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We have studied in detail the electrochemical reaction of nickel in several kinds of molar ratio-controlled molten salts consisting of AlCl(3) and 1-butylpyridinium chloride (BPC) at 40°C. We observed NiCl(2) as an oxidation product from nickel on the surface of the electrode in slightly acidic AlCl(3)/BPC salts with molar ratios of 1.05/1.0 and 1.1/1.0. However, in strongly acidic salt with the ratio of 1.5/1.0, NiCl(2) deposits on the electrode less than when in the above salts, and no NiCl(29) is observed in basic and neutral salts with the ratio of 1.0/1.0 or less AlCl(3) content. This suggests that [NiCl(4)](2−) ions form as the oxidation of nickel in such neutral and basic AlC(3)/BPC (salts).

We report total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) measurements using an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe to investigate the quantitative fluorescence profiles of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals (NCs), which interact with gold surfaces, as a function of the gold–NC distance. First, a silica bead was glued to an AFM cantilever. CdSe/ZnS NCs were then immobilized on the silica-bead-functionalized AFM probe for control of the gold–NC distance, while a gold thin film served as the metal surface on a glass substrate. As a result of coexistent fluorescence resonance energy transfer and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling, a strong enhancement was observed at 15 nm, while fluorescence suppression was seen at a proximal distance. For further quantitative discussions of the effects of the metal surface on the fluorescence behavior of single NCs, we introduced a gold-deposited silica bead onto the AFM cantilever to regulate the gold–NC distance. Subsequently, the CdSe/ZnS NCs were immobilized on a glass surface. As a result of compensation for the contribution of photobrightening, the NC fluorescence profile for the glass surface also clearly displayed the LSPR-coupled enhancement at 10 nm. In contrast, it was discovered that positioning of the gold surface at a proximal single NC gave rise to quenching of the NC fluorescence. Our findings suggest that a method using an NC-functionalized AFM probe allows us to quantitatively investigate the NC fluorescence under the effects not only of a metal surface but also of an evanescence field.

Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene publisher, To date, only a single proven case of autochthonous human alveolar echinococcosis has been recorded in Minnesota in 1977. At that time, echinococcal lesions removed from the patient were experimentally inoculated into voles, and the parasite materials obtained from the voles were preserved as histopathologic specimens for 30 years. In this study, retrospective genetic analysis of larval Echinococcus multilocularis originating in the human case was performed using the histopathologic specimens. DNA was extracted from the hematoxylin and eosin–stained specimens, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, 20 small fragments (100~216 bp) covering almost the entire sequences (97%) of the cox1 were successfully amplified, and the nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the E. multilocularis isolate from Minnesota was almost identical to an isolate from South Dakota rather than isolates from contiguous Alaska.

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Marcello Otake, Sato ; Tania Vasconcelos, Cavalcante ; Yasuhito, Sako ; Minoru, Nakao ; Hiroshi, Yamasaki ; Ana Patricia, Yatsuda ; Kazuhiro, Nakaya ; Akira, Ito, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75(5), 2006, 933-935 publisher, The study conducted in the Cocal dos Alves municipality, located in the Piracuruca region of Piauí State, Brazil in November of 2003 was based on both a socio-behavioral survey and analysis of serum antibodies and parasitic materials. Pig raising is the main economic activity with 91.4% using extensive farming. On the studied population, 54.3% of people did not apply any sanitary measures to wastewater, 45.7% used septic tanks, and 69.1% consumed water without treatment. The data collected indicated the occurrence and active transmission of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in the region. One of seven voluntary persons was positive in antibody-ELISA tests using both native and recombinant antigens. Multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing of cyst samples obtained from a pig revealed the presence of the Afro-American genotype of Taenia solium. This study revealed the occurrence of human and porcine cysticercosis in the Piracuruca region of Piauí State, middle-north of Brazil.

第12回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2012年1月5日-6日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 12th Space Science Symposium (January 5-6, 2012. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000064010, レポート番号: S2-02

Vitamin K2 as a Chemotherapeutic Agent for Treating Ovarian Cancer

Homozygous deletions (HD) provide an important resource for identifying the location of candidate tumor suppressor genes. To identify the tumor suppressor gene in oral cancer, we employed high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-array analysis. We identified a homozygous loss of FAT (4q35), a new member of the human cadherin superfamily, from genome-wide screening of copy number alterations in one primary oral cancer. This result was evaluated by genomic polymerase chain reaction in 13 oral cancer cell lines and 20 primary oral cancers and Southern blot in the cell lines. We found frequent exonic HD of FAT in the cell lines (3/13, 23%) and in primary oral cancers (16/20, 80%). FAT expression was absent in these cell lines. Homozygous deletion hot spots were observed in exon 1 (9/20, 45%) and exon 4 (7/20, 35%). Moreover, loss of gene expression was identified in other types of squamous cell carcinoma. The methylation status of the FAT CpG island in squamous cell carcinomas correlated negatively with its expression. Our results identify mutations in FAT as an important factor in the development of oral cancer and indicate the importance of FATs function in some squamous cell carcinomas.

Apristurus albisoma is described from New Caledonia at depths ranging from 935 to 1,564 m. The description is based on 21 type specimens, which include immature and mature males and females, ranging from 328 to 596 mm in total length. This new species is distinguishable from other species of the genus by the following characters: small eyes and wide interorbital region; the latter being 2.7-3.6 times eye diameter; first dorsal fin originating above middle of pelvic-fin base; second dorsal-fin axil before anal-fin axil; upper labial furrows equal to, or shorter than lower furrows; overlapping tricuspid dermal denticles; 6-10 spiral valves; continuous supraorbital sensory canal; body whitish.

ZihealとKamienは、コロナ層と核からなるソフト球状ミセルの結晶化では、最初に最密充填格子を組むが、更に濃度を上げるとミセル間の接触面積を最小にしようとし、いわゆるKelvin多面体構造を形成することを予言した。比較的長い親水鎖と疎水鎖をもつ球状の非イオン性界面活性剤ミセル水溶液(C_E_5)の濃度を上げると、この予言に従って六方最密格子(HCP)、体心立方格子(BCC)および新しく発見されたKelvin多面体であるA15格子を組むことを明らかにした。, この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。

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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Xiao, Ning ; Qiu, Jiamin ; Nakao, Minoru ; Nakaya, Kazuhiro ; Yamasaki, Hiroshi ; Sako, Yasuhito ; Mamuti, Wulamu ; Schantz, Peter M. ; Craig, Philip S. ; Ito, Akira, American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 69(4), 2003, 445-446. publisher, The species identification of an echinococcal lesion in the liver of a yak in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region of China, where both Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are present, was difficult to determine because of the atypical appearance of the lesion. Polymerase chain reaction-based mitochondrial genotyping allowed us to discriminate the Echinococcus species. Nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes amplified from the echinococcal lesion demonstrated that the yak was infected with the E. granulosus G1 genotype (sheep strain).