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Background: The design of the current research work was to formulate mouth-dissolving films (MDFs) of aceclofenac (ACF) to improve patient compliance and convenience for older and younger patients, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic outcomes. Method: Evaluations were conducted on film formers such as HPMC and MC and film modifiers such as PEG and starch acting as solubilizing agents. Results: The physicomechanical qualities, in vitro disintegration time, and in vitro dissolving characteristics of the produced MDFs were assessed. Good mechanical qualities, including as tensile strength, folding durability, and percentage elongation, were demonstrated by every created MDF. FTIR, SEM, and X-RD analyses were used to assess MDFs. In contrast to other formulations, MDFs containing F8 provided superior dissolving properties. Conclusion: When pitted against other mixtures, the MDFs with sodium alginate (5%), methylcellulose (5%), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)(5%) showed superior dissolving capabilities. In contrast to other mixtures, the F8 mixture, including HPMC, sodium alginate, and methylcellulose, demonstrated a complete and accelerated dissolution within 50 seconds. The mechanism behind this release is diffusion, as indicated by the release kinetics data.

Traffic Simulating and Evaluating Traffic Patterns at heterogeneous traffic Situations in the Indian Context is extremely increasing. Many researchers from all over the world are trying to explore driving behavior and simulate traffic flow conditions under heterogeneous traffic environments. Simulating Traffic at a Microscopic Level with VISSIM is used in this study identifying every element that contributes to traffic at various traffic stages. Further, the VISSIM model was calibrated based on the desired safety distance and car-following theory. Traffic metrics including flow volume, speed, acceleration, and deceleration were all input parameters in the VISSIM model for simulation purposes. Furthermore, the analysis part of different cases of driving behavior models, such as the default case, and calibration values based on measurement were compared to find out if there was a significant improvement. Moreover, the linear regression model was proposed to understand the calibrated model versus the default case parameters, and it was identified that it is significant when plotting the data. The proposed study results highlighted driving behavior under heterogeneous traffic conditions using VISSIM at Toll Plaza.

Introduction: In developing countries, the incidence of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury (PRAKI) has significantly decreased over the past three decades. However, it remains a major contributor to maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Aim: This retrospective longitudinal study aims to determine the aetiology, outcomes, and factors associated with maternalfoetal outcomes of PRAKI. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care Medical College Hospital in Dharwad district, Karnataka, India. It included patients with AKI during pregnancy and the peripartum period, admitted between January 2014 and December 2021. A total of 156 subjects at risk of PRAKI were identified. Data was collected from the Medical Records Department (MRD), and three months of patient follow-up data were also collected. PRAKI diagnosis and staging were done using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Primary outcomes included the need for dialysis, renal recovery, renal biopsy findings, and development of CKD. Secondary outcomes were maternal and foetal mortality and birth weight. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.34±4.67 years. The most common cause of PRAKI was Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) (75 cases, 48.1%), followed by sepsis (67 cases, 42.90%), and Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (32 cases, 20.50%). Out of the 156 PRAKI patients, one-fourth (42 cases, 26.92%) required haemodialysis, 126 (93%) achieved complete renal recovery, 12 (7.6%) required renal biopsy, 9 (6.6%) developed chronic kidney disease, and 3 (2.2%) developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Maternal mortality was observed in 21 patients (13.46%), and foetal mortality occurred in 47 patients (31%) out of 156 perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: PRAKI was associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. PIH, followed by sepsis, remained the leading cause of PRAKI. Immediate referral of patients to a higher centre and comprehensive antenatal care in peripheral areas can reduce the overall health and economic burden.

