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Background High-quality mental health services can improve outcomes for people with mental health problems and abate the burden of mental disorders. We sought to identify the challenges the country’s mental health system currently faces and the human resource situation related to psychological services and to provide recommendations on how the mental health workforce situation could be addressed in China. Methods This study used a cross-sectional survey design. A web-based questionnaire approach and a convenience sampling method were adopted. It was carried out from September 2020 to January 2021 in China, and we finally included 3824 participants in the analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis of the characteristics of the study sample was performed. The risk factors for competence in psychological counseling/psychotherapy were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results Workforce related to psychotherapy is scarce in China, especially in Western China and community mental health sectors. Psychiatrists (39.1%) and nurses (38.9%) were the main service providers of psychotherapy in psychiatric hospitals, and clinical psychologists (6.9%) and counsellors (5.0%) were seriously scarce in mental health care sectors. A total of 74.2% of respondents had no systematic psychological training, and 68.4 and 69.2% of them had no self-experience and professional supervision, respectively. Compared with clinical psychologists and counselors, psychiatrists and nurses had less training. Systematic psychological training (β = − 0.88), self-experience (β = − 0.59) and professional supervision (β = − 1.26) significantly influenced psychotherapy capacity (P Conclusions Sustained effort will be required to provide a high-quality, equitably distributed psychotherapy workforce in China, despite challenges for community mental health sectors and western China being likely to continue for some time. Because mental illness is implicated in so many burgeoning social ills, addressing this shortfall could have wide-ranging benefits.

This study investigated a conceptual model by testing how parental romantic relationships influenced the depressive symptoms of grown-up children and whether the constructive communication patterns of grown-up children and romantic relationships played mediation effects within it. A total of 421 Chinese participants were enrolled in the study. The level of depressive symptoms, romantic relationship satisfaction and closeness, couple communication patterns, and parental romantic relationships were measured via self-report questionnaires. According to the results, the structural equation modeling analysis verified that the severity of participants’ depressive symptoms was negatively associated with the parental romantic relationship and that the association was mediated by participants’ constructive communication patterns and their own romantic relationships. Furthermore, compared with nondepressed participants, depressed participants were less satisfied with their parental romantic relationships, exhibited fewer constructive communication patterns, and were more distant and unsatisfied with current romantic relationships.

Large-scale silver nanoparticles with fine dispersion and narrow size distribution were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride and sodium citrate and using poly (vinylpyrrolidone) as an adsorption agent in the ethanol solution. The sintering behavior and electrical properties of silver nanoparticles treated with and without glutaric acid were studied. Morphology studies showed that the treated silver nanoparticles obviously agglomerated and began to sinter at 200 °C and the sintering temperature is higher at least 50 degrees than that of the untreated silver nanoparticles The treated silver nanoparticles as fillers of electronically conductive adhesives (ECAs) is more advantageous to the increase of the conductivity. Otherwise, only in the conditions of the appropriate sintering temperature and loading of silver nanoparticles, the high conductivity of the ECAs was obtained. The effect of the treated silver nanoparticles on the electrical properties contributes to the surface activation and sintering behavior.Keywords: Silver nanoparticle, Sintering Behavior, Surface treatment, Electrical property

In this paper, silver nanostructures were synthesized via a solvothermal method by reducing silver nitrate with ethylene glycol in the presence of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) and using NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, NaOH, NaBr and Na2S as reaction inhibitor, respectively. Characteristics of the as-prepared silver nanostructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum. It is found that the mixture of nanoparticles and nanorods and nanowires can be observed in the AlCl3and NaOH systems, the nanorods as main products can be obtained in the MgCl2and NaCl and Fe2(SO4)3systems, the large scale silver nanowires as main products can be obtained in the FeCl3and Na2S systems, especially in the Na2S system, silver nanowires are very long and curved. The results indicated the reasons of the effect of the reaction inhibitors on the morphologies of silver nanostructures depend on the solubility product constant of silver salt which formed with silver ion and inhibitor anion ion in the initial stage and the properties of metal cationic ion of inhibitor. The smaller solubility product constant of silver salt or the presence of Fe3+or low valence metal iongreatly facilitate the formation of one-dimensional silver nanostructures, especially to nanowires.

In this article, the authors studied the effect of Cl− on the fluorescence of methyl orange solution containing silver nanoparticles by UV–visible absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that there is little change in the UV–visible absorption spectra of methyl orange after adding Cl− into the mixed solutions of the methyl orange and silver colloid. With the increase in Cl− content, the fluorescence of S1→S0 decreases first and then increases, and the fluorescence of S2→S0 increases, which almost has nothing to do with the pH value of methyl orange solution. The fluorescence enhancement ratio of S1→S0 in the solution of pH = 6.1 was higher than that in the solution of pH = 2.1. The authors discussed the mechanism of the effect of Cl− on the fluorescence of methyl orange solution containing silver nanoparticles in terms of interaction and energy transfer. The results indicated that the effect of Cl− on the fluorescence of methyl orange solution containing silver nanoparticles depends on the bridge role and the competitive adsorption between nanoparticles and methyl orange molecules, molecular adsorption mode, and so on.

The chemical investigation of whole plants Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss from China led to the isolation of one new ent-kaurane diterpene, ent-Kaurane-16β,17,19-triol-3-one (1), along with three known ent-kaurane diterpenoids (2–4) as ent-Kaurane-3α,16β,17-triol (2)，ent-16S,17-dihydroxy-kaurane-3-one (3) and ent-3S,16S,17-trihydroxy-kaurane-2-one (4). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and by comparison with the literature. Compound 2 was a new natural product and firstly isolated from nature, while compounds (3–4) were isolated from E. stracheyi for the first time. All isolated compounds (1–4) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines (including A-549, SMMC-7721, HL-60, MCF-7 and SW-480).

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical method using citricacid trisodiumsalt (Ag-CTS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag-PVP) as surface modifiers, respectively. When Ag-CTS or Ag-PVP nanoparticles were added into methyl orange (MO) solution, the enhanced-fluorescence of S1--S0 and quenched-fluorescence of S2--S0 were simultaneously observed. However, for the solution containing Ag-PVP, the red-shift of fluorescence peak of S1--S0 was observed and the extents of the enhanced-fluorescence of S1--S0 and quenched-fluorescence of S2--S) are higher than those of the solution containing Ag-CTS. With the increase in reaction time the fluorescence intensity of S1--S0 increased gradually in the solution containing Ag-CTS nanoparticles and no change was observed in the solution containing Ag-PVP nanoparticles. The lower the MO concentration, the higher the fluorescence intensity ratio of S1--S0. The results indicated that the silver nanoparticles with different surface modifiers affect the metal-enhanced fluorescence by impacting the distance between the methyl orange and silver nanoparticles. The size of silver nanoparticles affects the metal-enhanced fluorescence due to the difference in the surface plasma resonance properties.