger experience aboard JNR trains to its privatisation in 1987. In contrast, this article shows that passenger-oriented transport design has been an integral component in a continuous project to make urban railway travel more pleasant that long preceded this 1987 change in governance structures but has been held back by organisational and structural challenges. In doing so, it highlights that transport design involves the conscious shaping of both the “hardware” (i.e. physical transport infrastructure) and “software” (i.e. passenger-staff interactions) of service, as well as the backstage modification of organisational structures and processes that facilitate this framework. Built on a qualitative analysis of Japanese industry publications, newspapers, and secondary sources, the article thus contributes to literature on passenger experience, mobilities design, and transport history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the governance of inter-organizational networks for projects. This study empirically develops a theoretical framework for this, using 28 project networks as case studies, applying 124 interviews in ten countries. The abductively developed three-layered governance framework has the individual network for a project at its lowest layer, explained through Multi-level Governance Theory. This is steered by a middle layer for the governance of networks, addressing the steering of the different networks these organizations are part of. At the top is metagovernance, where the ground rules are set by governments or investors. For each layer, the governance dimensions, as well as the enablers and disablers between layers, are defined. The study's resulting theory provides an overall understanding of the governance of multiple networks for projects and provides practitioners with the parameters to optimize their networks for better project results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing public health through prevention necessitates collaboration among public, private, and community actors. Only together can these different actors amass the resources, knowledge, and community outreach required to promote health. Recent studies have suggested that university medical centres (UMCs) can play a key role in regional prevention networks, given their capacity to initiate, coordinate, drive, and monitor large partnerships. Yet, the literature often refers to prevention activities in general, leaving underexplored what UMCs can add to primary, universal prevention networks specifically. Moreover, UMCs operate in a crowded field of other organizations with extensive experience in primary prevention, who will already have an idea about what role UMCs should play in the network. This article presents a case study examining the potential role of a UMC within a densely interconnected stakeholder environment in the surroundings of a large city in the Netherlands. Combining insights from public health studies and network governance research, and integrating data from various methods, this study concludes that UMCs can enhance their contributions to prevention by assuming the role of network servants rather than network leaders. Stakeholders consider public health authorities or municipal governments as more logical candidates for coordinating the network. Moreover, partners often perceive–deservedly or not–UMCs as overly focused on the medical aspects of prevention, potentially neglecting social interventions, and as favouring universal treatments over tailor-made community interventions. At the same time, partner organizations hope that the UMCs join collaborations within the community, using their expertise to measure the impact of interventions and leveraging their prestige to generate attention for primary prevention. By synthesizing theoretical insights from multiple disciplines and analysing the empirics of network leaderships through multiple methods, this study offers UMCs a contextually-informed perspective on how to position themselves effectively within primary prevention networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations’ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognized Indigenous rights to self-determination. How these rights can be realized in territories governed by settler-states remains unclear. For fisheries, the need to understand processes that support Indigenous self-determination has gained urgency due to government commitments and investor interest in developing ocean and coastal resources, or Blue Economies, amid rapid climatic changes. Here, we explored Indigenous groups’ fishery development experiences following two approaches to reconciling Indigenous fishing rights. In New Zealand, we examined Māori groups’ experiences following the 1992 Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act. The Settlement granted Māori iwi (tribes) rights to self-govern non-commercial harvests, restrict fishing pressure in state-approved customary fishing areas, and participate in state-run systems for commercial fisheries management. In Canada, we investigated Indigenous fishery development initiatives following the Supreme Court of Canada’s 1999 ruling R. v. Marshall. Marshall reaffirmed Treaty-protected rights to harvest and trade fish, held by Mi’kmaq, Wolastoqey, and Peskotomuhkati Peoples, to support a “moderate livelihood.” We document how, in both cases, Indigenous groups’ self-determination remains constrained by actions from state regulatory and enforcement agencies that govern market access, other resource users’ activities, and processes for collecting and sharing information about fish populations. Indigenous groups’ experiences highlight that: 1) reallocations of harvest rights, on their own, are an insufficient means to redistribute access to benefits from fisheries; 2) the constraints Indigenous families have experienced in their attempts to develop small-scale fishing operations correspond to settler-state policies and cannot be addressed solely through changes to Indigenous leaders’ management decisions; and 3) polycentricity in governance regimes can pose problems for Indigenous self-determination, when citizens with political authority resist efforts to support Indigenous fisheries. To address these challenges, we call for legal reforms that require settler-state governments to support Indigenous self-determination, to overcome the political risks politicians face when