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Abstract UVB radiation induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation, leading to skin wrinkling, compromised barrier function, and an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Addressing or preventing photoaging may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for these conditions. Recent research indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit significant therapeutic potential for various skin diseases. Given that extracellular vesicles (EV) can deliver diverse cargo to recipient cells and elicit similar therapeutic effects, we investigated the roles and underlying mechanisms of both adipose-derived MSC-derived EV (AMSC-EV) and umbilical cord-derived MSC-derived EV (HUMSC-EV) in photoaging. Our findings indicated that in vivo, treatment with AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV resulted in improvements in wrinkles and skin hydration while also mitigating skin inflammation and thickness alterations in both the epidermis and dermis. Additionally, in vitro studies using human keratinocytes (HaCaTs), human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFs), and T-Skin models revealed that AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV attenuated senescence, reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, and alleviated inflammation induced by UVB. Furthermore, EV treatment enhanced cell viability and migration capacity in the epidermis and promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the dermis in photoaged cell models. Mechanistically, proteomics results showed that TIMP1 was highly expressed in both AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV and could exert similar effects as MSC-EV. In addition, we found that EV and TIMP1 could inhibit Notch1 and downstream targets Hes1, P16, P21, and P53. Collectively, our data suggests that both AMSC-EV and HUMSC-EV attenuate skin photoaging through TIMP1/Notch1.

Water, energy, food, and ecology are essential for achieving sustainable development in a region, and in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, their security is also essential at a river basin scale. This study investigated the interrelationships among the water system, food system, energy system, and ecosystem in China’s Upper Han River, in alignment with Goals 2, 6, 7, and 15 of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To evaluate the achievement of the SDGs in the Upper Han River, this water–energy–food–ecology system was evaluated by a thorough evaluation index system according to Goals 2, 6, 7, and 15, and the weights of the indices were given using a combination of the CRITIC weighting method and entropy approach. The level of coupling coordination of the system from 2000 to 2021 was quantitatively evaluated by using a coupling coordination degree model. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was built to forecast the process of the indices from 2022 to 2041, and the predicted processes of the system were evaluated by the coupling coordination degree model. The degree of coupling coordination improved from 0.396 to 0.845, and the comprehensive assessment development index increased by 113% from 2000 to 2021, demonstrating that it was a stable development period in general. The fragile support capacity of the water system for the energy system, food system, and ecosystem had a great impact on the overall comprehensive evaluation index. SDG2 (food system), SDG6 (water system), SDG7 (energy system), and SDG15 (ecosystem) all have higher levels of internal conflict. These bi-directional dynamics tended to converge in the sufficiency development mode in the future period as well as the historical period. The analysis of the relationship showed that there were inherent connections and interactions between the four goals, as presented by the high level of coupling that persisted between SDG2, SDG6, SDG7, and SDG15. In the process of promoting the achievement of these goals, the coupling degree also tends to be coordinated from 2022 to 2041. The results offer a view for the river basin’s sustainable development and management.

