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Objective: In this study, we aimed to emphasize the importance and frequency of incidental findings detected in chest computed tomography (CT) imaging with suspected coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: We evaluated lung nodules, emphysema, pleural and pericardial effusion, mediastinal and axillary lymphadenopathy (LAP), gallstones, kidney stones, hepatosteatosis, ascites, lung, breast, liver, adrenal gland, pancreas, and spleen masses whether or not the patients were positive for COVID-19 pneumonia and correlated with their gender and age. Polymerase chain reaction results of the patients were considered whose CT images were suspicious for COVID-19 pneumonia with chest CT. A total of 2,400 patients were included in the study. Patients who had major thoracic or abdominal operations, aged 18 and above 80 years, and images with artifacts were excluded from our study. Results: In older patients, the COVID-19 positivity rate was higher in our study. We also found that the risk of positive COVID-19 results was higher in the presence of incidental findings regardless of their number. Furthermore, incidental findings such as mediastinal LAP (p=0.001), air cyst (p=0.021), and size above 5 mm parenchymal lung nodule (p=0.001) were higher in patients whose COVID-19 results were positive. Conclusion: We demonstrated that clinicians and radiologists should be careful in terms of incidental findings when evaluating whether there is COVID-19 involvement in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the utility of histogram parameters derived from diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiate renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from oncocytoma was investigated. METHODS: This research tracked 126 individuals who were diagnosed with RCC and oncocytoma through histopathological analysis, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments from 2015 to 2023. We observed various attributes of these patients, including demographic details, surgical records, pre-surgery MRI results, MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis, and post-surgery histopathological outcomes. Calculations of ADC measurements such as mean, minimum, and maximum in conjunction with the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th quantile points were made. In addition, we also noted the skewness, kurtosis, and variance of these data points. RESULTS: The focus group for this investigation consisted of 75 male and 51 female patients. Out of these, 82 were diagnosed with RCC and 44 with oncocytoma. All ADC parameters including ADCmin, ADCmedian, ADCmean, and ADCmax, including the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th quantile divisions among the oncocytoma cohort were observed to be higher than the corresponding ones in the RCC group. A statistically meaningful difference was discovered between the minimum ADC value along with the 5th ranking of ADC measurements (p<0.001), in addition to mean of ADC (p=0.050), and the 10th (p=0.002) and 25th (p=0.015) quantiles of ADC data. When considering the region below the curve (AUC) in ROC analysis, the value of ADCmin was recorded as 0.739, with a sensitivity of 75.0%, and specificity of 68.2%. CONCLUSION: To distinguish oncocytoma from RCC, it may be useful to conduct a whole-tumor histogram and textural analysis of ADC values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggressive angiomyxoma is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumor with a mixed component that occurs almost entirely from the pelvis and perineum. Although aggressive angiomyxoma arising from the liver is very rare, uncommon cases have also been reported in the larynx and lung. In the present study, a 37-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital with the desire of pregnancy was found to have a gigantic mass originating from the liver, and a right hepatectomy decision was made as a result of radiological examinations. Postoperative immunohistochemical findings of the resection material were compatible with aggressive angiomyxoma. Cure was achieved with resection and chemotherapy was not applied. No recurrence was detected in the follow-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the whole brain, hippocampus, thalamus, and lentiform nucleus by volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in paediatric patients with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Material and methods: This retrospective study included 25 patients with HIE and 50 patients as the control group. Diffusion-weighted imaging was obtained at b-values of 1000 mm²/s. The histogram parameters of ADCvalues, including the mean, minimum, maximum, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles, as well as skewness, kurtosis, and variance were determined. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the inter-observer agreement. Results: ADCmin, ADCmean, and ADCmax, as well as the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of ADC values for the HIE group were all lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001) in the volumetric histogram analysis of the hippocampus, thalamus, and lentiform nucleus. In the whole-brain histogram analysis, ADC min, and the 50th and 75th percentiles of ADC values did not differ significantly, while other parameters were lower in the HIE group. The ROC curve revealed that the ADC histogram parameters of the hippocampus provided the most accurate results for the diagnosis of HIE. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 95th percentile of ADC values was the highest (AUC = 0.915; cut-off 1.262 × 10-3 mm²/s; sensitivity 88% and specificity 84%). Conclusions: Volumetric ADC histogram analysis of the whole brain, hippocampus, thalamus, and lentiform nucleus with b-values of 1000 mm²/s can serve as an imaging marker for determining HIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]