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Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc phosphate (ZnP) cement, glass ionomer cement (GIC), and nano-integrated bio-ceramic (NIB) cement on mineralization when placed in contact with bone tissue-forming cells. Materials and Methods: ZnP cement, GIC, and NIB cement were divided into direct and indirect groups. A total of 72 cement pellets (24 pellets of each test sample) of 3 × 1 mm (width × height) were prepared using polytetrafluoroethylene molds. A total of 3 sample groups were demarcated using 96- cell well culture plates. In the control group, 24 wells were filled with mineralized osteoblasts and 1 µL of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). In test group 1, to show a direct effect, 36 samples were plated with mineralized osteoblasts and 1 µL GCF for 24 h; the cells were directly exposed to cement pellets. A total of 36 samples were immersed in GCF for 24 h; later the supernatant was transferred to the mineralized osteoblasts to demonstrate an indirect effect in test group 2. To assess the mineralization, osteoblasts were stained with alizarin red and later observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. An independent t-test compared the direct and indirect effects of the ZnP cement, GIC, NIB cement, and control groups on the mineralization of osteoblasts derived from hDPCs. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the ZnP cement, GIC, and NIB cement groups (p < 0.05). ZnP cement exhibited a moderate, NIB cement the least harmful effect, and GIC showed the most harmful effect on the mineralization of osteoblast cells. Conclusions: The biocompatibility of dental luting cements is an important aspect that clinicians should consider during their selection. Nano-integrated bio-ceramic cement showed the least negative effect on the mineralization of osteoblast cells which is beneficial for the cementation of cement-retained implant prostheses. However, further studies are needed to evaluate osteoblast and osteoclast activity in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To digitally evaluate the marginal adaptation of different types of all‐ceramic crowns on two different marginal configurations such as Shoulder and Chamfer of the prepared teeth. Methods: The marginal fit of the crown specimens on the model of the prepared teeth were assessed using the dual scan replica technique. Two plastic teeth were prepared; one having a Shoulder finishing line (A), while the other with a Chamfer finish line (B). Three types of different all‐ceramic crowns, layered zirconia, monolithic zirconia, and pressed lithium disilicate, were fabricated for each prepared tooth (A) and (B). Measurements for assessing the marginal discrepancy were done on four designated points on the mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal surface of the superimposed image. Results: The average marginal gap was the largest in the layered zirconia group, followed by monolithic zirconia, while pressed lithium disilicate crowns showed the least marginal gaps. Crowns with Chamfer finish lines were better fitting (less marginal gap) than the shoulder finish lines across all the groups. Conclusions: Chamfer finish lines produced better fitting restorations, and heat‐pressed lithium disilicate crowns showed better adaptation at the margins than both layered zirconia and monolithic zirconia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the prevalence of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis (SOS) and sella turcica morphometry (STM) association with different phenotype factors related to ectopic eye tooth/teeth (EET) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Methods: This comparative retrospective study analyzed 252 CBCT images. Subjects in the EET group consisted of 197 CBCT images with the phenotype factor in number, i.e., unilateral (13, n = 62; 23, n = 59) or bilateral (1323, n = 76) and matched control (n = 55). SOS and STM were investigated using 3D OnDemand Software. Seven parameters of STM were measured. To test the association X2 used for SOS prevalence, disparities in STM were tested using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: The prevalence of unfused SOS was 48.4% and 16.1% in the 1323 and control groups, respectively. Fused SOS prevalence was quite similar in all four groups. Phenotype factor in number, i.e., unilateral 13, 23, or bilateral EET group showed significant disparities in six out of seven parameters (p = 0.044 to p ≥ 0.001). Additionally, phenotype factor in position, i.e., occlusal, buccal, or palatal group showed insignificant disparities (p = 0.463 to p = 1.00). Conclusion: SOS in the ectopic eye tooth group (EETG) was prevalent in the 1323 and buccal position groups. Differing from previous two-dimensional (2D) studies, there were statistically significant disparities in all seven measured variables of STM among control, and three different phenotype factors in numbers were revealed using three-dimensional (3D) CBCT imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The inaccuracies in clinical examination have been well-documented while advanced imaging modalities including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been shown to have superior diagnostic accuracy in detecting occult and nodal metastasis. The aim of the present study was to identify as well as evaluate the inaccuracies in clinical examination and of clinical diagnostic criteria in known cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) with the help of MRI. Methodology: A total of 24 patients attending as outpatients were included in the study while clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven cases of OSCC were examined clinically and then, subjected to advanced imaging with the help of MRI. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) while paired t-test was performed for evaluating size of tumor and lymph node recorded on clinical and imaging findings. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Detection of tumor size and lymph node metastasis were found to be higher in case of MRI than when accomplished by clinical staging alone while paired t-test values for difference in results were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The present study showed that clinical diagnostic criteria alone were not sufficient and reliable for detecting metastatic lymphadenopathy highlighting the significance of advanced imaging modalities like MRI for an efficient pre-operative diagnostic work-up as well as, as a tool for planning treatment in patients with OSCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) or Bloch--Sulzberger syndrome is a rare X-linked disorder that involves ectodermal tissues. Disease mainly affects the skin, eyes, hair, and central nervous system. Oral involvement is characterized by hypodontia of deciduous and permanent teeth. Case presentation: We are reporting a very rare case of IP in an 11 year old boy having hyperpigmented lesions on head, neck and trunk. Intraoral examination revealed partially erupted tooth, multiple missing teeth and crowding of lower anterior teeth. Management and prognosis: The patient was later referred to department of pedodontia for full mouth rehabilitation. Conclusion: The information from this case report increase awareness among health care providers like general dentist, oral physicians, pediatricians and dermatologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological study of palatal rugae pattern in a central Indian population and to determine sex differentiation. Objectives: To investigate the distinctive rugae patterns of the study population and determine the contribution of rugae patterns in gender identification. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among a Central Indian population with a sample size of 500 participants. The study involved 250 males and 250 females who were randomly selected from the outpatient department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. After collection of impression, casts were made and analyzed to evaluate the palatal rugae pattern in a central Indian population by using Thomas and Kotze classification (1983) for number, shape, direction, and unification of palatal rugae pattern. The statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square (χ²) tests for categorical variables. Result: Males showed more number of rugae than females [P = 0.00 (≤0.001)]. Males had more number of wavy rugae pattern whereas females showed more number of straight rugae patterns [P = 0.00 (≤0.001)]. Males showed more backwardly directed rugae whereas females showed more forwardly directed rugae [P = 0.00 (≤0.001)]. The unification did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: This study showed that there was a significant relationship between palatoscopy, human identification, and sex determination. Thus, palatoscopy can be considered as a cost effective, easy, unique, and stable method for human identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cone.beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been accepted as a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry. Despite a growing trend of CBCT in dentistry, it has some disadvantages like artifacts. Artifacts are discrepancies between the reconstructed visual image and the actual content of the subject which degrade the quality of CBCT images, making them diagnostically unusable. Additionally, structures that do not exist in the subject may appear within images. Such structures can occur because of patient motion, the image capture and reconstruction process. To optimize image quality, it is necessary to understand the types of artifacts. This article aims to throw light on the various types of artifacts associated with CBCT images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral cancer is one of the most common deadliest cancers leading to disfigurement. Despite recent advancement in the treatment modalities, it has less improvement in the prognosis. Early detection plays vital role survival rate of the patients. There is no accurate, cost-effective and reliable method for screening of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Hence, many patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. Early detection would, therefore, help to identify patients and modify treatment with close monitoring. There is a need for mass screening with a rapid and reliable oral cancer diagnostic test that can be widely used in a clinical setting. Recent diagnostic techniques for OSCC require modern laboratory facilities, sophisticated equipment with elaborative and lengthy processing techniques by skilled personnel. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro-total-analysis systems, one of the microfluidics technology that is defined as adaptation, miniaturization, integration, and automation of analytical laboratory procedures into a single device or "chip." This technology assures the replacement of complicated techniques with miniaturized, integrated, programmed and economical diagnostic devices. The detection of oral dysplastic and cancer cells utilizing chip is based on membrane-associated cell proteins. There is unique gene transcription profiles singularly expressed on the cell membranes for its detection. Hence, this system provides a means for rapid, automated, molecular analysis of cancer cells. This review articles emphasis on LOC technology for identification of biomarkers of oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate if commonly used endodontic irrigants such as 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, Prime Dental, Thane, India), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, Meta-Biomed Co. Ltd., Cheongju-si, South Korea) influenced the setting time and metal composition of different base endodontic sealers on exposure. AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), Sealapex (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex (Angelus Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, Brazil), and Tubli-Seal (Kerr Dental, Orange, CA, USA) were selected as the different base representatives of endodontic sealers. These sealers were exposed to 3% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and 