advocating for a non-majority group’s interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Karácsony's win as Budapest's Mayor seemed a significant breakthrough in challenging Hungary's illiberal populist regime, opposition mayors in populist regimes are understudied, so the nature of the breakthrough was unclear. As illiberal populist regimes are as dense vertical networks, to expand liberal democracy, opposition mayors make governance networks more horizontal by increasing information, expanding participation, limiting the ruling party's rent-seeking and clientelism, and (re)creating social solidarity. Central governments try to counter these efforts. Karácsony's progress and challenges in Budapest illustrate this network model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do governing actors in international politics become legitimised? Current approaches to the study of legitimation do not fully account for the complexities of governance in contemporary international and global politics because they pre-specify 'sources' of legitimacy and treat change in audience expectations towards rightful rule as exogenous to legitimation processes. Instead, this article synthesises existing models of legitimation with relational theory to argue that constellations of institutional complexities necessitate an analytical focus on audiences and their expectations as embedded in governance networks. It then provides a relational theory of legitimation, emphasising the mechanisms undergirding legitimation: legitimation should be conceptualised as a process of congruence-finding between actors' normative expectations. A governance relation might be influenced towards greater or lesser congruence via several mechanisms working at the level of the relation and the wider network, with more congruence giving rise to stabler governance practices. In this way, the theory builds upon legitimation scholarship by developing pathways to investigate legitimation across the varied contexts of international politics: it avoids a normative background theory of legitimacy sources and provides an improved framework for understanding change in the legitimacy of institutions over time by considering endogenous mechanisms of legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population biobanks are an increasingly important infrastructure to support research and will be a much-needed resource in the delivery of personalised medicine. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can process and cross-link very large amounts of data quickly and be used not only for improving research power but also for helping with complex diagnosis and prediction of diseases based on health profiles. AI, therefore, potentially has a critical role to play in personalised medicine, and biobanks can provide a lot of the necessary baseline data related to healthy populations that will enable the development of AI tools. To develop these tools, access to personal data, and in particular, sensitive data, is required. Such data could be accessed from biobanks. Biobanks are a valuable resource for research but accessing and using the data contained within such biobanks raise a host of legal, ethical, and social issues (ELSI). This includes the appropriate consent to manage the collection, storage, use, and sharing of samples and data, and appropriate governance models that provide oversight of secondary use of samples and data. Biobanks have developed new consent models and governance tools to enable access that address some of these ELSI-related issues. In this paper, we consider whether such governance frameworks can enable access to biobank data to develop AI. As Italy has one of the most restrictive regulatory frameworks on the use of genetic data in Europe, we examine the regulatory framework in Italy. We also look at the proposed changes under the European Health Data Space (EHDS). We conclude by arguing that currently, regulatory frameworks are misaligned and unless addressed, accessing data within Italian biobanks to train AI will be severely limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of data governance mechanisms concerning the secondary use of health data in Taiwan and the European Union (EU). Both regions have adopted distinctive approaches and regulations for utilizing health data beyond primary care, encompassing areas such as medical research and healthcare system enhancement. Through an examination of these models, this study seeks to elucidate the strategies, frameworks, and legal structures employed by Taiwan and the EU to strike a delicate balance between the imperative of data-driven healthcare innovation and the safeguarding of individual privacy rights. This paper examines and compares several key aspects of the secondary use of health data in Taiwan and the EU. These aspects include data governance frameworks, legal and regulatory frameworks, data access and sharing mechanisms, and privacy and security considerations. This comparative exploration offers invaluable insights into the evolving global landscape of health data governance. It provides a deeper understanding of the strategies implemented by these regions to harness the potential of health data while upholding the ethical and legal considerations surrounding its secondary use. The findings aim to inform best practices for responsible and effective health data utilization, particularly in the context of medical AI applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global expansion of International Baccalaureate (IB), tensions have emerged between IB and the national education systems. This poses challenges to international education governance in many countries. In mainland China, IB programmes have rapidly become more prevalent since their introduction in 1991. However, new policies have imposed censorship and restrictions on international programmes regarding international education as a potential threat to China's educational sovereignty, cultural identity, and educational equity. Shanghai has the highest number of IB schools and the strictest policies in mainland China. To understand China's international education policy governance, this study traces the policy evolution of Shanghai's IB education through document analysis and interviews. Furthermore, this study examines the responses, perceptions, and demands of non-governmental stakeholders regarding current restrictive