Abstract Background Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is one of the oldest domesticated crops and has been considered as an ideal model plant for C4 grasses. It has abundant type of anther and hull colors which is not only a most intuitive morphological marker for color selection in seed production, but also has very important biological significance for the study of molecular mechanism of regulating the synthesis and metabolism of flavonoids and lignin. However, only a few genetic studies have been reported for anther color and hull color in foxtail millet. Results Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for anther color and hull color was conducted using 400 F6 and F7 recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) derived from a cross between parents Yugu18 and Jigu19. Using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, 43,001 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3,022 indels were identified between both the parents and the RILs. A total of 1,304 bin markers developed from the SNPs and indels were used to construct a genetic map that spanned 2196 cM of the foxtail millet genome with an average of 1.68 cM/bin. Combined with this genetic map and the phenotypic data observed in two locations for two years, two QTL located on chromosome 6 (Chr6) in a 1.215-Mb interval (33,627,819–34,877,940 bp) for anther color (yellow - white) and three QTL located on Chr1 in a 6.23-Mb interval (1–6,229,734 bp) for hull color (gold-reddish brown) were detected. To narrow the QTL regions identified from the genetic map and QTL analysis, we developed a new method named “inconsistent rate analysis” and efficiently narrowed the QTL regions of anther color into a 60-kb interval (34.13–34.19 Mb) in Chr6, and narrowed the QTL regions of hull color into 70-kb (5.43–5.50 Mb) and 30-kb (5.69–5.72 Mb) intervals in Chr1. Two genes (Seita.6G228600.v2.2 and Seita.6G228700.v2.2) and a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene (Seita.1G057300.v2.2) with amino acid changes between the parents detected by whole-genome resequencing were identified as candidate genes for anther and hull color, respectively. Conclusions This work presents the related QTL and candidate genes of anther and hull color in foxtail millet and developed a new method named inconsistent rate analysis to detect the chromosome fragments linked with the quality trait in RILs. This is the first study of the QTL related to hull color in foxtail millet and clarifying that the CAD gene (Seita.1G057300.v2.2) is the key gene responsible for this trait. It lays the foundation for further cloning of the functional genes and provides a powerful tool to detect the chromosome fragments linked with quality traits in RILs.

Telecommuting and telelearning have gradually become mainstream lifestyles in the post-epidemic era. The extensive interconnection of massive terminals gives attackers more opportunities, which brings more significant challenges to network traffic security analysis. The existing attacks, often using encryption technology and distributed attack methods, increase the number and complexity of attacks. However, the traditional methods need more analysis of encrypted malicious traffic interaction patterns and cannot explore the potential correlations of interaction patterns in a macroscopic and comprehensive manner. Anyway, the changes in interaction patterns caused by attacks also need further study. Therefore, to achieve accurate and effective identification of attacks, it is essential to comprehensively describe the interaction patterns of malicious traffic and portray the relations of interaction patterns with the appearance of attacks. We propose a method for classifying attacks based on the traffic interaction attribute graph, named G-TIAG. At first, the G-TIAG studies interaction patterns of traffic describes the construction rule of the graphs and selects the attributive features of nodes in each graph. Then, it uses a convolutional graph network with a GRU and self-attention to classify benign data and different attacks. Our approach achieved the best classification results, with 89% accuracy and F1-Score, 88% recall, respectively, on publicly available datasets. The improvement is about 7% compared to traditional machine learning classification results and about 6% compared to deep learning classification results, which finally successfully achieved the classification of attacks.

Indoor biomass burning produces large amounts of small particles and hazardous contaminants leading to severe air pollution and potentially high health risks associated with inhalation exposure. Personal samplers provide more accurate estimates of inhalation exposure. In this study, inhalation exposure to size-segregated particles and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the biomass user was studied by deploying personal samplers. The study found that daily PM2.5 inhalation exposure level was as high as 121 ± 96 μg/m3, and over 84% was finer PM1.0. For PAHs, the exposure level was 113 ± 188 ng/m3, with over 77% in PM1.0. High molecular weight PAHs with larger toxic potentials enriched in smaller particles resulting in much high risks associated with PAHs inhalation exposure. Indoor exposure contributed to ~80% of the total inhalation exposure as a result of high indoor air pollution and longer residence spent indoor. The highest exposure risk was found for the male smoker who conducted cooking activities at home.

If the attacker wants to compromise a target virtual machine on a cloud platform,the malicious virtual machine must be co-resident with the target.Based on this,a virtual machine co-residency method was proposed.The method combined a co-residency detection scheme based on covert channel construction and an automatic virtual machine flooding strategy,and was evaluated on a well-known domestic cloud platform.Experiment shows that the adaptive covert channel can achieve accuracies of 95%,the proposed detection scheme has strong robustness whose false positive rate is less than 5 ‰,the proposed method is versatile and keeps the virtualization isolation barrier intact,which has great potential threat and should be paid great attention and precaution.

