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Purpose: This study assessed the marketability and suitability of compost produced from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Method: Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to assess the heavy metal analysis of the compost material, such as Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) methods were used to estimate the compost's spectral properties. The study also aimed to evaluate the qualitative nature of the compost by using Fertilizer control order (FCO) standards. Results: On the 60th day of sampling, the Raipur city compost sample had a Fertility Index (FI) of 3.6 and a Clean Index (CI) of 4.0, respectively. Compost is categorized as class C, which means it represents good quality, has a high potential for fertility, and has medium-heavy metals. From the comparison, the Delhi compost sample was unsuitable for its intended purpose. Ahmadabad and Bangalore compost samples were suitable for use as green compost. Due to their low fertilising potential, Solan region compost samples cannot be used as fertilizer. Mandi region produced high-quality compost samples with low concentrations of heavy metals and moderate potential for fertilizer. Conclusions: Compost from Raipur MSW is a good choice for fertilizer because of its high potential for fertilization; heavy metal concentrations are moderate compared with FCO guidelines. The study finds that aerobic composting is a successful waste management technique that can lower the amount of organic waste dumped in landfills. Research Highlights • Evaluation of Aerobic Compost from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): The study presents a comprehensive analysis of aerobic compost derived from MSW in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India, focusing on physico-chemical, heavy metal, and spectral properties. • Assessment of Suitability for Various Applications: The study's purpose is to evaluate the compost's suitability for applications such as agricultural use, landscaping, organic farming, and soil improvement. • Comprehensive investigation Methods: The compost's properties were meticulously investigated using a range of advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which provided a detailed and robust understanding of its composition. • Comparison with Other Indian Cities: The physico-chemical and heavy metal concentration properties of the compost from Raipur were compared with those from different Indian cities, offering insights into regional variations in compost quality. • Potential for Waste Management: The study highlights the potential of aerobic composting as a useful technique for waste management, emphasizing its role in reducing the amount of organic waste dumped at landfills, thus contributing to environmental sustainability.

Sieve analysis tests are frequently used to determine the grain size distribution of granular materials. This project proposes an ImageJbased image analysis approach for evaluating aggregate particle size distribution. Grain size in image analysis should be estimated to compare the graduation curves between the two methods.. Black sheets were more effective than white sheets for particle placement, perhaps due to light effects. This technology may be utilized for in-suit testing, as it requires a camera and computer. The study used monochromatic light and a highdefinition camera to capture grain photos while controlling for background, light direction, and intensity. A ground truth was established to evaluate errors in determining grain areas. All grain shape parameters are obtained using the ImageJ program. The grain size distribution curve is generated using image analysis.

Abstract Although microRNA-7 (miRNA-7) is known to regulate proliferation of cancer cells by targeting Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB) family, less is known about its role in cardiac physiology. Transgenic (Tg) mouse with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of miRNA-7 was generated to determine its role in cardiac physiology and pathology. Echocardiography on the miRNA-7 Tg mice showed cardiac dilation instead of age-associated physiological cardiac hypertrophy observed in non-Tg control mice. Subjecting miRNA-7 Tg mice to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) resulted in cardiac dilation associated with increased fibrosis bypassing the adaptive cardiac hypertrophic response to TAC. miRNA-7 expression in cardiomyocytes resulted in significant loss of ERBB2 expression with no changes in ERBB1 (EGFR). Cardiac proteomics in the miRNA-7 Tg mice showed significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane structural proteins compared to NTg reflecting role of miRNA-7 beyond the regulation of EGFR/ERRB in mediating cardiac dilation. Consistently, electron microscopy showed that miRNA-7 Tg hearts had disorganized rounded mitochondria that was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings show that expression of miRNA-7 in the cardiomyocytes results in cardiac dilation instead of adaptive hypertrophic response during aging or to TAC providing insights on yet to be understood role of miRNA-7 in cardiac function.

Introduction: The history of spinal anesthetic begins in 1898, when Professor August Karl Gustav Bier successfully administered it to his friend Hildebrandt. This signaled the start of its application in medicine. Technological developments in anesthesia and surgery have contributed to the growth of day care surgery in recent decades1. Rapid anesthetic onset and offset, efficient postoperative pain management, and an early return of bladder control and mobility--all while minimizing side effects--are the optimal outcomes1. Despite the previous preference for general anesthesia with short-acting drugs, regional anesthesia--especially spinal anesthesia--has become the preferred technique due to its benefits. Material And Method: The present study was conducted in the Government General Hospital, Nizamabad, Telangana, India. A randomized study was conducted on 100 patients belonging to ASA grade I & II of either sex and ages between 25-50 years posted for different perianal surgeries. After clearance of the Institutional Ethical Committee and written informed consent, 100 selected patients were divided randomly into two groups of 50 each based on a computer-generated randomization table. A detailed pre-anesthetic evaluation including history, thorough general and systemic examination, and all relevant investigations were done. Result: The study was conducted at a single center, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to a broader population. The sample size of 100 patients may not be sufficient to detect small differences between the two groups, potentially limiting the statistical power of the study. The examiner was not blinded to the type of treatment, which could introduce bias in the assessment of outcomes. The study duration of 12 months may not capture long-term outcomes or complications associated with the interventions. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study comparing Hyperbaric Ropivacaine to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for peri-anal surgeries in ASA grade I and II patients revealed significant differences between the two groups. The intra-thecal 0.75% Hyperbaric Ropivacaine has provided clinically effective surgical anaesthesia for perianal surgeries with rapid return of motor function [101.8 mins vs 147.2 mins], less hemodynamic alterations and better safety profile when compared to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that microbes resident in the human intestine represent a key environmental factor contributing to obesity-associated disorders. Here, we demonstrate that the gut microbiota-initiated trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-generating pathway is linked to obesity and energy metabolism. In multiple clinical cohorts, systemic levels of TMAO were observed to strongly associate with type 2 diabetes. In addition, circulating TMAO levels were associated with obesity traits in the different inbred strains represented in the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel. Further, antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown or genetic deletion of the TMAO-producing enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) conferred protection against obesity in mice. Complimentary mouse and human studies indicate a negative regulatory role for FMO3 in the beiging of white adipose tissue. Collectively, our studies reveal a link between the TMAO-producing enzyme FMO3 and obesity and the beiging of white adipose tissue. : Microbes resident in the human intestine represent a key transmissible environmental factor contributing to obesity and related disorders. Schugar et al. now show that expression of the TMAO-producing enzyme FMO3 is linked to obesity and energy expenditure in both mice and humans. Keywords: microbiota, nutrition, obesity, diabetes, adipose, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, FMO3

The Akt pathway integrates multiple signals, but whether it affects vasculature function is debatable. Here the authors show that Akt pathway shutdown in adult mouse endothelium causes destabilization of vasculature leading to cardiac and retinal dysfunction, due to decreased levels of Jagged1 and impaired Notch signaling.