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Exercise combined with dietary factors may have significant effects on the suppression of body fat accumulation. Several trials suggest that amino acid mixtures containing alanine, arginine, and phenylalanine (ARF) combined with exercise can significantly reduce body fat accumulation in overweight adults and high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. We therefore hypothesized that combining ARF and exercise would significantly induce beige adipocyte formation and that this would contribute to reducing body weight, whereas administration of ARF or exercise alone would not. Administration of ARF (1 g/kg body weight, daily) combined with exercise (5 sessions per week) for 4 wk significantly induced formation of beige adipocytes in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in mice, although ARF or exercise alone did not. Metabolomic analysis showed that plasma lactate concentration was significantly elevated in the exercise+ARF group relative to the exercise group. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase B, which increases redox stress by converting lactate to pyruvate in iWAT and triggers induction of uncoupling protein 1 expression was significantly upregulated in iWAT of the exercise+ARF group. These findings demonstrate the unique effect of ARF combined with exercise for inducing beige adipocyte formation, which may be associated with the suggested lactate-mediated pathway. Appropriate mixtures of amino acids could be used as a dietary supplement before exercise and contributed to increasing energy expenditures.

CAPDに関連した腹膜炎起炎菌として検出されやすいS. epidermidis, S. aureusの増殖動態を1.5% DianealTM液および同液を使用してCAPDを継続中の1例から得られたCAPD排液 (peritoneal dialysis effluents) とで比較, 検討した. 両菌種ともDianealTM液中では増殖が抑制されたが, CAPD排液中では生菌数は培養開始6時間目まではほぼ不変であったが, 24時間目ではむしろ増殖傾向を示した. 浸透圧, ブドウ糖, 総タンパク質, pHは, 24時間の検討期間中不変であった. 一方, 6時間目までは生菌数の増加があまりないという結果は毎6時間のCAPD液交換が腹膜炎発症予防には有利であるとも考えられた.

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PA) values detected by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA, MARKIT-M PA) as a successor of MARKIT-F PA, which has been a leading kit in Japan, were evaluated for its role in the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate and follow-up of the patients afflicted with the disease. The system is one-step sandwich type EIA using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer and has 0.50-100 ng/ml of detectable range with small amount of sample volume (25 microliters) and reliable quality control data. Furthermore, serum PA values detected by the assay were almost equivocal to those detected by MARKIT-F PA. Serum PA values in prostate cancer patients (n = 122) were statistically higher than those in normal males (n = 90), urological malignancies other than prostate cancer (n = 48) or benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, n = 73). Even in the patients with stage A and B prostate cancer, serum PA values were observed to be statistically higher than those in BPH cases. If 3.6 ng/ml was used, which is normal value in MARKIT-F PA, as a cut-off value and BPH cases as a control, the sensitivity, specificity and efficacy for diagnosis of prostate cancer were 77.9, 91.8 and 83.1%, respectively, which showed the best results during the range examined. Serially determined serum PA values in following up the patients with prostate cancer were confirmed to be highly effective to evaluate treatment responses. These results suggest that MARKIT-M PA is thought to be one of the best tool for determination of serum PA values.