policies. Results show that the development of IB education in Shanghai has undergone three stages of policy transformation: support, regulation, and restriction. Against this policy transformation, non-governmental stakeholders believe that IB education is a "necessity". Therefore, this study suggests that IB education governance in China should incorporate the elements of network governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The market size of the Internet audiovisual industry is expanding continuously, which has profoundly affected the ecology of public opinion and the development of the digital culture industry. During the epidemic of Covid-19, it is witnessed that a surge of active online audiovisual users. However, several issues happening in the Internet audiovisual industry, such as spreading rumors, engaging in vulgar performances, which seriously damaged the network environment and social order. For this reason, a tripartite evolutionary game model of Internet audiovisual space governance was established to simulate and analyze the behavior strategies of administrative departments of radio and television, the Internet audiovisual program service agencies, and network audio and video content creators. Moreover, the game model is verified by empirical analysis. Results demonstrate that: only driven by the administrative department of broadcasting and television can the tripartite evolutionary game of Internet audiovisual space governance reach the expected evolutionary equilibrium point. Therefore, administrative departments of radio and television should give full play to the driving role in the process of Internet audiovisual space governance, strengthen the publicity of regulating the creation of Internet audiovisual content and the warning of vulgar creation through government regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve better biodiversity outcomes and match local governance capacity, cumulative effects assessment frameworks that combine Indigenous and western knowledge to predict future development impacts on biodiversity are needed.We developed a spatial future‐focused model informed by inclusive elicitation and strategic foresight to assess the regional cumulative effects of development on ecosystem health across the land and sea. We collaborated with three First Nations on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, enabling Indigenous priorities, knowledge and values to drive the process, from the choice of priority ecosystem components (including salmon, herring, seabirds and bears), to identifying future development scenarios (based on forestry, energy/mining, tourism and salmon aquaculture sectors). Bayesian networks were populated with empirical data and expert judgement elicited from knowledge holders to predict the cumulative effects of current and future pressures on species and ecosystems.Under current conditions, the lowest probability of persistence was predicted for Pacific salmon (37%), followed by Pacific herring (43%). Under future conditions, the greatest declines in species health were associated with the intense development of mining, tourism and forestry, with up to a 54% decline from the current baseline health estimates predicted for Marbled Murrelets and old‐growth forest.Future outcomes for overall ecosystem health were predicted to be worst in scenarios with high future forestry activities (>60% decline in some areas). The continuation or development of all four industries resulted in an 8% decline overall in ecosystem health across the Central Coast. In contrast, predicted ecosystem health in the tourism economy scenario increased up to 15% in some marine areas, primarily driven by the removal of salmon aquaculture and forestry activities.Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates an inclusive, regional approach to assessing the cumulative effects of future development on coastal species. The novel participatory tools and predictive framework draw upon and interweave multiple forms of knowledge, enabling Indigenous values to drive the process, and appropriately integrate Indigenous knowledge into regional cumulative effects assessment. Our interactive web application provides First Nations partners access to all outputs, supporting Indigenous‐led governance and in situ ecosystem‐based management of their lands and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptualizing city networks as institutionalized organizations allows unveiling the internal dynamics beneath their increasing dynamism in global politics. The article taps into the insightful yet uncharted theoretical framework of sociological institutionalism to analyze United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). The logic of appropriateness of unity in diversity drives the process of institutionalization of UCLG, constructing the common and unifying identity of the membership, while simultaneously controlling the potential multiple struggles deriving from the myriad of members' self-interests in an organization fraught with diversity. The process of identity construction of UCLG members as global policy actors revolves around the legitimacy that stems from their governmental nature, democratic mandate, and proximity to their communities. Yet the call to unity in diversity cannot be upheld without the definition and implementation of rules that organize the interactions among members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore optimal harvest conditions for Nunatsiavut's Arctic charr, a data-deficient yet economically and culturally important fishery for Labrador Inuit. In the past, arbitrarily set quotas in the absence of data on science and climate shifts have led to sustainability concerns. The fishery, adhering to conservation principles, continues at low intensity today, so as to support local employment and maintain sociocultural values, despite its low economic viability. Using the only available data for Nain's commercial fishery, we estimate intrinsic growth, catchability, and carrying capacity, which we then use in a bioeconomic model to estimate maximum economic yield. Results indicate that foregone commercial harvests are 75%–93% below optimal, before accounting for subsistence harvest. Improved understanding of the conditions under which subsistence and commercial fishing coexist alongside more investments in data collection to address scientific uncertainty