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3. Analysis and Examination of William Lane Craig's Viewpoint on the Relationship between Religion and Ethics.

Author

Naghavi, Reza

Abstract

This paper scrutinizes William Lane Craig's perspective on the relationship between religion and ethics. According to Craig, knowledge of moral values and obligations is not inherently tied to theism, as he posits that God has embedded moral obligations within the human heart. However, in terms of ontology, Craig contends that theism provides the best explanation for moral realism. Atheistic realists, in avoiding the naturalistic fallacy, are urged to conceptualize moral properties as abstract Platonic entities akin to numbers and propositions, a stance unnecessary within the theistic framework where God, a concrete entity, serves as the supreme good and ultimate source of moral goodness. Critically assessing Craig's viewpoint, the paper contends that 1) real property should not be conflated with an essential constituent. Drawing on Moore's perspective, moral predicates are construed as second-order philosophical concepts inherently tied to the existence of subjects. 2) By centering on the existence of "moral evil," Craig's argument can be inverted, providing grounds for an argument supporting the existence of Satan. 3) The consequence of Craig's argument is the negation of any moral obligation for atheists. 4) Positing obedience to God's command solely for its own sake as irrational, Craig's argument may potentially exhibit circular reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Construction and Demolition Waste Management (Tehran Case Study).

Author

Broujeni, Babak Rouhi, Omrani, Ghassem Ali, Naghavi, Reza, and Azadi, Fatemeh

Abstract

One of the fundamental needs of human life is construction and development activities. Today, increasing urban population leads to increasing the trend of metropolises in building construction that raises concern about construction and demolition (C&D) waste management. In order to reduce and overcome the environmental problems caused by construction and demolition activities, components used in building, way of their collection, recycling, and disposal should be recognized. In order to manage C&D wastes, paying attention to how this kind of wastes is disposed is imperative so that separation of them (C&D wastes) from other kinds of wastes like household wastes is very essential. Brick, concrete, building materials, soil, wood, collapsed walls, plaster, old pipes, non-asbestos insulation, pieces of roof boards, asphalt pavement, glass, metals and plastics which are unusable, the electrical wiring and liquids are all placed in this group. Inattention, lack of organization and proper transport and sanitary disposal of construction and demolition waste lead to problems such as accumulation of construction waste in the streets, creating right condition for the prevalence of pollution and creating inappropriate perspectives in the city. However, in developed countries, in addition to managing construction and demolition waste by recycling, reuse and reduction of the consumption of raw materials in the field of construction, more than 90 percent of the potential for recycling and re-using as raw materials is provided. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified C&D wastes into three categories: non-dangerous waste, hazardous wastes and semi-hazardous wastes. Currently in Tehran, on average about 50,000 tons per day of construction and demolition wastes are produced from which over 30,000 tons per day are dumping in landfills. According to this research more than 57% of these wastes are placed in the first category (non-dangerous waste) which have the potential for being recycled and reused. On the other hand, items that are placed in the second category shall be managed based on the existing laws. This article provides some management solutions including proposed methods for collecting and reusing construction waste in accordance with current market needs in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

10. Primary Gastric TCell Lymphoma with Cutaneous Involvement

Author

Naghavi, Reza, Saw, Daisy, Brady, Terence, Kaplan, Mitchell, and Tagoe, Clement

Abstract

Primary gastric T-cell lymphomas are extremely rare. We report a Ki-1 negative primary gastric T-cell lymphoma of the anaplastic large cell type associated with extensive involvement of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and other organ involvement in a patient not known to be immunocompromized. Biopsy of the stomach and distal esophagus showed infiltration of gastric mucosa and the squamous epithelium by nests of large atypical cells with vacuolated or clear cytoplasm, consistent with large cell lymphoma. Immunohisto-chemical staining of these specimens revealed neoplastic cells bearing LCA(CD45) and T-cell markers (UCHL1/CD45R0 and CD3). This represents the only case so far with synchronous presentation of gastric, esophageal, and cutaneous involvement without evidence of regional lymph node involvement. There was no association with HTLV-1 or HIV infection. The patient had a fulminant course and a poor response to chemotherapy.

Published
1995

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