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The current trend of urbanization forces building development in urban areas, but the limitation of land in the area forces the development to be conducted upwards instead of sideways; thus, high-rise buildings will continue for decades. The façade of a high-rise building plays the most significant role in connecting the indoors and outdoors, therefore, having the most direct effect on the surrounding environment. Nowadays, glass is one of the most popular materials used in a high-rise building’s façade. The abundance of high-rise buildings with glass façades is also found in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. However, the climate condition of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area proposes challenges in designing high-rise buildings with glass façades to accommodate outdoor human comfort. This study aims to review whether people achieve human comfort in an outdoor area of high-rise buildings with glass façades in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Using literature review through content analysis, this study found that theoretically, high-rise building with glass façade does not naturally respond to the climate condition of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area in providing human comfort. However, human psychological factors need to be considered in determining whether a condition is perceived as comfortable, as occupants of an outdoor environment have different expectations than those indoors. Thus, further assessments need to be conducted to determine whether developing high-rise buildings with a glass façade is appropriate to support outdoor human comfort in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area.

This research paper aims to examine the architectural design and the publicness of a state mosque in Malaysia while taking into consideration the social inclusiveness and national identity among religious buildings within the compound and beyond the framework of religion. The research objective is to evaluate the architectural design elements in a mosque on publicness. The methodology used in this research is by reviewing literature and evaluating the Negeri Sembilan State Mosque; Seremban Mosque, as a case study of its social publicness. The finding from the research concludes that the state mosque can do more to achieve inclusivity and friendliness through architectural design elements such as perception, permeability, and territoriality of the building in relation to its context and religious adherents, as well as the larger Malaysian population. Furthermore, the significance of the finding identified that religion and religious buildings play a crucial role in sustaining unity and harmony among all ethnicity in a community with such a diverse society in order to promote further the manifestation of social inclusiveness and national unity among religious buildings and diminish the conflict in race and religion.

Mosques are places where Muslims perform prayers and other social activities. Those are built as a place for humans to worship the Almighty Allah at all times, as well as to provide an environment that responds to the needs of devotees and educates the future generation by the Quranic verses and the Prophet's teachings. Derived from the Holy Quran and the Prophet, purity is compulsory at all times for Muslims, and has many meanings that are applicable during prayers and the day. The ablution room is integrated into all mosque designs because it is an unseparated element. However, Malaysian mosques have been questioned in their application of some Islamic regulations to uniform a hygienically clean space that can respond the needs of Muslims. The design of the ablution rooms in Malaysian mosques is encountering a serious issue regarding the spaces' cleanliness. Although the ablution room has been designed to respond the Muslim's need to conduct the ablution practice and to cleanse a person spiritually and physically, several problems related to its design aspects were revealed. This research investigates the cleanliness of the Malaysian ablution space. It examines how the design aspects of the ablution rooms of the Iconic Malaysian Mosques impact the area's cleanliness and its users. Five case studies were selected for this study. Three methods of study were utilized: physical observation, architectural drawing analysis, and interviews. Aspects of design form, ventilation, cleaning status, and user experience were discussed. This research suggested that the larger mosques in Malaysia were suffering from serious hygiene issues that resulted from many aspects, including poor design, ventilation systems, and users' abuse. The research suggested some design guidelines for future and existing ablution areas that will improve the cleanliness.

Urban planning is a combination of two important factors: arts and science. It is used to facilitate the economic, social, political and physical changes of an area, including the selection of urban location, shape, and impact of urban planning. Comprehensive planning realizes the needs of the population with strong support from the local political authority. This study analyses the relationship between Ibn Khaldun's urban planning principles to Bandar Baru Bangi's urban planning and physical development. This study uses the content analysis method from the primary source of Ibn Khaldun's “Mukadimah” and government documents; the Rancangan Tempatan Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (Pengubahan 4) 2020 [RT MPKj (P4) 2020]. It is the official document that discusses the proposal of land use and physical development in the Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (MPKj) area. Special planning guidelines were used to develop Bandar Baru Bangi (BBB) as "Bandar Ilmu" (Knowledge City) and also part of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) project. Urban planning by Ibn Khaldun and the Cyber Centre Planning Guidelines by MPKj in RT MPKj (P4) 2020 have similarities and differences. It is because of the wide time interval between both (years 1344 and 2011). The impact of technology provides different views and plans in both. However, urban planning goals and objectives remain the same: to provide comfort, convenience, and peace for people to conduct daily routines while improving security and progress.

It was the norm for Muslim armies during the early period that whenever a new territory was conquered, the first establishment would be a mosque. That mosque served simultaneously as the military base, administrative office, and place for congregational prayers. However, at present, the function of the mosque institution has become more diversified and flexible. This paper aims to study the historical precedence of a mosque's function and the current perception of the mosque programs. The paper adopts the qualitative method through reviewing existing literature and analyzing the data using descriptive analysis. Recommendations are made based on the findings that show that the diversification of mosque's functions. It is highly needed in the present time as the Muslim community is facing rapid socio-cultural changes. Moreover, the inclusiveness of mosque institutions is significant to ensure the participation from all strata of community. Further research on these aspects can be done to study specific mosques in selected contexts.

