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s / Pancreatology 13 (2013) S1–S80 S10 group (1 yr; 85.8%, 3 yrs; 56.7%) and ODP group (1 yr; 79.3%, 3 yrs; 44.5%). (P 1⁄4 0.079) Conclusions: There seems to be increasing evidence that LDP is equivalent to ODP for Pancreatic cancer in terms of oncologic outcome. However, long term oncologic result will be required and further randomized prospective studies should be performed to support the validity of LDP for Pancreatic cancer.

s / Pancreatology 13 (2013) e1–e94 e33 drugs (5-FU and gemcitabine) and a combination of both drug types. The status of autophagy in PANC-1 was evaluated by Western blot analysis of the autophagosome marker LC3-II. The effect of the drugs on cell growth was also assessed. Results: Western blot of LC3-II showed that autophagy is activated in PANC-1 under basal culture conditions, and was suppressed by chloroquine, which is known to inhibit the degradation of autophagosomes. Both 5-FU and gemcitabine induced autophagy in PANC-1. When chloroquine was added together with these anticancer drugs on PANC-1, LC3-II bands were stronger. Chloroquine suppressed cell growth of PANC-1. In addition, chloroquine greatly increased the growth-inhibiting effects of 5FU and gemcitabine. Conclusions: Autophagy contributes to cell growth and has a cytoprotective effect against anticancer drugs (5-FU and gemcitabine) in PANC1 cells. Choroquine increases the cytotoxicity of 5-FU and gemcitabine by inhibiting autophagy. Possible combination therapy of these anticancer drugs and chloroquine should be further studied.