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Objective: To confirm the usefulness of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy during the clipping of a low riding posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm through cadaver dissection. Methods: Anatomic measurements of 12 adult cadaveric heads (24 sides total) were performed to compare the microsurgical exposure of the PCoA and internal carotid artery (ICA) before and after clinoidectomy. A standard pterional craniotomy and transsylvian approach were performed in all cadavers. The distance from the ICA bifurcation to the origin of PCoA (D1), pre-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the ICA bifurcation to tentorium (D2), post-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the ICA bifurcation to tentorium (D3), pre-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the tentorium to the origin of PCoA (D4) and post-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the tentorium to the origin of PCoA (D5) and the distance of the ICA obtained after anterior clinoidectomy (D6) were measured. We measured the precise thickness of the blade for the Yasargil clip with a digital precision ruler to confirm the usefulness of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy. Results: Twenty-four sites were dissected from 12 cadavers. The age of the cadavers was 79.83±6.25 years. The number of males was the same as the females. The space from the proximal origin of the PCoA to the preclinoid-tentorium (D4) was 1.45±1.08 mm (max, 4.01; min, 0.56). After the clinoidectomy, the space from the proximal origin of the PCoA to the postclinoid-tentorium (D5) was 3.612±1.15 mm (max, 6.14; min, 1.83). The length (D6) of the exposed proximal ICA after the extradural clinoididectomy was 2.17±1.04 mm on the lateral side and 2.16±0.89 mm on the medial side. The thickness of the Yasargil clip blade used during the clipping surgery was 1.35 mm measured with a digital precision ruler. Conclusion: The proximal length obtained by performing an external anterior clinoidectomy is about 2 mm, sufficient for proximal control during PCoA aneurysm surgery, considering the thickness of the aneurysm clips. In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, performing an extradural anterior clinoidectomy could prevent a devastating situation during PCoA aneurysm clipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares two surgical approaches, the anterior petrosal approach (APA) and the endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA), for accessing the petrous apex and petroclival region of the brainstem. The study conducted cadaveric dissections and measured the angle of attack (AOA) and surgical depth at the target area of interest. The results showed that APA had greater AOA and shorter surgical depth compared to ETOA. However, ETOA provided better exposure of the lateral brainstem. The study concludes that ETOA is a valid surgical option with direct access to the brainstem, although it has less maneuverability than APA. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the surgical treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts (ACs) and presents the results of a retrospective study on 27 patients who underwent surgical treatment between 2000 and 2022. The majority of ACs were found in the supratentorial region, with the middle cranial fossa being the most common location. Headache was the most common symptom, followed by seizure, dizziness, and endocrine dysfunction. Surgical modalities included cystoperitoneal shunt placement, microscopic cyst excision, and microscopic fenestration. Recently, endoscopic cyst fenestration (EF) has been used with good therapeutic effects and minimal invasiveness. Overall, surgical treatment of symptomatic ACs can be effective in most patients. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the anterior petrosal approach (APA) as a surgical technique for the resection of petroclival meningiomas (PCM) and the relief of trigeminal neuralgia. The APA involves removing the petrous bone and opening the porus trigeminus to access the tumor and decompress the trigeminal nerve. The study analyzed five cases of PCM that underwent APA surgery, achieving near-total resection in three cases and subtotal resection in two cases. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding skull base anatomy, surgical skills, and preoperative imaging for successful APA surgery. Overall, the APA is considered an effective technique for managing PCM and relieving trigeminal neuralgia. [Extracted from the article]

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease that is caused by a silent mutation of the LMNA gene encoding lamins A and C (lamin A/C). The G608G mutation generates a more accessible splicing donor site than does WT and produces an alternatively spliced product of LMNA called progerin, which is also expressed in normal aged cells. In this study, we determined that progerin binds directly to lamin A/C and induces profound nuclear aberrations. Given this observation, we performed a random screening of a chemical library and identified 3 compounds (JH1, JH4, and JH13) that efficiently block progerin-lamin A/C binding. These 3 chemicals, particularly JH4, alleviated nuclear deformation and reversed senescence markers characteristic of HGPS cells, including growth arrest and senescenceassociated β-gal (SA-β-gal) activity. We then used microarray-based analysis to demonstrate that JH4 is able to rescue defects of cell-cycle progression in both HGPS and aged cells. Furthermore, administration of JH4 to [Lmna.sup.C60SC/C60SC]-mutant mice, which phenocopy human HGPS, resulted in a marked improvement of several progeria phenotypes and an extended lifespan. Together, these findings indicate that specific inhibitors with the ability to block pathological progerin-lamin A/C binding may represent a promising strategy for improving lifespan and health in both HGPS and normal aging., Introduction Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare disease that recapitulates some aspects of physiological aging (1-5). Accordingly, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HGPS may be [...]