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Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T09:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3-Selection-strategies-for-increasing-the.pdf: 884903 bytes, checksum: 2f5a26504be146b4d16e51e2dea2125c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Forage plant breeders often use visual scores to assess agronomic traits because of the costs associated with in-depth phenotyping in the initial stages of breeding cycles. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the number of graders on the effectiveness of indirect selection of high-yielding genotypes and determine an optimal number of graders in the early-stage trials of Urochloa ruziziensis. For that purpose, five graders assessed 2.219 U. ruziziensis genotypes in an augmented block design. Biomass production and vigor scores were evaluated in two cuts and were analyzed using a linear mixed model approach. Vigor scores were analyzed considering each grader?s score and the combinations of two, three, four, and five graders. Genetic variance was significant for both traits. Visual evaluation was effective in identifying productive genotypes based on the statistical criteria. The optimal number of graders for indirect selection of high-yielding U. ruziziensis genotypes is three. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-16T18:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Predictive-approach.pdf: 470531 bytes, checksum: 6069397bc031f1fbb9140f3239ca0354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Perennial grass hybrids of Urochloa are evaluated for at least two years during the screening stage trials (SS) and advanced trials (AD) in breeding programs, an expensive and time-consuming process. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential for early selection of cultivars in this breeding scheme. We used multiple measurements of agronomic and nutritive value traits of Urochloa humidicola and Urochloa decumbens in the SS, and Urochloa ssp. in the AD. Repeatability coefficient, genetic correlation, selection efficiency (SE), and Spearman correlations were estimated. The results indicated that reliable early selection could be applied, decreasing the evaluation period to one year and a half for SS, and to one year for AD. These results were confirmed by high genetic and rank correlations, and overall SE above 50%. This proposed change in the breeding scheme could save considerable time, labor, and resources and accelerate the release of improved cultivars. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-27T18:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluatingearlyselectioninperennialtropicalforages.pdf: 440642 bytes, checksum: bee96446e56a21634ae598716a81207a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The diallel cross constitutes an informative genetic design for choosing genitors and crosses in breeding programmes since it provides estimates of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities. Because the breeding programme for Urochloa humidicola ([Rendle] Morrone & Zuloaga; syn. Brachiaria humidicola [Rendle] Schweick) at Embrapa Beef Cattle is recent, these estimates are still unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to obtain the estimates of GCA and SCA from the partial diallel cross design between sexual and apomictic parents. The crosses involved nine sexual and ten apomictic parents. Seventy‐one full‐sib progenies were obtained and evaluated in an incomplete block design, using all parents and the cv. BRS Tupi as a check. The agronomic and forage quality traits were evaluated using seven harvests. Statistical analysis was performed using the mixed model approach. Significant variations were associated with GCA among sexual parents for biomass yield and forage quality traits. However, this cannot be observed for apomictic parents for GCA. The SCA effect was not significant for the assessed traits. These results showed the predominance of additive effects. Sexual parents SEX3 and SEX4 presented the highest potential for contributing favourable alleles in hybrid combinations. The absence of GCA among apomictic parents and SCA suggests the need to increase genetic variability for the generation of breeding populations of U. humidicola. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-28T00:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Combiningabilityamongapomicticandsexual.pdf: 757816 bytes, checksum: 7c3419460589d2804b5d4210eed2d3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

In breeding of sweet sorghum hybrids, non-additive genetic effects are important in phenotypic expression of the traits of interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general combining ability (GCA) of sweet sorghum lines and the specific combining ability (SCA) of the hybrids for agronomic and technological traits. Five fertility restorer lines, four male-sterile lines, and their hybrids from partial diallel crosses were evaluated in experiments laid out in a 5 x 6 triple rectangular lattice design in the municipalities of Lavras, MG and Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. Diallel analysis was performed using the Griffing model adapted to partial diallel crosses. There was a significant effect of GCA and SCA for most of the traits evaluated, indicating the participation of additive or dominant genes in inheritance. The restorer lines CMSX508, BRS 511, CMSXS643, and CMSXS646 show potential for use as parents in sorghum breeding programs. Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-28T23:43:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Generalspecific1.pdf: 541067 bytes, checksum: b8f2bbeb796c9ebaefada50c00b324c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-28

O trabalho estudou o controle genético dos caracteres comprimento (CRP) e número de nós (NNRP) do ramo principal e hábito de crescimento em feijão-caupi, a partir dos cruzamentos TE96-282-22G x TVX-5058-09C e TE96-282-22G x IT81D-1332. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Meio-Norte, em Teresina, PI, Brasil, no ano de 2003.