The use of clayey sand is considered as a low-quality subgrade for pavement construction and presents several challenges. Clayey sand typically has poor engineering properties due to its less strength and high compressibility with moisture changes. This research work is mainly focused on the feasibility of clayey sand to make suitable to use as a subgrade soil when admixed with and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which is also termed as Furnace Slag and Marble Powder and reinforced with geotextile. The aim is to evaluating the suitability and find optimum quantities of these additives in improving the soil's engineering parameters. Different tests were conducted on the soil samples such as grain size distribution, Atterberg's limits, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) by different amounts of additives. The soaked and unsoaked California Bearing Ratio values of soil reinforced with Geotextile increased to 4.2% and 6.8%, respectively, at 6% of marble powder. A similar trend of increased strength found in case of Furnace Slag admixed with soil reinforced with geotextile and found as 3.6 and 6.8%, respectively. However, it was found that beyond 6%, there is a decline in California Bearing Ratio, indicating that excess Marble Powder and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag negatively impacts soil strength. The use of geotextile reinforcement significantly enhanced Unconfined Compressive Strength values, with the best performance observed at 6% of Furnace Slag and 8% of Marble Powder obtained as 22.6 kPa and 19 kPa, respectively. Based on the results improvements in subgrade soil strength characteristics, the proposed methodology can be adopted for enhancing strength properties of clayey sand subgrades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blood transfusion is vital in trauma, surgery, and chronic care, but it poses a risk of transmitting infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. These infections often originate from asymptomatic donors and can spread through contaminated blood or improper handling during transfusion. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Model Blood Centre of SVRRGGH in Tirupati, aimed to ensure safe blood transfusion by rigorously screening all donations for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) following national protocols. Results: The five-year study at the Model Blood Bank, Tirupati, recorded 35,080 blood donations, with a significant gender disparity, as 97% of donors were male. The overall prevalence of infectious markers was 1.68%, with Hepatitis B (1.4%) being the most common infection, followed by HIV (0.14%), HCV (0.04%), syphilis (0.011%), and malaria (0.06%). Conclusion: The study emphasize the importance of rigorous screening protocols to ensure the safety of blood donations, especially considering the higher rate of infection in voluntary donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gallbladder is a very common organ to be affected by many pathological processes of which gallstones and inflammatory disorders constitute the most. More than 95% of biliary tract disease is attributable to gallstones. This spectrum also includes neoplasms and tumor like conditions which are uncommon. Aim: To study the spectrum of histopathological lesions in gallbladder in cholecystectomy specimens. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pathology at a tertiary care hospital for a period of 2 years from June 2019 to May 2021. A total of 177 specimens were studied. Results: In the present study, gallstones and related diseases were more common in women with maximum incidence in 4th and 5th decade of life. Among the two classes of gallstones, pigment stones were more common. Histopathological findings depicted that chronic cholecystitis was the most prevalent [162/177 cases] followed by acute on chronic cholecystitis [7/177 cases], acute cholecystitis [2/177 cases], empyema [1/177 cases] and cholesterolosis [1/177 cases]. Besides these, reactive atypia [1/177 cases], hyperplasia [1/177 cases] and carcinoma [2/177 cases] were present among the spectrum of diseases. Both the cases of gallbladder carcinoma occurred in male patients in this study. Conclusion: The study revealed that most of the lesions of gallbladder are inflammatory in origin due to underlying gallstones, of which the most common being chronic cholecystitis in females aged 30-40 years. The study also demonstrated that gallbladder carcinoma is a rare occurance. Novelty: In this study, gallbladder carcinoma occurred incidentally in one patient emphasizing the need for doing routine histopathological examination of all cholecystectomy specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground: Urinary Incontinence is also called leaky bladder/ sometimes involves a strong, uncontrollable urge to urinate. Life style of daily passengers includes hurry, anxiety and stress to catch the train to travel long distances for education or occupation purpose. Many people may feel discomfort to use washroom more frequently. Objectives: To assess prevalence of urinary incontinence and socio-demographic profile and risk factors of daily passengers in Prakasam district suffering with urinary incontinence, who travelled in trains during study period. Methodology: A Cross sectional observational study conducted among 160 daily passengers from August 1st to September 30th 2021 in Ongole, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. A pretested semi structured questionnaire is used to assess socio demographic profile and risk factors of urinary incontinence among study participants. Questionnaire for urinary incontinence for diagnosis [QUID] is applied for diagnosing urinary incontinence among study participants. Simple random technique was applied to choose study participants. Results: Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence was 29.66%. Almost half of the study participants (47.2%) mentioned the urinary continence when they had cough or sneezing. Mean age of study participants was 21.7 years and ranged between 17 to 76 years. Pearson correlation test revealed a strong significant positive correlation between QUID Urge score and QUID stress score. (r = 0.40, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Urinary incontinence significantly high in the age group > 30 when compared to others. At the same time urinary incontinence significantly high among study participants having smoking history. People who had high stress score had high prevalence of urinary incontinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polyphagous pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) damage a number of important crops. The fertility and the reproductive rate of S. frugiperda can be altered by the CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of target genes, which produces a cascade of frame-shift mutations. The gene mediating reproductive behaviour in adult moths by suppressing the female receptivity in a variety of lepidopteran pests is the sex peptide receptor gene. PCR amplification and cloning of the S. frugiperda sex peptide receptor gene (1039 bp) was carried out. Utilizing CRISPOR, an online bioinformatics tool, SFSPR exons were used as input to create 'On target maximised and off target minimised sgRNA (20 bp)'. The in vitro restriction assay using designed sgRNA resulted in band size of 790 bp which is a release from the 1039 bp CDS which further verified the designed sgRNA's efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]