Microwave (MW) pretreatment was used to increase the sulforaphane content in cabbages. In vitro digestion in rat stomach and shaking flask was then investigated to monitor the bioaccessible sulforaphane content in the pretreated cabbages. Microstructural changes of cabbages were observed and used to support the pretreatment and digestion results. MW treatment at 26.40 W/g for 15 s increased the sulforaphane content by 6.23 times compared with that in the fresh samples. Bioaccessible sulforaphane content after rat-stomach digestion increased 3.48–4.19 times compared with that in the pretreated samples before digestion. This increase was similar to that after shaking-flask digestion, probably because cabbage tissues are soft and can be easily digested even in a simplified batch in vitro digestion system. Nevertheless, sulforaphane concentration in the digested mixture during rat-stomach digestion became constant after 15 min, while that in the shaking flask reached the same concentration only after 75 min.

The equivalent resistance of a class of n-step resistor networks with △ structure and multi-parameter is investigated and a breakthrough in methodology and theory is made. In this paper, a simple equivalent model is established, and a nonlinear difference equation is established by applying Kirchhoff's law. The solution of the nonlinear difference equation is given by the transformation method of variable substitution. Finally, a simple equivalent resistance formula is obtained. This paper also gives several interesting special conclusions, indicating that our network model contains a series of basic n-step resistor network models. Our method and the conclusions can also be applied to research on complex impedance networks. Keywords: n-step network, Equivalent resistance, Nonlinear difference equation, Equivalent transform, Variable substitution

Although several years delayed than its initial plan, extreme UV lithography (EUVL) with 13.5nm wavelength has been finally implemented into high volume manufacture (HVM) of mainstream semiconductor industry since 2018. With the delivery and installation of ASML EUV scanners in those giant Fab players like Samsung, TSMC and Intel, EUV lithography is becoming a sort of industry standard exposure metrology for those critical layers of advanced technology nodes beyond 7nm. Although ASML NXE EUVL scanner is the only commercialized EUV exposure system available on the market, its development is the concentration of all essence from worldwide industrial and academic collaboration. It is becoming more and more important not only for fab runners but also for main stream fabless design houses to understand and participate the progress of EUVL. In this review, working principles, module structures and technical challenges have been briefly discussed regarding each EUV subsystem, including light source, reflection mirrors and system, reticle module as well as photoresist development. EUV specific issues of light intensity, defectivity within reflection system, line edge roughness (LER) and mask 3D effects have been focused respectively and promising solutions have been summarized as well.

Abstract Background Neuropathic pain involves neuroinflammation and upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system. Unfortunately, few effective treatments are available for managing this type of pain. The overactivation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an essential enzyme in glycolysis, can cause neuroinflammation and nociception. This study investigated the spinal role of LDHA in neuropathic pain. Method Using immunohistochemical analysis, nociceptive behavior, and western blotting, we evaluated the cellular mechanisms of intrathecal administration of LDHA inhibitors, including FX11 and oxamate, in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic rats. Result FX11 and oxamate attenuated CCI-induced neuronal LDHA upregulation and nociceptive sensitization. Moreover, CCI-induced neuroinflammation, microglial polarization, and angiogenesis were attenuated by LDHA inhibitors. These inhibitors regulate the TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) axis, crucial for controlling inflammation and new blood vessel growth. Additionally, CCI-induced nuclear LDHA translocation, as associated with oxidative stress resistance, was attenuated by LDHA inhibitors. Conclusion In conclusion, LDHA may be a potential therapeutic target for treating neuropathic pain by regulating neuroinflammation and angiogenesis.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is one of the most economically important vegetables worldwide, but genetic and genomic resources supporting celery molecular breeding are quite limited, thus few studies on celery have been conducted so far. In this study we made use of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers generated from previous celery transcriptome sequencing and attempted to detect the genetic diversity and relationships of commonly used celery accessions and explore the efficiency of the primers used for cultivars identification. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of Apium graveolens L. var. dulce showed that approximately 43% of genetic diversity was within accessions, 45% among accessions, and 22% among horticultural types. The neighbor-joining tree generated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and population structure analysis, as well as principal components analysis (PCA), separated the cultivars into clusters corresponding to the geographical areas where they originated. Genetic distance analysis suggested that genetic variation within Apium graveolens was quite limited. Genotypic diversity showed any combinations of 55 genic SSRs were able to distinguish the genotypes of all 30 accessions.

