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The regulation of tie-line electricity flow and frequency of electrical power systems (EPS) is crucial for ensuring their robustness to parameter changes and efficient management of disturbances. To this end, a novel cascade control design approach utilizing a serial Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller with a filter (PIDF) is proposed in this paper. The parameters of the controllers are derived analytically, and it is employed in both loops of the cascade control system to regulate the Load Frequency Control (LFC) of EPS. The implementation of PIDF controllers in both loops is utilized in the cascade control scheme for various power systems featuring different turbine topologies. This approach has been applied to single, and two-area power systems and has exhibited enhanced performance compared to other commonly referenced studies in the literature. To assess the effectiveness of the cascade control approach proposed performance metrics such as settling time, peak value (overshoot), and integral absolute error (IAE) value of frequency and tie-line power variations are utilized to gauge the system's response to a load perturbation. Additionally, the suggested cascade control technique and design process have undergone robustness testing with ±50% changes in system parameters to validate their reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional feedback control systems cannot perform well under strong disturbances. Cascade control is an alternative approach to the classical single-input single output-control systems to improve the performance of the control system, especially in the case of disturbances. The general approach to identify the tuning parameters of the controllers used in the inner and the outer loop of the cascade controller structure is to tune the inner and the outer loop in a strict sequence. Here, simultaneous tuning of the inner and outer loop controllers is given. Tuning parameters of the inner and outer loop controllers are determined using a genetic algorithm. Simulation results for stable, unstable and integrating processes in the cascade control scheme are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]