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1. Effects of Alkalinity and pH on Survival, Growth, and Enzyme Activities in Juveniles of the Razor Clam, Sinonovacula constricta

Author

Peng Maoxiao, Ye Bo, Liu Xiaojun, Niu Donghong, Lan Tianyi, Dong Zhiguo, and Li Jiale

Subjects
carbonate alkalinity, enzyme activity, growth, inland saline water, pH, Sinonovacula constricta, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

In order to clarify the possibility of rearing razor clams (Sinonovacula constricta) in inland saline water (ISW) and to facilitate their breeding under these stressful conditions, we performed semi-static acute and chronic toxicity tests to determine the effects of carbonate alkalinity (CA) and pH on the survival and growth rate, and critical metabolic enzyme activity in juvenile of S. constricta (JSC). (1) Acute toxicity test. As the water CA increased from 1.22 to 45.00 mmol L-1, the survival rate decreased significantly, which was exacerbated by the increase in the pH. When the water CA was set at 2.5 mmol L-1, the 48 h lethal concentration 50% (LC50) for JSCs with respect to pH was 9.86. When the water pH was 9.0, 9.5, and 10.0, the 48 h LC50 values for JSCs with respect to CA were 10.38, 8.79, and 3.11 mmol L-1, respectively. (2) Chronic toxicity test. Four experimental groups comprising the control, CAS, pHS, and CA-pHS were designated according to the target ISW data. After 3 months of stress, the JSC survival rate in each group exceeded 85%, but survival was significantly lower in the CA-pHS group than the control group (p < 0.05) in the first month. For the JSCs in various groups, the shell length growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) rate were significantly lower in the CA-pHS group than the other groups (p < 0.05 for SGR; p < 0.001 for WG) in the first month. However, the difference in the growth rate among groups decreased in the next 2 months. For the JSCs in the CA-pHS group, the oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion, Na+/K+-ATPase, aspartate aminotransferase, and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher than those in the other groups during the first month, but there were no significant differences between the groups subsequently. The acetylcholinesterase and lysozyme levels did not differ significantly among groups during stress for 3 months. The integrated biomarker response index showed that stressors comprising high pH and CA could be tolerated well by JSCs over long periods of stress. These results indicate that water CA and pH together affect the survival, growth, and physiological activity of JSCs. S. constricta is suitable for culture in ISW.

Published
2018
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22. Effects of different hyposaline acclimation methods on survival, physiological metabolism and antioxidant levels of Sinonovacula constricta.

Author

WANG Xinxing, DU Xinxin, YANG Dong, LIU Qi, NIU Donghong, SHEN Heding, and LI Jiale

Subjects
SALINE water conversion, ACCLIMATIZATION, NITROGEN excretion, SALINE waters, OXYGEN consumption, SUPEROXIDE dismutase, METABOLISM, SURVIVAL rate
Abstract

To explore the feasibility of developing fishery aquaculture in low salt water, this study compared and analyzed the desalination effect of Sinonovacula contricta under different domestication methods. In this experiment, three groups with different low-salt domestication methods were set up (group Da: isokinetic domestication group with salinity decreased by 3 per 48 h; Group Db: isokinetic domestication group with salinity decreased by 1.5 per 24 h; group Dc: segmented domestication group with salinity decreased by 3 per 48 h before 10 and salinity decreased by 1 per 24 h after 10) and undomesticated group (Ud : salinity 5), water salinity decreased from 20 to 5, and the desalination period was 10 d. The survival, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia nitrogen excretion rate, feeding rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of clams in each experimental group were measured. The results showed that the survival rate of S. contricta in all domesticated groups was significantly higher than that of undomesticated group (43%), and the survival rate of group Dc (86%) was the highest. The oxygen consumption rate and ammonia nitrogen excretion rate in group Dc were significantly lower than those in group Da and group Db. The feeding experiments showed the feeding rate of group Dc was significantly higher than group A and group B. S. constricta in group Dc showed the least fluctuation of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In brief, the segmented desalination mode with a lower desalination rate and gradually decreasing the desalination rate with the decrease of salinity had significant advantages, which provided a reference for the desalination culture of S. contricta in low-saline water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Microsatellite records for volume 8, issue 2

Author

Almojil, Dareen, Arias, Maria Cristina, Beasley, Rochelle R., Chen, Yiyong, Clark, Rulon W., Dong, Yinghui, Dong, Zhiguo, Forsdick, Natalie, Françoso, Elaine, González-Ortegón, E., González-Tizón, A. M., Gui, Linsheng, Guo, Huayang, Guo, Hongfang, Hale, Marie L., Jiang, Shigui, Jones, Kenneth L., Lance, Stacey L., Lei, Yi, Li, Jiuxuan, Li, Xiaoyan, Li, Haotian, Li, Chuanwu, Li, Xiaoying, Li, Jiale, Lian, Zongqiang, Liang, Zhiqiang, Lindgreen, Stinus, Liu, Tiantian, Liu, Mingqiu, Liu, Zhihong, Liu, Xiaojun, Lu, Yongqiang, Lv, Tianshu, Ma, Qingzhan, Ma, Wenming, Martínez-Lage, A., Massaro, Melanie, Niu, Donghong, Perina, A., Ramalho, Mauro, Ricardo, Paulo Cseri, Rice, Stephen E., Santos, Priscila Karla Ferreira, Sha, Weilai, Silva, Maise, Song, Zhaobin, Sun, Xiujun, Vizcaíno, A., Wang, Yaning, Wang, Xiaoyu, Wang, Chongrui, Wang, Chenghe, Wei, Dawei, Wu, Xudong, Wu, Biao, Xiang, Xing, Xue, Shuyu, Yang, Aiguo, Yuan, Xiping, Zan, Linsen, Zhan, Aibin, Zhang, Nan, Zhang, Dianchang, Zhang, Huanxin, Zhang, Jiupan, Zhang, Le, Zhang, Guangming, Zhang, Honghai, Zhang, Zaiyong, Zhang, Guangming, Zhao, Chao, Zhou, Yu, Zhou, Liqing, Zhu, Kecheng, and Zhu, Wanchao

