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Objective: We do this investigation in order to reveal the relationship between the polymorphism of 1082A/G, anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 gene promoter, and end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients microinflammatory state and arteriosclerosis (AS)., Methods: We used PCR-RFLP to measure the various kinds of distribution of IL-10 gene-1082A/G genotype and relevant indexes of microinflammatory state and AS of 870 ESRD patients and 1000 healthy persons of control group and to analyze the mechanism of its protection effect keeping ESRD patients away from microinflammation and arteriosclerosis., Results: Compared with the control group, CRP, TNF-alpha, CH50, C3, IL-10 and Alb of ESRD group were in the normal range, but still significantly higher than those of the control group, while IL-10, Alb were significant lower (P < 0.05). The genotype distribution and allele frequency of IL-10A/G gene had no significant differences between the healthy group and the control group (P > 0.05). Levels of CRP, TNF-alpha, CH50 and C3 of ESRD patients with IL-10A/A genotype were significantly higher than those of ESRD patients with G/G and G/A genotype (P < 0.05), while IL-10 and Alb were significantly lower (P < 0.01). The production of IL-10 in serum from patients with IL-10A/A genotype was significantly lower than that of patients with G/G and G/A genotype (P < 0.01). The incidence rate of AS of patients with IL-10-1082A/A genotype was significantly higher than that of patients with G/G and G/A genotype (P < 0.01). The raise of AS incidence rate was correspondent with the decline of serum IL-10 and raise of serum CRP and Fib., Conclusion: The IL-10A/A genotype is a predictable factor of microinflammatory state and high AS incidence rate in ESRD patients. We use IL-10G/G genotype to modulate the high production of serum IL-10, to decline inflammatory reaction and to keep away from microinflammation and AS in ESRD patients. We should work hard on improving the dialysis membrane to reduce the anti-inflammatory factors in uremia for chronic renal failure patients with high arteriosclerosis risk.