can help provide clearer management guidance to meet harvest needs of both sectors and allow for better policies and governance of the fishery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate how an event leveraging collective's network governance forms evolved from pre- to post‐Games and how these forms influenced members??? collaborative engagement. We adopted a longitudinal qualitative case study approach. Our primary data sources included 996 pages of archival documents and 18 interviews with collective members. We found that in the pre- and during-Games stage, the leveraging collective adopted a shared participant-governed form with a facilitator. This participant-driven structure could enhance connectedness and collaborative engagement among member organizations. In the postevent phase, the collective assumed a pillar-governed form with a facilitator. Although this structure appeared to promote within‐pillar collaboration, it could compromise cross-pillar integration. This study sheds light on the changing nature of an evolving leveraging collective from pre‐ to post‐Games. This study also provides practical implications for how to maintain a leveraging collective and optimize collaborative engagement among member entities in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Lusofona de Educacao is the property of Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, CEIEF and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Initiatives that collect and share genomic data to advance health research are widespread and accelerating. Commercial interests in these efforts, while vital, may erode public trust and willingness to provide personal genomic data, upon which these initiatives depend. Understanding public attitudes towards providing genomic data for health research in the context of commercial involvement is critical. A PRISMA-guided search of six online academic databases identified 113 quantitative and qualitative studies using primary data pertaining to public attitudes towards commercial actors in the management, collection, access, and use of biobank and genomic data. The presence of commercial interests yields interrelated public concerns around consent, privacy and data security, trust in science and scientists, benefit sharing, and the ownership and control of health data. Carefully considered regulatory and data governance and access policies are therefore required to maintain public trust and support for genomic health initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is an urgent challenge that requires actions from three interdependent stakeholders: individual citizens, technology corporations, and governments. We conducted an online survey (N = 525) of US adults to examine their beliefs about the governance responsibility of these stakeholders as a function of trust and AI ethics. Different dimensions of trust and different ethical concerns were associated with beliefs in governance responsibility of the three stakeholders. Specifically, belief in the governance responsibility of the government was associated with ethical concerns about AI, whereas belief in governance responsibility of corporations was related to both ethical concerns and trust in AI. Belief in governance responsibility of individuals was related to human-centered values of trust in AI and fairness. Overall, the findings point to the need for an interdependent framework in which citizens, corporations, and governments share governance responsibilities, guided by trust and ethics as the guardrails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the role relational dynamics, grounded in the theories of social exchange and social capital, play within the context of geographic indication (GI) food supply chain network (FSCN) performance. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 30 qualitative interviews were undertaken with key informant stakeholders across a variety of organizations within Turkish GI FSCNs. An open, axial and selective grounded theory coding process was used for the analysis, teasing out critical themes that underpinned the conceptual framework. Findings: The findings identify the formal and informal mechanisms which govern GI FSCNs. These two forms of governance mechanisms influence network performance, which was found to comprise logistics, production, business and socio-economic performance dimensions. Transparency, GI traceability, trust and psychological contract violations were found to mediate the link between governance and network performance outcomes. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to explore GI FSCNs from the perspective of relationship marketing and through the lens of social exchange and social capital theory. Accordingly, both academics and practitioners can benefit from the study, as it unveils relevant relational factors underpinning such networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon 'governance diaries,' a method which used repeated interviews with a set of households and intermediaries in three countries—Mozambique, Myanmar and Pakistan—to understand how marginalised groups meet their daily governance needs, we argue that local governance networks constitute a form of public authority. The networks we examine encompass a range of local actors (state and non‐state), who help develop and enforce rules and ensure social coordination. We highlight the role of intermediaries who constitute the first point of contact for people seeking to resolve various issues. We show how these intermediaries and their networks are specific to each context, not just at a national level, but down to a granular local level. Decision‐making and the exercise of power moves around within the networks, blurring formal/informal boundaries. We conclude that in these contexts of fragility, public authority is embedded in and exercised through local governance networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural environmental governance serves as the foundational pillar of national governance, intricately linked to the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, as well as the cultivation of rural culture. Furthermore, it plays a pivotal role in fostering industrial prosperity, ensuring effective governance, and elevating living standards. This study employs a range of sophisticated software tools, including VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and