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In this study, radiation absorbed dose of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in critical organs was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. Ten child patients with genitourinary abnormalities were imaged using a series of planar, SPECT and MRI, after injection with 99mTc-DMSA. Patient-specific organ segmentation was performed on MRI and used as input in GATE. Organs with substantial uptake included kidneys, bladder and liver. The mean organ absorbed dose coefficients (mGy/MBq) were 0.063, 0.058, 0.018, 0.016, 0.013 and 0.010 for the right kidney, left kidney, bones, urinary bladder wall, liver and gonads, respectively. The absorbed dose coefficients in the remainder of the body was 0.012 mGy/MBq. The authors implemented an image-based Monte Carlo method for patient-specific 3D absorbed dose calculation. This study also demonstrates the possibility to obtain patient-specific attenuation map from MRI to be used for the simulations of radiation transport and energy deposition in phantom using Monte Carlo methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patellar instability is a multifactorial common knee pathology that has a high recurrence rate, and the symptoms continue and ultimately predispose the patient to chondromalacia and osteoarthritis. Tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TTTG) is very important in the assessment of patellofemoral joint instability. The purpose of this study was to report the normal value of TTTG in males and females in different age groups and to assess the reliability of MRI in measuring TTTG. All patients presenting with knee pain and normal examinations of the knee joint, with a normal MRI report, referring to Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd, Iran, from April 2014 to September 2014, were included in the study. MR images were studied once by two radiologists and for the second time by one radiologist. Mean value of TTTG was reported for males and females and in three age groups. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was calculated. A total of 98 patients were eligible to evaluate during 6 months (68 male and 30 female). Mean TTTG was 10.9±2.5 mm in total, which was 10.8±2.8 mm and 11.3±2.3 mm in males and females, respectively (P>0.05). Mean TTTG in males ≤30 years, 30-50 years and, ≥51-year-old were 10.8±2.6 mm, 10.8±2.7 mm, and 10.8±2.6 mm, respectively; that was 12.1±3.4 mm, 11.4±1.9 mm, and 10.5±1.7 mm in females ≤30 years, 31-50 years and, ≥51-year-old, respectively (95% CI). The coefficient of variation was <10% for both intraand interobserver analysis. The results of the present study showed no significant difference in TTTG value between males and females in different age groups. In addition, it demonstrated that MRI is a reliable method in assessment of TTTG and identified normal value for TTTG at 10.9±2.5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In an ideal parallel-hole collimator, thickness of septal material should be sufficient to stop more than 95% of incident photons. However, some photons pass the septa without interaction or experience scattering before they reach the detector. In this study, we determined different contribution of collimator responses consist of geometrical response, septal penetration (SP) and scattering (SC) for low, medium and high energy collimators. Methods: A point source of activity with common energies in diagnostic nuclear medicine and three different collimators were simulated using SIMIND Monte Carlo code. Results: For Low Energy High Resolution (LEHR) collimator, SP was increased from 7% in 140 keV to 30% in 167keV and more than 75% in energies higher than 296keV. SC also was increased from 4% in 98keV to more than 15% in energies higher than 167keV and reached to its maximum (26%) in 296keV. For Medium Energy All Purpose (MEAP) collimator, SP was suddenly increased from 6% in 186keV to 28% for 296keV and more than 50% for higher energies. SC was also increased from 4% in energies below 186keV to 15% in 296keV and about 30% for higher energies. For High Energy (HE) collimator, SP was about 20% for 364keV photons. SC was 15% for 364keV photons and only 65% of photons were geometrically collimated. Conclusion: Our results showed that even by using nominally suitable collimators, there are considerable SC and SP that influence the quantitative accuracy of planar and SPECT images. The magnitude of geometrical response, SC and SP depend on collimator geometric structure and photons energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Suitable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques from conventional to new devices can help physicians in diagnosis and follow up of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. The aim of present research was to compare effectiveness of Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequence of conventional MRI and Diffuse Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequence as a new technique in detection of brain MS plaques. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this analytic cross sectional study, sample size was assessed as 40 people to detect any significant difference between two sequences with a level of 0.05. DWI and FLAIR sequences of without contrast brain MRI of consecutive MS patients referred to MRI center of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from January to May 2012, were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-two females and 8 males with mean age of 35.20±9.80 yr (range = 11-66 yr) were evaluated and finally 340 plaques including 127(37.2%) in T2WI, 127(37.2%) in FLAIR, 63(18.5%) in DWI and 24(7.1%) in T1WI were detected. FLAIR sequence was more efficient than DWI in detection of brain MS plaques, oval, round, amorphous plaque shapes, frontal and occipital lobes, periventricular, intracapsular, corpus callosum, centrum semiovale, subcortical, basal ganglia plaques and diameter of detected MS plaques in DWI sequence was smaller than in FLAIR. CONCLUSION: Old lesion can be detected by conventional MRI and new techniques might be more useful in early inflammatory