The Malay cultural landscape has become an integral part of examining the cultural significance in Malaysia. Thus, the main objective of the study is to determine the impact of the visual characteristics of the built cultural landscape in conserving and preserving Kota Bharu as an aristocratic area in this modern era. Kota Bharu is one of the Islamic cities in Malaysia. This study embarks into a quantitative study using a mixed-method. A significant implication is to propose a significant model to value the Malay cultural heritage and preserve the culture and spirit among the Kelantanese Malay population who live in the modern era.

Historically, in the event of Islam's arrival in the Malay Archipelago, the ways of Islam were adapted to the lifestyle of the Malay community. It's part of modernizing traditional Malay thoughts (akliah) which is influenced by Islamic values and teachings. One of the manifestations of Islamic influence in the traditional Malay lifestyle can be identified from the design and characteristics of Traditional Malay houses, developed with underlying principles of Islam. This paper discusses the application of Islamic principles in Sarawak traditional Malay houses. The research was conducted on three traditional Malay houses chosen from Sarawak and located in Kuching, Sarawak. The methods of observation and case study were employed, focusing on the interior space of the house and certain other design components. In addition, interviews were performed with the owners of the three houses that comprised the samples and focus group discussions with 12 Malay people over 65. The findings indicate that three concepts may be related to Islam's characteristics in Sarawak: the concept of occupant social connections, residential space, and construction and design.

In learning activity processes in Islamic boarding schools, students must study and live in a dormitory. It functions to replace a residential home where the privacy aspect should be taken into consideration. This study aims to observe the privacy aspects closely related to the female students' bedrooms, covering six elements examined in five case studies, including the sex-segregated dormitories, the main function of staying, visual privacy on the dimensions height of the windows, acoustic privacy, and olfactory privacy in terms of the connection between dormitory rooms. It was found that the privacy aspect in the dormitory room still lacked attention due to the addition of space functions and bathroom facilities in it. Meanwhile, adding personal facilities, such as storage and study areas, could enhance the students' privacy. Especially for the type of student bedroom, it is necessary to provide a place for drying clothes by utilizing the balcony area. Besides that, it is required to pay attention to the type, dimensions direction of window openings so that the level of privacy of female students will be more optimal.

Corporate identity has played a vital role in the Halal industry to create a strong foundation for its reputation in the long run. This paper used two modeling analyses for two different data. The first analysis aims to predict the relationship between Corporate Identity Management between Internal Brand and Employee Brand Support (consequence) mediated by CIM using partial-least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). A total of 206 employees from Malaysia’s Halal food SMEs took part in the survey. The second analysis to identify topic proportions patterns using the topic modeling approach on Halal brand identity Machine learning approach of knowledge mining was applied for this analysis. Metadata of 1,091 articles were mined from the Scopus database on Halal studies across all social sciences fields. The result revealed that there was a partial relationship between Internal Brand (antecedent) and Employee Brand Support (consequence) mediated by CIM. This finding was supported by the identified topic proportions patterns from the topic modeling approach that pointed out a weak topic proportion on the Halal brand identity discussion globally, interestingly the result also found that the Halal brand identity discussion involving the Halal food industry is almost non-existed in Malaysia’s Halal food SMEs. The contributions of this paper were apparent in three major areas which are methodology, theoretical and future suggestions. The utilization of two different model analyses was able to confirm the consistency of the major findings with the literature review which opens up more possibilities for future researchers.

By a lack of support, appreciation, and understanding, many expressions and manifestations of intangible cultural heritage are under threat, endangered by globalization and cultural homogenization. Intangible cultural heritage has risks becoming lost forever or frozen as a practice belonging to the past if not raised in the community. To strengthen the intangible cultural heritage keeps it alive and continuity, preserving this heritage and passing it on to future generations, and allowing it to change and adapt to any situation. Quality education as a Sustainable Development Goal number 4 (SGD 4) has identified a critical priority in investigating the role of intangible cultural heritage in expanding Education for Sustainable Development. Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage can effectively contribute to sustainable development within each economic, social, and environment while also contributing to peace and security. This paper provided the literature review as an analysis method with a rationalistic approached and discussed the Living Heritage Site Conservation Education for the Community-based in Penang (Malaysia), Singapore, Philippine, and Europe. It is important to note that any efforts to conserve the intangible cultural heritage should be aimed not only at development benefits; the most important thing is to comprehend the local people’s needs. It is indispensable to promote public awareness of intangible cultural heritage conservation protection toward sustainable development using education programs to achieve cultural heritage conservation efficiency. In conclusion, the key a quality education, which brought in the Community-based Education for Living Heritage Conservation, fulfills people’s needs and helps link and empower both local people and the community to conserve the living heritage successfully.