ArcGIS, among others, to analyze and construct a comprehensive knowledge map encompassing 3370 research articles focused on rural environmental governance, sourced from the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and WOS (Web of Science) databases. This analytical endeavor delves into research themes, key areas of interest, developmental milestones, and emerging trends within the realm of rural environmental governance, thereby shedding light on the overarching trajectory of research endeavors in this domain within China. The findings reveal distinct phases in the evolution of research trends in the Chinese rural environmental governance literature, encompassing four distinct epochs: a period of sluggish growth (2002–2009), a phase of accelerated expansion (2009–2014), a span marked by stable and rapid advancement (2014–2021), and a recent period characterized by fluctuating decline (2021–2022). Moreover, the analysis highlights a burgeoning diversity in the distribution of relevant research disciplines. However, it is noteworthy that there exists a scarcity of highly prolific authors, and the formation of cohesive research teams has encountered challenges, underscoring significant deficiencies in research collaboration and academic discourse. As a prospective direction, future research should be tailored to the unique natural resources and socio-human characteristics intrinsic to different regions. It should also emphasize interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary investigations, with a focal point on economically disadvantaged regions situated in the central and western parts of the nation. Such an approach aims to bolster the overall caliber of domestic research endeavors in the field of rural environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of sustainable development goals (SDGs) extends beyond governmental responsibility, demanding active engagement from businesses and managers. This study systematically reviews SDG‐related research within the fields of business and management to elucidate their roles in advancing this global agenda. By analyzing a corpus of pertinent studies from Scopus and Web of Science through bibliometric–content analysis, this study not only identifies publication trends, prominent contributors, theories, contexts, and methods but also uncovers the evolving roles of businesses and managers in driving the SDGs. The main themes emerging from this analysis include (1) forging sustainable partnerships, practices, and policies, reflecting businesses' role in stakeholder collaboration and policymaking; (2) addressing contemporary sustainability challenges like artificial intelligence and the dynamics of emerging economies; (3) balancing economic advancement with environmental sustainability, highlighting businesses' impact on ecological footprints and the importance of green finance; (4) integrating financial development considerations with ecological responsibility; (5) promoting equity and well‐being, underscoring the influence of businesses and managers on societal welfare; and (6) shaping governance frameworks for sustainable production and consumption. These themes collectively paint a comprehensive picture of how business and management practices are crucial in achieving the SDGs, offering insights into current contributions, and charting potential pathways for future research and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The expansion of cocoa farms is a major driver of deforestation and emissions in Ghana's high forest zone. The Ghana Cocoa Forest Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Program (REDD+) was launched as the world's first commodity-based initiative to address emissions from deforestation caused by cocoa production and generate non-carbon benefits. Hotspot Intervention Areas were established to implement the Ghana Cocoa REDD+ program. This study combines Q-methodology with focus group discussions and interviews to assess stakeholder perceptions in the Juabuso-Bia cocoa landscape regarding the capacity of the Hotspot Intervention Area to facilitate the generation of governance and economic non-carbon benefits to sustain emission reductions. We found that introducing the Hotspot Intervention Area has re-centralized landscape governance, which, coupled with weak collaboration among stakeholders, has led to poor generation of non-carbon benefits. Furthermore, efforts to include women in the leadership structure of the Hotspot Intervention Area can be described as tokenism, and little has been done to improve land and tree tenure for vulnerable groups. This, combined with the low adoption of climate-smart cocoa practices, is likely to negatively affect the generation of economic non-carbon benefits. To overcome these challenges, we recommend reforming the Hotspot Intervention Area, bolstering community-level sensitization, improving access to decision-making spaces that will enhance the participation of women and minority groups in landscape governance, and improving farmers' tenure security through a registration scheme for land and trees. These recommendations can ensure the efficient generation of non-carbon benefits, which are key to the success of REDD+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative case study examines how the tension between control and collaboration is managed in the relationship between a Network Administrative Organization (NAO) and the 40 inter-organizational service delivery networks it governs using a performance management system. We found that the relationship between the NAO and networks operated as a 'dance', with the NAO taking steps to collaborate with and control the networks. We identified three forms of network governance ambidexterity that characterize this dance – structural, goal, and behavioural – and propose a framework of their antecedents, stability, and influencing factors. Network governance ambidexterity may help explain network functioning and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Risk governance is central for the successful and ethical operation of biobanks and the continued social license for being custodians of samples and data. Risks in biobanking are often framed as risks for participants, whereas the biobank's risks are often considered as technical ones. Risk governance relies on identifying, assessing, mitigating and communicating all risks based on technical