phase of MS and assessment of experimental treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate maker of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is assessment of relationship between CIMT and infra-renal abdominal aorta diameter in women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: The current case-control study was conducted in department of radiology of Shahid Sadoghi hospital in Yazd medical science university 2012 to 2013. Forty women between 20-40 years old with at least 6 months after pregnancy were enrolled, 20 participants with GDM in last pregnancy and 20 participants without history of GDM. All participants underwent physical exam and laboratory findings. Finally Carotid intima-media thickness and infra abdominal aorta diameter were obtained. Results: over all comparison between GDM and non GDM groups revealed no significant difference in mean CIMT and infra-renal abdominal aorta diameter. FBS between two groups reveal significant statistically difference (P-value<0.05). Also Pearson correlation analysis shows association between infera-renal abdominal aorta diameter and cholesterol and LDL in non GDM participate. Conclusion: Our study suggested GDM may not relate to CIMT and infera-renal abdominal aorta diameter. Also current study revealed women with history of GDM are prone to having impaired fasting glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CAD) screening in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus is controversial. An exercise stress test is a safe and effective initial testing for Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) screening. Treadmill stress test is not the best screening method for a particular patient who is not able to exercise, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) or positive exercise treadmill test (ETT) and other anatomical or functional studies are recommended to evaluate for the myocardial ischemia. This concept is supported by the high rate prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia, CAD and cardiovascular events rate. Coronary angiography is an expensive and invasive test which is considered as gold standard for diagnosis obstructive CAD and not be used for screening. In this review article we discussed about anatomical modalities (Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS)) and nuclear imaging (SPECT) for evaluation of silent ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scaphoid fractures are the most common type of carpal fractures. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic value of panoramic and conventional radiographs of the wrist in scaphoid fractures. Patients and Methods: The panoramic and conventional radiographs of 122 patients with acute and chronic wrist trauma were studied. The radiographs were analyzed and examined by two independent radiologist observers; one physician radiologist and one maxillofacial radiologist. The final diagnosis was made by an orthopedic specialist. Kappa test was used for statistical calculations, inter- and intra-observer agreement and correlation between the two techniques. Results: Wrist panoramic radiography was more accurate than conventional radiography for ruling out scaphoid fractures. There was an agreement in 85% or more of the cases. Agreement values were higher with better inter and intra observer agreement for panoramic examinations than conventional radiographic examinations. Conclusion: The panoramic examination of the wrist is a useful technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of scaphoid fractures. Its use is recommended as a complement to conventional radiography in cases with inconclusive findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endometrial cavity is frequently studied because of abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, infertility, pregnancy complications, and suspect cases of endometrial cancer. Abnormal uterine bleeding dedicates one third of women's referral to gynecologic specialists. Transvaginal Ultrasonography is one of the diagnostic modalities of endometrial examination. The aim of this study is to compare the endometrial transvaginal ultrasonography with histopathology as a golden standard in patients complaining abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This descriptive-analytical retrospective study was held on of 225 patients complaining abnormal uterine-bleeding who had transvaginal ultrasonography and definite histopathological reports admitted in Shahid Sadooghi, Goodarz, and Mojibian hospitals of Yazd, Iran in the years 2006-2007. Transvaginal ultrasonography and histopathology results of the questionnaire were recorded separately. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of transvaginal ultrasonography technique for diagnosis of abnormal endometrium, retained product of conception, subendometrial leiomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyp, and endometrial cancer were calculated by SPSS software version 11. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of transvaginal ultrasonography are 100%, 29.6%, 81.8%, 100% in diagnosing abnormal endometrium, 100%, 86.7%, 51% and 100% in diagnosing retained product of conception, 100%, 87.5%, 58.6%, and 100% in diagnosing subendometrial leiomyoma, 89%, 100%, 100%, and 96.6% in diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia, 44.5%, 100%, 100%, and 90.4% in diagnosing endometrial polyp, and 33.3%, 99.5%, 50%, and 99.1% in diagnosing endometrial cancer respectively. Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasonography has enough sensitivity for diagnosis of abnormal endometrium, subendometrial leiomyoma, and retained product of conception, and also has enough specificity for rejecting endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The advent of computed tomography (CT) scan revolutionized the diagnostic evaluation of neurologic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate brain CT results of epileptic children.Materials & Methods In a descriptive cross-sectional study, noncontrast brain CT scan of 150 consecutive 1-18 year old epileptic children whom were referred to pediatric neurology clinic of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, from May 2008 to October 2010 in Yazd-Iran, evaluated. Results Sixty two girls and 88 boys with mean age of 6.6 ± 4.3 years were evaluated.In 38 (25.3 %) children, seizure onset age was under one year and 38 others had abnormal mental / developmental status. Fifty three children (35.3 %) and 97 (64.7%) had partial and generalized seizures, respectively. Partial seizures were more prevalent in children with seizure onset in < 1 year [41.5% (22/53) vs. 16.5% (16/97)] Result of CT was normal in 74 % (n=111). Among the patients with abnormal results, 18(46%) had brain atrophy, 10 (25.6%) structural CNS dysgenesia, six (15.4%) intracranial calcification, three (7.8%) hydrocephaly and two had (5.2%) brain tumor. Abnormal brain CT was more prevalent in patients with seizure onset in less than one year of age [60.5% (23 of 38) vs. 14.3% (16 of 112), p = 0.003], partial epilepsy [51% (27 of 53) vs. 12% (12/97)], and abnormal developmental status [ 81.5% (31 of 38) vs.7% (8 of 112]. Mean age of seizure onset in epileptic children with abnormal brain CT scan was less (M ± SD:1/17 ± 0.6 years versus 4.02±1.9 years). Conclusion Brain CT scan might be considered in evaluation of epileptic children with partial seizures, seizure onset in less than one year of age or neurodevelopmental delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy is a major diabetes complication. Arterial resistance index (RI) may predict deterioration in kidney function. This study was designed to compare renal arterial RI in different stages of renal function according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine level and proteinuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study on 81 diabetic patients in three groups (Without albuminuria, with microalbuminuria, with macroalbuminuria), pulsatile Doppler ultrasonography was performed to measure intra-renal arterial resistance index and find the association of this parameter with features of diabetic nephropathy. Data was analyzed using SPSS (ver. 16). RESULTS: Serum creatinine, GFR and proteinuria were significantly different among three groups. RI was highest in the group with macroalbuminuria and the difference among three groups was statistically significant. (P value<0.001) RI was correlated with serum creatinine, GFR and proteinuria. CONCLUSION: Higher RI correlates with higher proteinuria in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract- Urinary tract infections are common in children. The available gold standard method for diagnosis, Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scan is expensive and exposes patients to considerable amount of radiation. This study was performed to compare and assess the efficacy of Power Doppler Ultrasound versus Tc-99m DMSA scan for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. A quasi experimental study was conducted on 34 children with mean age of 2.8±2.7 years who were hospitalized with their first episode of febrile urinary tract infection. All children were evaluated in the first 3 days of admission by Doppler Ultrasound and Tc-99m DMSA scan. Patients with congenital structural anomalies were excluded. Each kidney was divided into three zones. The comparison between efficacy of Doppler Ultrasound and DMSA scan was carried out based on number of patients and on classified renal units. Based on the number of patients enrolled; the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound were 89%, 53%, 70%, 80% and 74%, respectively but based on the renal units, it was 66%, 81%, 46%, 91% and 79%, respectively. Although Doppler Ultrasound has the potential for identifying acute pyelonephritis in children, but it is still soon to replace DMSA scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infection is a common pediatric problem and vesicoureteral reflux is its most common complication. Detection of this reflux has classically been achieved by voiding cystouretrography (VCUG). Ultrasonography for evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux is shown to be feasible but is not widely accepted. Our aim was to assess the value of routine sonography in detecting vesicoureteral reflux is young children with urinary tract infection. This study was carried out in 105 patients suffering from urinary tract infection admitted to Shahid Sadughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. These patients were evaluated by two methods (sonography and VCUG). Overall sensitivity and specificity value of sonography in suggesting vesicoureteral reflux were 63% and 95% respectively. The most accurate results were obtained with high grades reflux (75% and 955). The results reconfirmed that sonography is reliable in the exclusion or verification of high grade reflux and it has a low sensitivity in low grade vesicoureteral reflux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometriosis is a multifocal gynecologic disorder during the fertility period in women. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic modality for this disease and can either be used alone or along with transvaginal ultrasonography., Objective: This study aims to compare the accuracy of pelvis MRI in pelvic deep endometriosis with laparoscopic findings in women referred to Shahid Sadoughi hospital in one year., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 women suspicious of endometriosis who referred to Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran from November 2020-2021. Based on clinical findings and history, participants were referred to the imaging center for pelvic MRI. Finally, the results of MRI and diagnostic laparoscopy were compared with pathologic findings., Results: The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for pelvic endometriosis were 94.8% and 20%, respectively. Also, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRI were 90.2% and 33.3%, respectively., Conclusion: Laparoscopy is still the gold standard of endometriosis diagnosis, but MRI with susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence is the best noninvasive diagnostic method., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Nafisi Moghadam et al.)