Abstract. Introduction:. Neuropathic pain (NP) affects countless people worldwide; however, few effective treatments are currently available. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) participate in epigenetic modifications in neuropathy-induced nociceptive sensitization. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter that can inhibit NP. The present study aimed to examine the role of spinal HDAC and its isoforms in neuropathy. Methods:. Male Wistar Rat with chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced peripheral neuropathy and HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat, was administrated intrathecally. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis of lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn and nociceptive behaviors (thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) measurements. Results:. Herein, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that spinal hdac3, hdac4, and hdac6 were upregulated in CCI rats. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that HDAC3, HDAC4, and HDAC6 were significantly upregulated, whereas GABA and its synthesis key enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 were dramatically downregulated. Intrathecal panobinostat attenuated nociceptive behavior and restored the downregulated spinal GAD65 and GABA expression in CCI rats. Conclusions:. HDAC upregulation might induce nociception through GAD65 and GABA inhibition in CCI-induced neuropathy. These findings strongly suggest that HDACs negatively regulate inhibitory neurotransmitters, constituting a potential therapeutic strategy for an epigenetic approach to manage NP.

OBJECTIVE: to describe a new posterior minimally invasive method of facet stabilization for treatment of the degenerating lumbar motion segment. The biomechanics of this Percudyn (Interventional Spine; Irvine, CA) system are distinct from that of other interspinous dynamic stabilization systems as it acts bilaterally directly within the middle column of the spine. Based on biomechanical evalution, the paired prosthesis supports, cushions, and reinforces the facet complexes by limiting both extension and lateral bending thereby maintaining central and foraminal volumes. METHODS: the Percudyn device consists of a pedicle anchor upon which sits a cushioning polycarbonate-urethane stabilizer that serves as a mechanically reinforcing stop between the inferior and superior articular facets. A 1.5 cm skin incision is made bilaterally over the lower pedicle of the treated segment through which a Jamshidi needle is percutaneously targeted under biplanar fluoroscopic guidance into the caudal aspect of the superior articular process directly underneath the lip of the inferior facet from the level above. Progressive onestep tubular dilation is then performed to secure a small disposable working portal. Through this access, the Percudyn stabilizers are then placed over the wire and anchored bilaterally into the inferior pedicles of the degenerated motion segment. RESULTS: three patients (ages 26-41, male) with significant low back pain as well as radiculopathy with lateral recess stenosis from a large disc herniation/ ligamentum and facet hypertrophy (L4-5 and/or L5-S1) underwent a minimally invasive decompression/ discectomy and bilateral Percudyn placement at each disease level. Each patient had significant relief of both his radiculopathy and axial back pain post-operatively and was discharged home within 18 hours without sequelae. CONCLUSION: this novel technique of percutaneous posterior facet augmentation allows for safe placement of bilateral middle column prostheses that act as mechanical cushions between the articulating facets thereby limiting extension and lateral bending and also preventing compression of the neural elements. As the Percudyn device serves to reinforce the middle column directly at the level of the facet, it represents a new class of posterior motionpreserving stabilization which may serve to mitigate segmental axial back pain as has been described for other posterior dynamic stabilization systems.OBJETIVO: describir un método de estabilización facetárea posterior mínimamente invasiva para tratamiento del segmento móvil degenerativo. La biomecánica del sitema Percudyn (Interventional Spine, Irvine, California) es distinta de otros sistemas de estabilización dinámica interespinosa, pues ésta actúa directamente y bilateralmente dentro de la columna media de la columna vertebral. Con base en evaluaciones biomecánicas, la prótesis dupla da soporte, actúa como amortiguador y refuerza los complejos facetáreos limitando la extensión y la inclinación lateral, manteniendo así los volúmenes centrales