17% EDTA, and the individual setting time of the sealers was analyzed. The samples were analyzed for heavy metal elements such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and beryllium (Be) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests were used. All selected sealers showed variation in setting time post-exposure to different irrigants. MTA Fillapex had the shortest mean setting time (215.7 min, post-exposure at 187.3 min) (p < 0.05). Mean setting time was also affected for AH Plus (479.6 min, post-exposure at 423.9 min) (p < 0.05) and Tubli-Seal (514.7 min, post-exposure at 465.2 min) (p < 0.05). Sealapex showed the maximum reduction of setting time (864.8 min, post-exposure at 673.4 min) (p < 0.05). All tested sealers showed heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, As, Hg, and Pb) in their composition, and the quantities were influenced by interaction with different irrigants. The heavy metal Be was not seen in any of the samples. Sealapex showed the longest setting time in comparison to other test sealers. Heavy metals were most present in Sealapex, followed by AH Plus, Tubli-Seal, and MTA Fillapex. MTA Fillapex was seen to have the shortest setting time, and heavy metal composition was least affected on interaction with different commonly used endodontic irrigants. Further, this study provides significant insight into the influence of different endodontic irrigants on interaction with different base endodontic sealers, which has not been reported previously, and future studies should emphasize endodontic irrigant-sealer interactions and their possible effects in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence of accidental pathological findings in asymptomatic maxillary sinuses in patients referred for head and neck cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination for varied reasons., Methods: The present cross-sectional study included a detailed analysis of CBCT scans of 150 patients aged between 18 and 70 years reporting for varied dental complaints for detecting accidental pathological findings in maxillary sinuses while the patients did not have any complaint pertaining to sinuses., Results: The findings of the present study revealed 58% patients to have pathological findings in maxillary sinuses while they were asymptomatic for sinuses. Furthermore, the prevalence of mucosal thickening was found in 29.3% of the patients while 36.7% patients presented with polypoidal mucosal thickening., Conclusion: Higher prevalence of pathologies in asymptomatic maxillary sinuses found in the present study emphasized significance of a thorough examination of routine dental patients by dento-maxillofacial radiologists with necessary investigations to be advised in the form of higher imaging modalities like CBCT, if necessary., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors.)

Context and Aim: The major afflictions such as odynophagia (painful swallowing) and trismus that occur in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) are well documented, but the impairment of gustatory functions has not received much consideration in the past. The present study was planned with a similar intent to assess and compare the alteration in taste perception among gutkha chewers with and without OSMF and healthy subjects., Materials and Methods: The present study was designed as a prospective case-control study comprising 90 individuals within an age range of 15-50 years who were divided into three groups with Group A consisting of 30 patients who were gutkha chewers with OSMF, Group B consisting of 30 individuals who were gutkha chewers but without OSMF and Group C consisting of 30 healthy subjects who were included as normal controls. The taste intensity response scores for the four basic tastes were recorded and the results obtained were, then, subjected to statistical analysis., Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Comparison of the said parameters was done using Chi-square test, analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The findings of the present study suggested that all taste sensations were affected more in Group A patients than the Group B and Group C individuals., Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study were found to be encouraging as it was demonstrated that taste perception varied significantly among the patients with OSMF as against those having habit of betel nut/gutkha chewing but those who did not develop OSMF and the normal healthy controls and this data, though, initial, might be used on a scientific basis to improve the quality of life in the affected patients as well as to prevent the further progression of the disease process., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.)

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that psychological factors of psychological distress and perception of unhappiness in childhood are associated with self reported orofacial pain and to examine whether such patients have a poorer perception of their oral health related quality of life and if so then to what extent., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted in Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur amongst 400 cases and 400 controls. Patients were included based on Locker and Slade's criteria. Patients were asked to complete 27 items Questionnaire which included the General Health Questionnaire to assess for psychological distress and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 for evaluating impact on quality of life. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the degree of association between psychological factors, unhappy childhood and quality of life. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: An increased propensity to report orofacial pain was seen for those individuals with higher levels of Psychological Distress and with perception of Unhappiness in Childhood. These individuals also reported with poorer perception of their oral health related Quality of Life., Conclusion: The present study has shown relationship between Orofacial Pain, Quality of Life and Psychological Factors.