and standardized procedures. However, within such processes, biobank staff are often involved tangentially. In this study, the aim has been to conduct a risk mapping exercise bringing biobank staff as key actors into the process, making better sense of emerging structure of biobanks. Methods: Based on the qualitative research method of situational analysis as well as the card-based discussion and stakeholder engagement processes, risk mapping was conducted at the biobank setting as an interactive engagement exercise. The analyzed material comprises mainly of moderated group discussions. Results: The findings from the risk mapping activity are framed through an organismic metaphor: the biobank as a growing, living organism in a changing environment, where trust and sustainability are cross-cutting elements in making sense of the risks. Focusing on the situatedness of the dynamics within biobanking activity highlights the importance of prioritizing relations at the core of risk governance and promoting ethicality in the biobanking process by expanding the repertoire of considered risks. Conclusion: With the organismic metaphor, the research brings the diverse group of biobank staff to the central stage for risk governance, highlighting how accounting for such diversity and interdependencies at the biobank setting is a prerequisite for an adaptive risk governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haze is a pollution phenomenon that has become increasingly frequent in recent years, primarily composed of SO2, NOx, and particulate matter. Since the “PM2.5 Crisis” in 2013, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been plagued by haze. After a series of high-intensity management activities, the air quality in Beijing has continued to improve. To investigate the effectiveness of the haze control measures in Beijing, a dynamic management model was constructed using the system dynamics approach and implemented using Stella software. The model is simulated and evaluated the contribution to different governance strategies (increasing investment in science and technology innovation, reducing motor vehicle ownership, reducing coal consumption, and a combination policy) to reduce haze in Beijing from 2010 to 2025. The validity and robustness of the model were verified through model testing and validation. The simulation results showed that: (1) the combination policy has the most significant effect on reducing energy consumption and pollution emissions, which would reduce energy consumption by 38.93 million tons and pollution emissions by 128.33 thousand tons in 2025, (2) among the single treatment measures, reducing industrial coal consumption is the most effective measure to reducing haze, (3) it is necessary to strengthen the joint prevention and control of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the future to promote the sustainable development of the regional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how regulatory sandboxes can be used to promote the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The analysis focus on the experiences of Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) who have been experimenting with sandboxes to foster the implementation of privacy by design principles in AI systems. Throughout bibliographic research, this study (i) highlights privacy-related elements on international AI regulatory frameworks; (ii) explores the concept of privacy by design (PbD) and some of its strategies, patterns and techniques, such as Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs); (iii) reflects upon the impact of regulatory sandboxes; and (iv) analyses how regulatory sandboxes are being discussed in the context of AI regulatory frameworks. While this study brings global perspective on regulatory sandboxes, it also does relevant analysis in the Latin American context by presenting different stages of development of initiatives in the region. One of the main findings of this paper is that literature currently lacks an analysis of how privacy by design could be used in the context of AI systems design and governance. It also suggests that regulatory sandboxes may be able to integrate PbD principles to foster the development of trustworthy AI, although further research would be needed on that matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasingly prominent issue of unfair competition on Internet platforms (IPUC) severely restricts the healthy and sustainable development of the platform economy. Based on the IPUC "multi-agent co-governance" scenario, this paper introduces stochastic disturbances and continuous strategy set to improve the classical binary deterministic evolutionary game system. The results show that after considering stochastic disturbances, the positive state corresponding to the equilibrium point (1,1) is no longer stable, and the required parameter conditions are more stringent. The IPUC "multi-agent co-governance" system under stochastic disturbances exhibits specific vulnerability. In the continuous strategy set evolutionary game system, government departments and Internet platforms can flexibly make optimal decisions based on maximizing expected returns, and strategy selection has better elasticity. Regardless of the evolutionary game scenario, maintaining the participation level of NGOs and the public above a certain threshold while increasing the penalty intensity is conducive to the evolution of the game system toward the positive state. The analysis process and conclusions provide insights and guidance for the governments to design the IPUC regulatory system and frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI governance began to emerge as a focal point of discourse in Korea from the mid 2010s. Since then, multiple government and public bodies have released guidelines for AI governance, and various tech companies have announced their own AI ethics and governance principles. Beyond its borders, Korea has also actively participated in efforts to establish international norms and guidelines on AI governance. These developments were in part propelled by events that increased public awareness of the importance of trustworthy AI. This has also led to numerous legislative proposals that purport to increase technical and legal checks on such systems. At the same time, Korea has maintained its emphasis on the promotion of new technologies as a fundamental