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Automotive point-of-load dc–dc converters have a wide input voltage range from 4.5 to 42 V and, in order to avoid the AM band interference and comply with the strict CISPR-25 standard for electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance, the switching frequency is desired to be higher than 2 MHz. Buck converter is currently employed for such applications owing to its simplicity and low cost, but it has low efficiency at high switching frequencies and high EMI noise emission due to hard switching. A new active-clamp buck converter is proposed in this paper, which features zero-voltage-switching for main and auxiliary switches, and soft turnoff for synchronous rectifier over a wide input voltage range. The detailed operating principle analysis and several important design considerations are presented. Extensive design equations that can be adapted for other specifications and applications are also derived. A 2.2 MHz, 5V/5A prototype converter with only Silicon mosfets has been designed, built, and tested. The experimental results verify the converter operation and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed active-clamp buck converter. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a new class of switched tank converters (abbreviated as STCs) for high-efficiency high-density nonisolated dc–dc applications where large voltage step down (up) ratios are required. Distinguished from switched capacitor converters, the STCs uniquely employ LC resonant tanks to partially replace the flying capacitors for energy transfer. Full soft charging, soft switching, and minimal device voltage stresses are achieved under all operating conditions. The STCs feature very high efficiency, power density, and robustness against component nonidealities over a wide range of operating conditions. Furthermore, thanks to the full resonant operation, multiple STCs can operate in parallel with inherent droop current sharing, offering the best scalability and control simplicity. These attributes make STC a disruptive and robust technology viable for industry's high volume adoption. A novel equivalent DCX building block principle is introduced to simplify the analysis of STC. A 98.9% efficiency STC product evaluation board (4-to-1, 650 W) has been developed and demonstrated for the next-generation of 48-V bus conversion for data center servers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new high-gain soft-switching dc–dc topology based on a switched inductor boost converter (SIBC). A conventional SIBC as a high gain boost topology has the issues of high conduction loss in switching diodes and high switching loss in the main switches. Also, it has severe electromagnetic interference (EMI) issue due to high-frequency ringing formed by parasitic inductance and diode junction capacitors. The new topology is derived with the objective of achieving zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn on of the main switch. Instead of adding extra active clamp zero voltage transition (ZVT) path at the switching node, the proposed topology augments the auxiliary ZVT path to the switching diode path. This is achieved by replacing the switching diodes with synchronous switches. The new topology can achieve soft switching for all the switches and alleviate the EMI issue. All the diodes achieve zero current switching (ZCS) turn off without reverse recovery. Auxiliary switches have ZCS turn on and ZVS turn off, and the main switches have ZVS turn on. The soft-switching SIBC also reduces the conduction loss in the switching diodes. A numerical simulation in PLECS and a prototype hardware are built corresponding to a micro-inverter application with 100 kHz switching frequency. Peak power conversion efficiency of 94.76% is achieved in the hardware prototype with Si devices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, the design methodology of switched-tank converter (STC) is presented. The power loss breakdown analysis is conducted to point out the directions and paths for components optimization. It is revealed that the switching device conduction loss, printed circuit board (PCB) loss, and inductor loss become significant when output power is >150 W. Power loss of four switches is calculated and compared for switching device selection. The resonant capacitor is carefully designed to meet both current stress and ripple requirements. On the other hand, optimal design of the resonant inductors and PCB layout are fully investigated. The core loss model is provided, and different core materials are compared to minimize the core loss. Besides, a fine-tuned inductor winding structure is designed to achieve the lowest winding loss. Furthermore, PCB layout is optimized to get short loop length for each operation state. In addition to the hardware level optimization, an improved control method is proposed, in which the conduction time of switching devices is tuned to mitigate the circulating power. To verify the optimization work, a prototype of STC is built and tested. The experimental results indicate that a state-of-the-art performance of 98.71% efficiency and a 1000 W/in3 high power density is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high efficiency and high power density features of intermediate bus converter (IBC) in data center application is very critical. This paper proposes a nonisolated switched-tank dc–dc converter (STC) to meet the high requirement of IBC. The proposed STC has fixed voltage conversion ratio. Theoretical analysis provides the guideline for designing resonant tank and nonresonant tank as well as selecting proper deadtime for the proposed circuit. With resonant operation feature of the proposed circuit, zero current switching is realized on all switching devices to help the high-efficiency operation of the proposed converter. Through the proposed design methodology in this paper, power loss on switching devices and planar inductors can be minimized. In addition, detailed power loss analysis and breakdown provide hints for further efficiency improvement. Simulation has been performed to validate the operating principle of the proposed STC. A designed 6x STC (450 W nominal/600 W maximum) based on eGaNFETs is demonstrated. With 54 V typical input voltage, the output of the 6x STC is 9 V. The GaN-based prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 98.55%. Also, it achieves 97.18% efficiency and 750 W/in3 power density at 450 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]