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Urinary calculi is formed in kindney, urine pipe, bladder and urethra by the biomineralization under the illness conditions. Recently, the study on the field\of the urinary calculi necessarily of utmost importance the knowledge and method of mineralogy, crystallography and so on. 52 calculi samples which were extracted by the operation were examined. The writers have been carried out the frequency of the produced site of the calculi and that of its component and form. Among the treated samples, upper urinary calculi are occupied 88.5% and the ratio are roughly equal to those of the average in Japan. The total number of the calculi in male were 1.67 times than that of female one. It is assumed that the formation site and genetic process for calculi are identified by the feature of calculi form. Most of the small calcium oxalate monohydrate calculi composed of internal zonal structure and shining surface are probably formed in the site where the urine flowed out rapidly and disorderly. Whereas, the calculi which consists of calcium oxalate dehydrate or cystin having woody appearance occurred in the site where urine flowed slowly, during the short period for growth. Further, the calculi that composed of aggregate of crystals were made from the gel state calcium phosphate as a role of paste.@@@病的生鉱化作用により、尿路結石と呼ばれる結石が腎臓、尿管、膀胱、尿道に形成される。近年の尿路結石に関する研究では、結晶学や鉱物学などの幅広い知識や研究方法が必要とされてきている。ここでは、外科手術によって摘出された52個の結石試料を研究の対象とし、その発生部位別頻度および成分別頻度、および形態の特徴などについて述べる。結石の発生部位別頻度については、上部尿路結石が全体の88.5％を占め、全国平均とほぼ等しい。また、男女比は1.67：1と男性が上回っているものの、全国平均の2.5：1より女性比が多い傾向にある。成分別頻度については、蓚酸カルシウム含有結石が78.9％を占めている。また、成分にカルシウムを含む試料をカルシウム結石とすると、その頻度は92.1％にものぼる。結石形態の特徴からは結石発生の部位や形成過程が推測できる。しま状構造や累帯構造を持つ結石は、光沢を示す小さな蓚酸カルシウム1水和物結石が多く、尿の流れが速く乱流する部位（腎杯憩室）で形成されたと考えられる。断面が樹枝状に広がる結石については蓚酸カルシウム2水和物とシスチンが構成成分で、尿の流れの緩やかな部位で短時間に形成されたと考えられる。また、結晶粒が集積してできた結石は、体内では半固形の状態にあるリン酸カルシウム塩がノリのようなはたらきをしたと考えられる。

Urinary calculi, as biocrystals, are grouped into several types and named based on their chemical compositions and the mineralogical features. Among them, calcium that contained calculi showed maximum amount. Mineralogical study on calculi both of the calcium oxalate (partly contained uric acid) and magnesium ammonium phosphate have been described and some genetic process are also discussed. Calcium oxalate samples mainly composed of whewellite and amorphous-like substances, lacking in weddellite. Most of the samples can be divided into crust and based on their in ternal structure which is similar to that of marine manganese nodules. The core zone contains several concentric stripes of light and dark materials, showing so-called colloform and zonal structure. Spherulitic structure which is composed of aggregate of needle whewellite crystals were also observed at the boundary between core and crust. Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi consists struvite and amorphous-like substances. In cross section, it showed banded structure which is composed of alternate zone of two materials. In both calculi, Ca, Mg, P, C and F were detected by EPMA method. Ca content in generally high with uniformly distribution, and some correlation between Ca and other elements such as Mg and P were observed, locally, in the calcium oxalate samples. In magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi, Mg and P were almost uniformly distributed with high concentration. All elements in calculies probably exist as state of very micro particles.@@@生体結晶として、現在尿路結石にはその種類別にいろいろな構成成分、化学式、鉱物名が与えられている。これらの結石類ではカルシウム系成分が最も多く見出されている。本報文では蓚酸カルシウム（一部尿酸を含む）および燐酸マグネシウム・アンモニウム結石に関する鉱物学的性状を検討し、生成過程についても考察している。蓚酸カルシウム結石は非晶質様物質とwhewellite（1水化物）より構成され、weddellite（2水化物）は特定されない。多くは内部が、内核、外核、外殻部に区分される構造を示し、核部の周りにコロフォーム構造、累帯構造、球顆状構造等が顕著である。燐酸マグネシウム・アンモニウム結石は非晶質様物質とstruviteから構成され、内部にはこれらの互層による多重の帯状構造がみられる。EPMAによる元素分析で、両結石ともCa,Mg,P,O,C,Fが検出される。蓚酸カルシウム結石では試料粒全般にCaが高濃度で均一に分布し、部分的にCaと他のP,Mg,Fが相関関係を示す。また燐酸マグネシウムではMg,P全体に均一に高濃度で分布する。これら結石を構成するすべての元素は極めて微細な粒子として含まれている。