principle of legislative policy. Pursuing the dual goals of spurring innovation in the field of AI while at the same time ensuring its safety has led to confusion and, in some cases, incongruity within the AI governance framework in Korea. The Korean experience sheds light on factors that can influence the trajectory of a jurisdiction's AI governance, including public awareness of AI's potential for both benefit and harm, and the existing legislative and policy framework for governing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how AI ethics has been developed at the national level in Japan, and what this process reveals about broader Japanese state imaginaries of how advanced technology should be developed and used, and what a future with these technologies should look like. Key developments in the Japanese government's approach to AI ethics and governance between 2014 and 2023 are laid out, based on an analysis of official reports and policy documents supplemented by data collected via semi-structured interviews with three expert members of the committees that formulated several key sets of ethical principles. The paper considers Japan's positioning in the global race to develop AI ethics principles over this period, as well as the imaginary of AI within the wider historical context of imaginaries about the knowledge society in Japan. I suggest three ways in which AI ethics has been understood and instrumentalized in the Japanese context, and argue that the main methodology used to date—ELSI—complements the government's utopian and techno-determinist imaginaries of the future while concealing a deeply conservative approach that serves to reproduce structural inequalities and discrimination despite the apparent internationalism and progressive values that are repeatedly expressed in state-promoted ethical principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to identify research on public governance during the period from 2019 to 2023 through research in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Methodology: this is a systematic literature review, using a quantitative approach. Results: it was evident that, in relation to the methodological approach, a certain equivalence was observed between quantitative and qualitative approaches, as well as between theoretical and empirical models, and that only one study dealt with public governance under the context of Covid-19. The scientific production related to the aforementioned theme did not reflect the diversity of Brazilian states, given that 65% of the selected works came from authors from the Rio de Janeiro and Paraná axis. Of the 20 (twenty) articles researched, the authors cover only eight Brazilian states. Conclusions: this article makes important contributions regarding the systematization of robust and updated literature on the topic, which can serve as guidance for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated food security governance in relation to taming the endemic starvation for peace and sustainable development in Africa. Food and nutrition security remain a multi-dimensional concept to ensure sustainability of the food system by 2030. It is a prerequisite to meaningful development as starving people are not capable of learning, innovating, nor prioritizing sustainable development. The COVID-19 preventive measures such as lockdowns and curfews, and persistent conflict in Africa, plunged deteriorating food insecurity into steep descent that necessitates collaborative efforts and partnerships to change the trajectory. The partnerships will restore livelihoods, and eliminate starvation, disease, abject poverty, wars and eventually restore peace. Data for the study were collected through systematic review of scholarly reviewed publications obtained from Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA) database, University of Nairobi and Google search engines. The objectives of this paper, therefore, are to analyse underlying causes of persistent starvation in Africa, examine the factors that contribute to food security issues degenerating into conflict, and highlight the role of governance in finding lasting solutions to persistent starvation in the continent. However, it was revealed that, there is congruence that conflict and disease (COVID-19) may require more attention, with unanimous calls for the adoption of multilateralism in food governance as strategy to handle the nexus issues on food, water, energy, climate, economy, conflict and disease. Attention is also required to be focused on innovations supporting small-scale farmers, especially women farmers who are the most vulnerable, to benefit from autonomous measures (such as climate-smart agriculture practices) and adaptation to climate extremes. Conclusions are drawn on the best possible strategies available to mitigate endemic starvation in Africa, the urgent need for joint efforts to eliminate conflict – induced food insecurity, and emphasis on a systems approach to tackle nexus issues (Food-Water-Energy-Climate-Economy-Conflict and Disease) to ensure sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promises and risks of Artificial Intelligence permeate current policy statements and have attracted much attention by AI governance research. However, most analyses focus exclusively on AI policy on the national and international level, overlooking existing federal governance structures. This is surprising because AI is connected to many policy areas, where the competences are already distributed between the national and subnational level, such as research or economic policy. Addressing this gap, this paper argues that more attention should be dedicated to subnational efforts to shape AI and asks which themes are discussed in subnational AI policy documents with a case study of Germany's 16 states. Our qualitative analysis of 34 AI policy documents issued on the subnational level demonstrates that subnational efforts focus on knowledge transfer between research and industry actors, the commercialization of AI, different economic identities of the German states, and the incorporation of ethical principles. Because federal states play an active role in AI policy, analysing AI as a policy issue on different levels of government is necessary and will contribute to a better understanding of the developments and implementations of AI strategies in different