Published
2016
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26. Domain-Dependent Evolution Explains Functional Homology of Protostome and Deuterostome Complement C3-Like Proteins

Author

Peng, Maoxiao, Li, Zhi, Cardoso, João, Niu, Donghong, Liu, Xiaojun, Dong, Zhiguo, Li, Jiale, and Power, Deborah

Subjects
Parallel evolution, Immunology, Complement C3, C3-like protein a-subunit, Invertebrates, Conserved domain, C5 family, Species Specificity, Functional homologues, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Amino Acid Sequence, Phylogeny, C4
Abstract

Complement proteins emerged early in evolution but outside the vertebrate clade they are poorly characterized. An evolutionary model of C3 family members revealed that in contrast to vertebrates the evolutionary trajectory ofC3-likegenes in cnidarian, protostomes and invertebrate deuterostomes was highly divergent due to independent lineage and species-specific duplications. The deducedC3-likeand vertebrate C3, C4 and C5 proteins had low sequence conservation, but extraordinarily high structural conservation and 2-chain and 3-chain protein isoforms repeatedly emerged. Functional characterization of threeC3-likeisoforms in a bivalve representative revealed that in common with vertebrates complement proteins they were cleaved into two subunits, b and a, and the latter regulated inflammation-related genes, chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Changes within the thioester bond cleavage sites and the a-subunit protein (ANATO domain) explained the functional differentiation of bivalveC3-like. The emergence of domain-related functions early during evolution explains the overlapping functions of bivalveC3-likeand vertebrate C3, C4 and C5, despite low sequence conservation and indicates that evolutionary pressure acted to conserve protein domain organization rather than the primary sequence.

Published
2022
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50. Effects of Alkalinity and pH on Survival, Growth, and Enzyme Activities in Juveniles of the Razor Clam, Sinonovacula constricta

Author

Lan Tianyi, Peng Maoxiao, Niu Donghong, Ye Bo, Li JiaLe, Dong Zhiguo, and Liu Xiaojun

Subjects
Sinonovacula, Physiology, growth, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Physiology, Excretion, Animal science, Physiology (medical), medicine, Survival rate, Chronic toxicity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, lcsh:QP1-981, Chemistry, pH, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Saline water, Acute toxicity, Enzyme assay, carbonate alkalinity, enzyme activity, Sinonovacula constricta, 040102 fisheries, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, inland saline water, medicine.symptom, Weight gain
Abstract

In order to clarify the possibility of rearing razor clams (Sinonovacula constricta) in inland saline water (ISW) and to facilitate their breeding under these stressful conditions, we performed semi-static acute and chronic toxicity tests to determine the effects of carbonate alkalinity (CA) and pH on the survival and growth rate, and critical metabolic enzyme activity in juvenile of S. constricta (JSC). (1) Acute toxicity test. As the water CA increased from 1.22 to 45.00 mmol L-1, the survival rate decreased significantly, which was exacerbated by the increase in the pH. When the water CA was set at 2.5 mmol L-1, the 48 h lethal concentration 50% (LC50) for JSCs with respect to pH was 9.86. When the water pH was 9.0, 9.5, and 10.0, the 48 h LC50 values for JSCs with respect to CA were 10.38, 8.79, and 3.11 mmol L-1, respectively. (2) Chronic toxicity test. Four experimental groups comprising the control, CAS, pHS, and CA-pHS were designated according to the target ISW data. After 3 months of stress, the JSC survival rate in each group exceeded 85%, but survival was significantly lower in the CA-pHS group than the control group (p < 0.05) in the first month. For the JSCs in various groups, the shell length growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) rate were significantly lower in the CA-pHS group than the other groups (p < 0.05 for SGR; p < 0.001 for WG) in the first month. However, the difference in the growth rate among groups decreased in the next 2 months. For the JSCs in the CA-pHS group, the oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion, Na+/K+-ATPase, aspartate aminotransferase, and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher than those in the other groups during the first month, but there were no significant differences between the groups subsequently. The acetylcholinesterase and lysozyme levels did not differ significantly among groups during stress for 3 months. The integrated biomarker response index showed that stressors comprising high pH and CA could be tolerated well by JSCs over long periods of stress. These results indicate that water CA and pH together affect the survival, growth, and physiological activity of JSCs. S. constricta is suitable for culture in ISW.

Published
2018

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