Introduction: Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including sudden cardiac death, especially in young people. A different prevalence has been reported based on the USED diagnostic modality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and type of these anomalies using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)., Methods: This single-center retrospective study was performed on 3016 consecutive cases who underwent CCTA for cardiac symptoms from March 2015 to August 2020 and the prevalence and types of CAAs were evaluated., Results: 38 cases (overall prevalence of 1.26%) including 21 men (55.3%) and 17 women (44.7%) were retrospectively diagnosed with CAAs. The most common anomalies were the Anomalous origin of LCX from the right coronary sinus (11 cases, 28.9%), Anomalous origin of RCA from the left coronary sinus (11 cases, 28.9%), and Anomalous origin of LM from the right coronary sinus (6 cases, 15.8%). There was no difference in the prevalence of CAAs in terms of patient's gender ( P value=0.16) and age ( P value=0.61)., Conclusion: The prevalence of CAAs among patients who underwent CCTA was 1.26%. The most common anomalies observed were the anomalous origin of the LCX arising from the right coronary sinus, the anomalous origin of the RCA arising from the left coronary sinus, and the anomalous origin of the LM arising from the right coronary sinus. These findings emphasize the importance of CCTA in detecting and characterizing coronary artery anomalies, which may have clinical implications for patient management and treatment decisions., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest for authors involved in this study., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: Incidental findings are presented in radiology reports. Many of these findings do not require further investigation; however, some require further investigation and repeated imaging. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of incidental findings on CT scans of patients with head trauma from 2005 to 2015., Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in years on 5,193 CT scan reports referred to Shahid Rahnemoun hospital in Yazd, Iran. The images were evaluated by consensus agreement of two radiologists. The relationship between age, sex and incidental findings was analyzed using the SPSS 20 software., Results: A total of 5,193 subjects with a mean age of 34.16 ± 21.17 were examined. About 64% of cases were male. The frequency of incidental findings was 10.9%. The most common finding was calcification with a frequency of 3.3% and the least was Dandy Walker finding at 0.02%. There was no relationship between age, sex and the frequency of incidental findings. No significant trend was found between IFs frequency during ten years., Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that most incidental findings were related to benign findings, but also malignant findings were diagnosed., (© 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

In this study, radiation absorbed dose of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in critical organs was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. Ten child patients with genitourinary abnormalities were imaged using a series of planar, SPECT and MRI, after injection with 99mTc-DMSA. Patient-specific organ segmentation was performed on MRI and used as input in GATE. Organs with substantial uptake included kidneys, bladder and liver. The mean organ absorbed dose coefficients (mGy/MBq) were 0.063, 0.058, 0.018, 0.016, 0.013 and 0.010 for the right kidney, left kidney, bones, urinary bladder wall, liver and gonads, respectively. The absorbed dose coefficients in the remainder of the body was 0.012 mGy/MBq. The authors implemented an image-based Monte Carlo method for patient-specific 3D absorbed dose calculation. This study also demonstrates the possibility to obtain patient-specific attenuation map from MRI to be used for the simulations of radiation transport and energy deposition in phantom using Monte Carlo methods., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: Ultrasonography (US) and parathyroid scintigraphy (PS) with 99mTc-MIBI are common methods for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas but there discrepancies exist with regard to diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the study was to compare PS and US for localization of parathyroid adenoma with a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Methods: Pub Med, Scopus (EMbase), Web of Science and the reference lists of all included studies were searched up to 1st January 2016. The search strategy was according PICO characteristics. Heterogeneity between the studies was accounted by P < 0.1. Point estimates were pooled estimate of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of SPECT and ultrasonography with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling