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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is built with miniature sensor nodes (SN) which are deployed into the geographical location being sensed to monitor environmental condition which transfer the sensed physical information to the base station for further processing. The sensor nodes frequently experience node failure as a result of their hostile deployment and resource limitations. In WSN, node failure can cause a number of issues, namely Wireless Sensor Networks topology changes, broken communications links, disconnected portions of the network, and data transmission errors. An important concern of WSN is the detecting, diagnosing and recovering of sensor node failures. In the course of this effort, an effective strategy for sensor node failure detection algorithm using Poisson Hidden Markov Model (PHMM) and the Fuzzy based Chicken Swarm Optimization (F-CSO) is proposed for efficient detection of sensor nodes fault in the WSN. The proposed work offers optimal false alarm, false positive, energy consumption, detection accuracy, network lifetime, and least delay rates. Moreover, the F-CSO provides improved localization to locate the defective sensor nodes which are present in the WSN. The proposed work is implemented in the NS2 simulator with realistic simulation parameters and the simulation result demonstrate that the proposed work is more effective in terms of false alarm rate, false positive rate, detection accuracy, delay, energy consumption and network lifetime when it is compared with other existing state of art systems.

Project “SaptaRishi” was initiated by the National Centre for Geodesy (NCG), IIT Kanpur to set up the modern space geodetic infrastructure in the country. This project primarily focuses on the establishment of the Indian Geodetic VLBI network, and is currently with the national funding agency and has not yet been approved. Thus, the purpose of this work is to demonstrate the benefits of the project plan to the national and international scientific communities. The project proposes to establish three VLBI stations along with a correlator at one facility. In this work, we looked at how adding proposed VLBI antennas to India affected the global terrestrial reference frame by showing Helmert transformation parameters, u-v coverage of radio sources, and the ability to track NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) satellites. Three 24-hour sessions, IVS-R1, IVS-VGOS, and IVS-AOV, were studied to examine the change in Helmert parameters between the terrestrial reference frames caused by the addition of the proposed VLBI antennas. Furthermore, the u-v coverage of some radio sources from the southern hemisphere in observing networks with and without the proposed antennas was compared. The proposed VLBI stations were also scheduled and simulated to observe the NAVIC satellites along with quasars to assess their potential contribution to the Indian Navigation system. As a result, this work helps to establish that the development of the geodetic VLBI infrastructure in India will improve the necessary information for Earth observation missions, location-based applications, and the realization of terrestrial and celestial reference frames with international collaboration., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Mangroves are spatially limited bioresources known for their potential pharmacological uses. The genus Rhizophora is a conspicuous one reported to have enormous biopotentials in treating inflammation, diabetes, and rheumatism. However, mangroves are recently experiencing severe threats due to the over-exploitation of valuable tannin resources, climate change, and other anthropogenic pressures. R × annamalayana, a natural hybrid in Pichavaram, is rare in its distribution and a source of bioactive compounds with anticancer properties. The pure nature of the hybrid makes it more vulnerable to extinction. Therefore, domestication, conservation, and sustainable use of valuable resources are needed on a date. Poor genetic structure in mangroves is reported to be one of the reasons for extinction. Hence, understanding the population genetic structure of the genus is of paramount importance. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand the population genetic structure of the Rhizophora species complex in Pichavaram with the following objectives, to carry out the molecular characterization of the putative hybrid and to examine the phylogenetic relationship to its parental species using microsatellite markers. The study identified that putative hybrid R. × annamalayana (mean HE = 0.592) has more significant variability than the putative parents R. apiculata (mean HE 0.611) and R. mucronata (mean HE = 0.667). The negative inbreeding coefficient value or Wright’s Index in R. × annamalayana (- 0.190) suggests ample variation among the putative hybrids. The putative hybrid is genetically more proximal to R. apiculata than R. mucronate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that ten samples out of fifteen were clustered with R. mucronata, and the rest five grouped with R. apiculata indicating the varying paternal and maternal combinations.

It is essential for water providers and the urban water supply industries have to understand how water is used in residential settings. The project Artificial Intelligence Based Smart Water Management System discusses the innovative Information and Communications Technology (ICT) approaches to practice the tapped water-saving habit in house. At the domestic level, this is attained by the expansion of a decision provision method to provide good awareness among the family members about their daily water consumption in a significant way and do assessment and promote water consumption reduction. The proposed AI system will control and monitor the flow of water from overhead tank to various utility areas like Kitchen, Bathroom, and Dress Wash and also for Garden in House. The water distribution is controlled by Smart Water Distributor which distributes the water at different locations of the house based on its need. Using Deep Belief Network technique of AI, the threshold level of each location is compared with the current flow level of the sensor. These flow control sensors will update the flow periodically to the intelligent monitor system. The intelligent monitor system will analyze the sensor data with the current water limit of each distribution as well as the data from the water level sensor of the underground tank. Similarly, the high-rate pressure sensor will periodically update the pressure over the pipe. Based on the variation ratio of water availability Vs Demand ratio and reduction in pressure level, the Intelligent Monitoring system will alarm the house holders about the shortage and leakage of water. By the way the proposed system will regulate the usage of water and avoids the wastage of water through leakage. This will also help the society and the government bodies to resolve the problem of water demand.

Now a days the security dangers in the online ex-changes, ATM money withdrawals’ have expanded on a substan-tial scale. Individuals in the country zone are as yet ignorant of these dangers are as yet encountering many loses. Individuals unconscious of these dangers don't perceive that sharing their ATM PIN number, yet additionally sharing their credit/debit card number and CCV can likewise prompt the getting to of financial balance without their insight. In this way, in this proposed framework it is said that the credit/debit card number and CCV are being supplanted with dynamically produced QR codes. This QR code that is created can't be reproduced or hacked as effec-tively as the current framework. In the present framework OTP is sent to authenticate our transactions. This OTP is additionally added with Bio-metric confirmation like unique finger-print, iris information. This provides an additionally improved verification amid all the ATM exchanges. The execution on the above framework is basic as all the financial accounts are now linked with Aadhar card. And this can be implementing the QR code scanner alongside unique finger-print scanner and iris scanner in later stages. This never enables the unapproved clients to access or make any installments without the respective of the account holders. This expands the security level and furthermore enables the client to the exchange cash all the more securely. The pro-posed framework improves the security in the exchanges in our everyday life as no ATM withdrawal or Deposit should be possi-ble without the QR code and the Account holder themselves.