national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algorithm is the core category and basic methods of the digital age, and advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain all need to rely on various algorithm designs or take the algorithm as the underlying principle. However, due to the characteristics of algorithm design, application, and technology itself, there are also hidden worries such as algorithm black-box, algorithm discrimination, and difficulty in accountability in the operation process to varying degrees. This paper summarizes these problems into three aspects: unexplainable, self-reinforcing and autonomous. Facing the opportunities and risks generated by the application of the algorithm in national governance, while actively promoting the development of algorithm technology to continuously promote the modernization process of national governance, it is also necessary to increase the governance of the algorithm. The practice has proved that enhancing the interpretability of algorithm, optimizing algorithm design, and adopting legal regulatory algorithm are the basic approaches to effective regulatory algorithm in the era of intelligent governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By introducing Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURF), the Chilean government has devolved authority over the appropriation of benthic fisheries to local fishers' organisations. Yet there is little evidence of how this local governance works for membership organisations. Drawing on the theory of lateral network governance, the role of legitimacy in governance outcomes is examined by conducting a comparative case study of two TURF networks in northern Chile. Counterintuitively, more effective governance outcomes were found in the TURF network characterised by a less favourable legitimacy structure of decision-making than the case with a better legitimacy structure. Considering context and network evolution, it is suggested that although organisational renewal and high membership turnover potentially fragment legitimacy, they also enable novel collective action and better governance outcomes. The observed divergence of actual legitimacy from formal governance structure underscores the need for dynamic analysis of collective resource governance beyond the formal chart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the largest data science research incubator initiatives in the country, the University of California, Berkeley's Data Science Discovery Program serves as a case study for a scalable and sustainable model of data science consulting in higher education. This case contributes to the broader literature on data science consulting in higher education by analysing the programme's development, institutional influences; staffing and structural model; and defining features, which may prove instructive to similar programmes at other institutions. The programme is characterised by a unique structure of undergraduate consultations led by graduate student mentorship and governance; a streamlined, multidepartmental model that facilitates scalability and sustainability; and diverse modes for undergraduate consulting—including one‐on‐one ad‐hoc data science consultations, extended data science project development and management, peer mentorship and data science workshop instruction. This case demonstrates that universities may be able to initiate a low‐stakes, small‐scale data science consulting initiative and then progressively scale up the project in collaboration with multiple departments and organisations across campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the experimental governance of urban regeneration in China from the perspective of social learning, through an empirical study of a pilot project called Kingway Brewery in Shenzhen. Single-loop and double-loop learning have contributed to policy innovation, through converting tacit knowledge from experimental pilot projects into explicit and codified knowledge in policy-making. Problem and strategy framing incrementally became more mature and structured, during the deliberative interaction of continuous experimental practice and social learning. In the micro processes of social learning and policy innovation, planners play a crucial role as intermediators and knowledge brokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To identify and assess the effectiveness of national antibiotic optimization interventions in primary and secondary care in England (2013–2022). Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted. Literature databases (Embase and Medline) were used to identify interventions and evaluations. Reports included the UK AMR Strategy (2013–2018), National Action Plan (2019–2024) and English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilisation and Resistance (ESPAUR) reports (2014–2022). The design, focus and quality of evaluations and the interventions' effectiveness were extracted. Findings Four hundred and seventy-seven peer-reviewed studies and 13 reports were screened. One hundred and three studies were included for review, identifying 109 interventions in eight categories: policy and commissioning (n  = 9); classifications (n  = 1); guidance and toolkits (n  = 22); monitoring and feedback (n  = 17); professional engagement and training (n  = 19); prescriber tools (n  = 12); public awareness (n  = 17); workforce and governance (n  = 12). Most interventions lack high-quality effectiveness evidence. Evaluations mainly focused on clinical, microbiological or antibiotic use outcomes, or intervention implementation, often assessing how interventions were perceived to affect behaviour. Only 16 interventions had studies that quantified effects on prescribing, of which six reported reductions. The largest reduction was reported with structural-level interventions and attributed to a policy and commissioning intervention (primary care financial incentives). Behavioural interventions (guidance and toolkits) reported the greatest impact in hospitals. Conclusions Many interventions have targeted antibiotic use, each pulling different levers across the health system simultaneously. On the basis of these studies, structural-level interventions may have the greatest impact. Collectively, the combination of interventions may explain England's decline in prescribing but direct evidence of causality is unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]