y foraminales. MÉTODOS: el sistema Percudyn consiste de un áncora pedicular sobre la cual está apoyado un estabilizador de policarbonato-uretano, que actúa como un bloqueo mecánicamente reforzado entre las facetas inferiores y superiores. Una incisión en la piel de 1.5 cm es hecha bilateralmente sobre el pedículo inferior del segmento a ser tratado, a través del cual es introducida percutáneamente una aguja de Jamshidi con auxilio de fluoroscopia biplanar en dirección a la porción caudal del proceso articular superior, directamente abajo del borde de la faceta inferior del nivel superior. Es hecha una dilatación tubular progresiva para sujetar un pequeño y temporal portal de trabajo. A través de este acceso, los estabilizadores Percudyn son puestos sobre el hilo o alambre y ancorados bilateralmente en los pedículos inferiores de cada segmento móvil degenerativo. RESULTADOS: tres pacientes (edad de 26 a 41 años, sexo masculino) con lumbalgia significativa, así como radiculopatía y estenosis del receso lateral en consecuencia de un fragmento grande del disco herniado, o hipertrofia ligamentar y facetárea (L4-5 y/o L5-S1) fueron sometidos a una descompresión/ disectomía mínimamente invasiva e implantación del Percudyn bilateralmente en cada segmento afectado. Todos los pacientes tuvieron un alivio postoperatorio significativo tanto de la radiculopatía así como del dolor axial lumbar y tuvieron alta hospitalar hasta 18 horas sin secuelas de la intervención. CONCLUSIÓN: esta nueva técnica percutánea de aumento posterior de las facetas permite la colocación segura de prótesis de la columna media que actúan como un amortiguador mecánico entre las facetas articulares, limitando así la extensión y la inclinación lateral, previniendo también la compresión de los elementos neurales. En la medida en que los dispositivos Percudyn sirven para reforzar la columna media directamente en el nivel de la faceta, pueden representar una nueva clase de estabilizadores con preservación del movimiento que actúan para reducir el dolor axial lumbar, como ya descrito con otros sistemas de estabilización mecánica.OBJETIVO: descrever um método de estabilização facetária posterior minimamente invasivo para tratamento de segmento móvel degenerativo. A biomecânica do sistema Percudyn (Interventional Spine, Irvine, Califórnia) é distinta de outros sistemas de estabilização dinâmica inter-espinhosa, pois este atua direta e bilateralmente dentro da coluna média da coluna vertebral. Baseada em avaliações biomecânicas, a prótese dupla dá suporte, atua como amortecedor e reforça os complexos facetários limitando a extensão e a inclinação lateral, mantendo assim os volumes centrais e foraminais. MÉTODOS: o sistema Percudyn consiste de uma ancora pedicular sobre a qual está apoiado um estabilizador de plicarbonato-uretano que atua como um bloqueio mecanicamente reforçado entre as facetas inferiores e superiores. Uma incisão na pele de 1,5cm é feita bilateralmente sobre o pedículo inferior do segmento a ser tratado, por meio da qual é introduzida percutaneamente uma agulha de Jamshidi com auxílio de fluoroscopia biplanar em direção da porção caudal do processo articular superior, diretamente abaixo da borda da faceta inferior do nível superior. É feita uma dilatação tubular progressiva para assegurar um pequeno e temporário portal de trabalho. Por meio desse acesso, os estabilizadores Percudyn são colocados sobre o fio e ancorados bilateralmente nos pedículos inferiores de cada segmento móvel degenerativo. RESULTADOS: três pacientes (idade de 26 a 41 anos, sexo masculino) com lombalgia significativa, assim como radiculopatia e estenose do recesso lateral em consequência de um grande fragmento de disco herniado, ou hipertrofia ligamentar e facetária (L4-5 e/ou L5-S1) foram submetidos a uma descompressão/discectomia minimamente invasiva e implantação do Percudyn bilateralmente em cada segmento afetado. Todos os pacientes tiveram um alivio pós-operatório significante, tanto da radiculopatia como da dor axial lombar, e alta hospitalar até 18 horas sem sequelas da intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: esta nova técnica percutânea de aumento posterior das facetas permite a colocação segura de próteses da coluna média que agem como um amortecedor mecânico entre as facetas articulares, limitando assim a extensão e a inclinação lateral, prevenindo também a compressão dos elementos neurais. Na medida em que os dispositivos Percudyn servem para reforçar a coluna média diretamente no nível da faceta, representam uma nova classe de estabilizadores com preservação do movimento que atuam para reduzir a dor axial lombar, como já descrito com outros sistemas de estabilização mecânica.