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar estratégias de análises de experimentos considerando um grande número de clones e um número reduzido de mudas a serem avaliadas. Foram analisados dados da circunferência a altura do peito de duas épocas de avaliação, aos 30 e 90 meses, de um teste clonal de eucalipto em três locais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos aumentados, com 400 clones regulares distribuídos em 20 blocos e com quatro clones comuns (testemunhas). A parcela foi constituída de cinco plantas no espaçamento 3 x 3 metros. Foram realizadas as análises estatísticas individuais por local e época, a conjunta de locais por época e a conjunta envolvendo os três locais e as duas épocas. Cada uma das análises foi realizada de acordo com dois modelos: blocos aumentados (DBA) e entre e dentro (ED). Foram estimados os componentes de variância, as herdabilidades, a correlação de Spearman na classificação dos clones e os índices de coincidência na seleção dos clones. Constatou-se que as análises em DBA e as análises ED fornecem resultados semelhantes na avaliação de clones de eucalipto. Os índices de coincidência entre os dois modelos na seleção dos clones, de maneira geral, foram altos, apresentando valores de 100% nas análises conjuntas de locais aos 90 meses. As estimativas das correlações de Spearman foram concordantes com os índices de coincidência. Verificou-se, também, que a interação clones x épocas foi expressiva e que os índices de coincidência na seleção dos clones aos 30 meses e aos 90 meses, nas análises conjuntas de locais, foram da ordem de 42% no ED e 47% no DBA, quando considerada uma intensidade de seleção de 5%.

Cowpea is a crop that has become socio-economically relevant, mainly in developing countries. Correlation studies are important to determine the association between quantitative traits and yield to guide the selection, i.e., choose direct or indirect selection. The objective was to estimate the correlations between six agronomic traits in cowpea as well as the correlations between the estimates of combining abilities of parents. Genotypes with high pod weight and pod length, 100-grain weight, and number of beans per pod should be used to improve grain yield in cowpea. The breeder should preferably insert plants into his group of crosses that have a high combining ability for pod length, number of grains per pod and yield per plot.

O conhecimento das correlações genéticas entre os principais caracteres utilizados no melhoramento de plantas serve de base para delinear estratégias otimizadas de seleção. O procedimento da análise de trilha permite refinar essas correlações, desdobrando-as em efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre o caráter principal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desdobrar as correlações genéticas de caracteres relativos ao cacho e à produção de frutos em progênies de meios-irmãos de açaizeiro em efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre a produção total de frutos, a fim de verificar a melhor estratégia de seleção para obtenção de progênies mais produtivas. Foi instalado um experimento com 25 progênies de meios-irmãos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcela de cinco plantas. Os dados dos anos agrícolas de 2005, 2006 e 2007 foram analisados pelo enfoque de modelos mistos, e as correlações genéticas, submetidas à análise de trilha. A produção de frutos correlacionou-se ao número de meses em produção, número total de cacho, peso de frutos por cacho e ao número de ráquilas por cacho. No entanto, pela análise de trilha, apenas o peso de frutos por cacho, o número de cachos e o número de ráquilas por cacho mostram-se como os principais determinantes na variação da produção de frutos de açaizeiro. Dentre esses caracteres, o número de ráquilas por cacho é o menos influenciado pelo ambiente e, portanto, mais promissor para obter ganhos indiretos na produção total de frutos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético produtivo de progênies de feijão?caupi (Vigna unguiculata) segregantes quanto ao tipo da inflorescência.

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic progress of eight cycles of recurrent selection for common bean lines with high yield. The base population was obtained from 10 parents differing in several characters. To date, eight selection cycles have been performed. In each cycle the selection process continues after recombination, until lines are established, which are then evaluated more extensively in the experiment of evaluation of elite lines together with lines of other programs. The genetic progress was estimated based on the data of evaluations of these lines in each cycle over the years. The estimated genetic progress of 3.3 % per cycle allows the conclusion that recurrent selection for grain yield is efficient. Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T14:45:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bd5329dddbe92d841.pdf: 445186 bytes, checksum: a9c1d5975cd4cb0b654273a404b58523 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-26

Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T14:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BIC200510.pdf: 79543 bytes, checksum: 63805dfe416c7184dc26fa8f595ce106 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-18