available data. Data analysis was performed using Meta-DiSc software (version 1.4). Results: Among 188 studies and after deletion of duplicated studies (75), a total of 113 titles and abstracts were studied. From these, 12 studies were selected. The meta-analysis determined a pooled sensitivity for scintigraphy of 83% [99% confidence interval (CI) 96.358 -97.412] and for ultra-sonography of 80% [99% confidence interval (CI) 76-83]. Similar results for specificity were also obtained for both approache. Conclusion: According this meta- analysis, there were no significant differences between the two methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity. There were overlaps in 99% confidence intervals. Also features of the two methods are similar., (Creative Commons Attribution License)

Background: This study has aimed to measure the patient dose in entire spine radiography by EOS system in comparison with the digital radiography., Methods: EOS stereo-radiography was used for frontal and lateral view spine imaging in 41 patients in a prospective analytical study. A calibrated dose area product (DAP) meter was used for calibration of the DAP in EOS system. The accuracy and precision of the system was confirmed according to the acceptance testing. The same procedure was used for 18 patients referred for lumbar spine digital radiology (overall 36 images)., Results: Although radiation fields in the EOS were almost twice of that in digital radiology, and the average peak tube voltage (kV p ), current supply to the tube (mA), and the average size and age of the patients referred for EOS imaging were greater than digital radiology, however, the average DAP in EOS was 1/5 of that in digital radiology system. Also, the average dose in the EOS was about 1/20 of that in digital radiology., Conclusion: The patient dose in EOS imaging system was lower in comparison with digital radiology (1/20).

Objective: The advent of computed tomography (CT) scan revolutionized the diagnostic evaluation of neurologic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate brain CT results of epileptic children., Materials & Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, noncontrast brain CT scan of 150 consecutive 1-18 year old epileptic children whom were referred to pediatric neurology clinic of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, from May 2008 to October 2010 in Yazd-Iran, evaluated., Results: Sixty two girls and 88 boys with mean age of 6.6 ± 4.3 years were evaluated. In 38 (25.3 %) children, seizure onset age was under one year and 38 others had abnormal mental / developmental status. Fifty three children (35.3 %) and 97 (64.7%) had partial and generalized seizures, respectively. Partial seizures were more prevalent in children with seizure onset in < 1 year [41.5% (22/53) vs. 16.5% (16/97)] Result of CT was normal in 74 % (n=111). Among the patients with abnormal results, 18(46%) had brain atrophy, 10 (25.6%) structural CNS dysgenesia, six (15.4%) intracranial calcification, three (7.8%) hydrocephaly and two had (5.2%) brain tumor. Abnormal brain CT was more prevalent in patients with seizure onset in less than one year of age [60.5% (23 of 38) vs. 14.3% (16 of 112), p = 0.003], partial epilepsy [51% (27 of 53) vs. 12% (12/97)], and abnormal developmental status [ 81.5% (31 of 38) vs.7% (8 of 112]. Mean age of seizure onset in epileptic children with abnormal brain CT scan was less (M ± SD:1/17 ± 0.6 years versus 4.02±1.9 years)., Conclusion: Brain CT scan might be considered in evaluation of epileptic children with partial seizures, seizure onset in less than one year of age or neurodevelopmental delay.

According to its superficial anatomical location, the thyroid gland is easily accessible by sonography. Sonography allows an exact documentation of the size and thyroid volume. The relationship between thyroid volume and anthropometric characteristics is a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid volume and its determinants in healthy adult. A cross-sectional study was performed from June2003 until April 2005 in 314 healthy adults aged over 18 years old in Yazd, Iran. Data were collected on age, sex, and weight and thyroid size by sonography. Mean of thyroid volume in male and female was 9.08 ± 2.49 and 7.93 ± 3.2 milliliter which the differences was significant (P<0.003).Differences between thyroid volume and weight was significant (P=0.001). Mean of female weight and proportion of thyroid volume to their weight was 61.83 ± 12.09kg and 0.130 ± 0.33. Mean of male weight and proportion of thyroid volume to their weight was 71.41 ± 9.05kg and 0.126 ± 0.028 (P<0.003). Results of study is similar to other studies .Mean of thyroid volume in Yazd citizens is not differ from other Iranian but is different from other countries. This difference could be related to food intake habit, geographical region and daily oral iodine consumption.