BackgroundCelery is an increasing popular vegetable species, but limited transcriptome and genomic data hinder the research to it. In addition, a lack of celery molecular markers limits the process of molecular genetic breeding. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing is an efficient method to generate a large transcriptome sequence dataset for gene discovery, molecular marker development and marker-assisted selection breeding.Principal findingsCelery transcriptomes from four tissues were sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. De novo assembling was performed to generate a collection of 42,280 unigenes (average length of 502.6 bp) that represent the first transcriptome of the species. 78.43% and 48.93% of the unigenes had significant similarity with proteins in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein database (Nr) and Swiss-Prot database respectively, and 10,473 (24.77%) unigenes were assigned to Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG). 21,126 (49.97%) unigenes harboring Interpro domains were annotated, in which 15,409 (36.45%) were assigned to Gene Ontology(GO) categories. Additionally, 7,478 unigenes were mapped onto 228 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database (KEGG). Large numbers of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were indentified, and then the rate of successful amplication and polymorphism were investigated among 31 celery accessions.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of generating a large scale of sequence information by Illumina paired-end sequencing and efficient assembling. Our results provide a valuable resource for celery research. The developed molecular markers are the foundation of further genetic linkage analysis and gene localization, and they will be essential to accelerate the process of breeding.

BACKGROUND: The use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in F1 hybrid seed production of chili pepper is increasingly popular. However, the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration remain poorly understood due to limited transcriptomic and genomic data. Therefore, we analyzed the difference between a CMS line 121A and its near-isogenic restorer line 121C in transcriptome level using next generation sequencing technology (NGS), aiming to find out critical genes and pathways associated with the male sterility. RESULTS: We generated approximately 53 million sequencing reads and assembled de novo, yielding 85,144 high quality unigenes with an average length of 643 bp. Among these unigenes, 27,191 were identified as putative homologs of annotated sequences in the public protein databases, 4,326 and 7,061 unigenes were found to be highly abundant in lines 121A and 121C, respectively. Many of the differentially expressed unigenes represent a set of potential candidate genes associated with the formation or abortion of pollen. CONCLUSIONS: Our study profiled anther transcriptomes of a chili pepper CMS line and its restorer line. The results shed the lights on the occurrence and recovery of the disturbances in nuclear-mitochondrial interaction and provide clues for further investigations.

Molecular organic cage compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in gas storage, catalysis, chemical sensing, molecular separations, etc. In this study, a homochiral pentyl cage compound was synthesized from a condensation reaction of (S,S)-1,2-pentyl-1,2-diaminoethane and 1,3,5-triformylbenzene. The imine-linked pentyl cage diluted with a polysiloxane (OV-1701) was explored as a novel stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatographic separation of organic compounds. Some positional isomers were baseline separated on the pentyl cage-coated capillary column. In particular, various types of enantiomers including chiral alcohols, esters, ethers and epoxides can be resolved without derivatization on the pentyl cage-coated capillary column. The reproducibility of the pentyl cage-coated capillary column for separation was investigated using nitrochlorobenzene and styrene oxide as analytes. The results indicate that the column has good stability and separation reproducibility after being repeatedly used. This work demonstrates that molecular organic cage compounds could become a novel class of chiral separation media in the near future.

Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes reproductive and respiratory diseases in sow herds and piglets. The emergence of ORF5 RFLP 1–7-4-like (NADC34-like) PRRSV strain in China has brought a new round of challenges to PRRSV prevention. Methods: In addition, recombinant adenovirus vaccine candidates against the newly emerged NADC34-like strain were constructed in the study; the immunogenicity of the vaccine was investigated in piglets. After inoculation with PRRSV recombinant adenovirus, specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and levels of IFN- γ and IL-4 cytokines were detected in serum. Results: Thirty-five days after immunization, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines in the pac-Ad5-34-GP3, pac-Ad5-34-GP5, and pac-Ad5-34-GP35 experimental groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the PBS and the adenovirus group. All vaccines can cause corresponding Th1 and Th2 immune responses based on animal experimental results. After the challenge, no obvious clinical symptoms were observed in the immune groups compared with the control group, vaccinated animals could reduce the occurrence of viremia, and the occurrence of viremia was alleviated, with no obvious pathological changes in the lungs, indicating that recombinant adenovirus vaccine could provide a good protective immunity and produce a good humoral and cellular immune response at the same time. Discussion: It shows that the recombinant adenovirus vaccine group has better protection against the virus. Provide vaccine reserve and theoretical support for the emergence of new PRRSV subtypes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rising anxiety and depression in primary school students adversely affect their development and academics, burdening families and schools. This trend necessitates urgent, focused research within this young demographic. This alarming trend calls for a systematic bibliometric analysis to develop effective preventative and remedial strategies Objectives: This study aims to identify and analyze the prevailing research hotspots and emerging trends concerning anxiety and depression in primary school students, thereby furnishing a foundational reference for future academic endeavors in this area. Methods: This study uses the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database as the data source, focusing on literature published between 2013 and 2023 concerning anxiety and depression in primary school students. An initial search identified 1852 articles, which were then manually screened to exclude duplicates, conferences, announcements, and unrelated literature, resulting in 1791 relevant articles. The analysis, executed on December 31, 2023, employed CiteSpace and Vosviewer tools to assess various bibliometric indicators including authorship, country, institutional affiliations, publication trends, keyword frequency, and citation analysis. Results: The analysis revealed a corpus of 1,791 English-language articles, with a discernible upward trend in publications over the decade. The USA and China were the leading countries in this field, with 482and 272 papers, respectively. The research predominantly addresses the etiological factors of anxiety and depression, various intervention strategies, and the comorbidities associated with these conditions in the target population. Key research focuses have been identified in areas such as suicidal thoughts, bullying in schools, the impact of COVID-19, mindfulness interventions, and anxiety related to mathematics. Future research is projected to increasingly focus on the effects of mathematics anxiety on the psychological and behavioral outcomes in students. Conclusion: This study provides a critical visual and analytical overview of the key research areas and trends in the field of anxiety and depression among primary school students. It underscores the necessity of concentrating on the underlying causes and potential interventions. Such focused research is imperative for mitigating the mental health challenges faced by young students and enhancing their educational and developmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of sensitive and specific exosome detection tools is essential because they are believed to provide specific information that is important for early detection, screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of cancer. Among the many detection tools, surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are analytical devices that offer advantages in sensitivity and detection speed, thereby making the sample-analysis process faster and more accurate. In addition, the penetration depth of the SPR biosensor, which is <300 nm, is comparable to the size of the exosome, making the SPR biosensor ideal for use in exosome research. On the other hand, another type of nanoplasmonic sensor, namely a localized surface-plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor, has a shorter penetration depth of around 6 nm. Structural optimization through the addition of supporting layers and gap control between particles is needed to strengthen the surface-plasmon field. This paper summarizes the progress of the development of SPR and LSPR biosensors for detecting exosomes. Techniques in signal amplification from two sensors will be discussed. There are three main parts to this paper. The first two parts will focus on reviewing the working principles of each sensor and introducing several methods that can be used to isolate exosomes. This article will close by explaining the various sensor systems that have been developed and the optimizations carried out to obtain sensors with better performance. To illustrate the performance improvements in each sensor system discussed, the parameters highlighted include the detection limit, dynamic range, and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]