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Dacrymycetes , sister to Agaricomycetes , is a noteworthy lineage for studying the evolution of wood-decaying basidiomycetes; however, its species diversity and phylogeny are largely unknown. Species of Dacrymycetes previously used in molecular phylogenetic analyses are mainly derived from the Northern Hemisphere, thus insufficient knowledge exists concerning the Southern Hemisphere lineages. In this study, we investigated the species diversity of Dacrymycetes in New Zealand. We found 11 previously described species, and eight new species which were described here: Calocera pedicellata , Dacrymyces longistipitatus , D. pachysporus , D. stenosporus , D. parastenosporus , D. cylindricus , D. citrinus , and D. cyrtosporus . These eight newly described species and seven of the known ones, namely, Calocera fusca , C. cf. guepinioides , C. lutea , Dacrymyces flabelliformis , D. intermedius , D. subantarcticensis , and Heterotextus miltinus , have rarely or never been recorded from the Northern Hemisphere. In a molecular-based phylogeny, these New Zealand strains were scattered throughout the Dacrymycetaceae clade. Sequences obtained from specimens morphologically matching C. guepinioides were separated into three distant clades. Because no obvious morphological differences could be discerned between the specimens in each clade and no sequence exists from the type specimen, a C. guepinioides s.str. clade could not be determined. This survey of dacrymycetous species in the Southern Hemisphere has increased taxon sampling for phylogenetic analyses that can serve as a basis for the construction of a stable classification of Dacrymycetes .