The COVID-19 pandemic has a very broad impact. This pandemic not only affects health, but also education. This is because measures to prevent the spread of the virus require the application of physical distancing. With the application of physical distancing, conventional learning in the classroom cannot be implemented, so distance learning media is needed to continue the teaching and learning process. Learning media in an educational context is a very strategic instrument that helps determine the success of the teaching and learning process. This is because with their limitations, humans are often less able to capture and respond to things that are abstract or that have never been recorded in their memory. Media can support learning by providing a deeper understanding of the material being discussed. This study aimed to design, build and test a business simulator application integration system (SIMBIZ-Integrated) as a distance-learning medium that could help the learning process which has been disrupted due to the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, this research examines the current conditions of media utilization in distance learning and the effectiveness of the use of business application media in introductory business courses. Keywords: Distance Learning Media Integration System, Integrated Business Simulator Application (SIMBIZ-Integrated), Prevention of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The government expects the population in Greater Kuala Lumpur will grow up to 10,000,000 by 2020 under the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). The development of Malaysia is now guided by the national agenda and Vision 2020 that envisions Malaysia as a fully developed country economically, socially, politically and spiritually. Religious facility requirement for Vision 2020 states 309 new mosques have to be established to fulfill the need of the growing population. While the land constraints remain for the city of Kuala Lumpur, the necessity of the ever increasing population cannot be overlooked. This necessitates developing an innovative tool which can provide a layout for maximizing the space use within the limited boundary. This paper studies the current space use patterns and formulates design framework for the mosque as a community center in the urban fabric of Kuala Lumpur. The research method is a combination of a qualitative and quantitative approach. The sample consisted of mosques in Kuala Lumpur, and data collection technique was semi-structured interview and observation. Effective and efficient community development functions are expected from the Institution of the mosque as a community center which can enhance not only to serve and strengthen the relationship of the Muslim community but also strengthen the ties of Malaysia's multiracial society as a whole.

This study introduces the basic concepts and terminologies regarding space syntax research through a simple spatial configuration. The concepts are elaborated for intricate configurations. This study aims to deepen the understanding of how syntactical analysis can extract social information embedded in traditional architectural practice in the Malay Archipelago. The basic terminologies are outlined, and the sequential procedure for analysis is described along with its interpretation in the context of actual social phenomena. Result shows that the syntactical properties of a particular configuration within a particular region reflect the traditions of the people in that region. This study serves as a basis for the future study of the applications of space syntax to diverse spatial configurations in the Malay Archipelago. Keywords: Space syntax, Malay vernacular architecture, Culture and space, Traditional Malay house, Spatial behavior

The global Halal industry is one of the world’s fastest-growing consumer segments, as evidenced by substantial research and published papers. This paper aims to identify and characterize the factors that influence organizational performance in companies within the Halal industry. It also offers an overview of the factors influencing companies’ organizational performance in various Halal industry sectors. A systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the Web of Science, Scopus, Emerald, and Science Direct databases guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta- Analyses) protocol was used to analyze the data. The electronic database’s search results included articles focused on halal certification, halal product development, and supply chain management. A methodical review of these articles found four main factors that influence the organizational performance of halal companies: 1) the strategic management of Halal business, 2) the management of Halal requirements, 3) the understanding of consumer demands, and 4) the creation of the best organizational environment. This review provides detailed guidelines based on important research findings on how Halal organizations can manage and excel in their businesses. As a result, companies can better minimize the effect of volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments in managing the business.

Chinese Taoist temples feature distinctive architecture styles which signify Chinese descendants. Majority of these authentic designs are inherited and imitated from ancient China c. 1600–221 BC ( the Shang dynasty (商朝) c.1600-1046 BCE and Zhou dynasty (周朝) 1046-256 BC), particularly with regard to Geomancy or feng shui (风水). This paper aimed to investigate the design typology, model, and strategic design of Chinese Taoist temples constructed in the 19th century in Malaysia. Ten temples were selected for analysis, and these samples were assessed qualitatively under consolidation of building model for analyzation. Results revealed that none of the buildings formed a quadrangle; instead, these building models were merely strategized in either a rectangular or a square shape. This could be due to the topological features and scales of the buildings. The results also showed that all the sample buildings attempted to compromise the theory of quadrangle, which is a good mechanism for air ventilation. Only half of the sample buildings achieved the scientific theory of ‘efficient pollutant clearance’ for maintaining air quality within the interior of the buildings as the remaining 50% of the building samples did not have a water outlet built within the parameter of their courtyards. The findings suggest that the owners of these buildings may not have an in-depth understanding of the principle of ‘quadrangle’. Therefore, the author suggests that a model of design typology must be clearly formulated in order to conceptualize a better interior environment for Chinese Taoist temples.

While there are many heritage buildings with over 50 years of age in Malaysia, many are then left abandoned to decay. It is clear that given proper planning and consideration for conserving these existing structures, we are presented with opportunities for adaptive reuse of buildings well designed to respond to the environment through passive means, without the need to demolish or clearing the existing green sites for new constructions. However, conservation of heritage architecture is not often discussed as part of the sustainable movement of architecture. This paper will discuss the process and aspects of architectural conservation in Malaysia and its relevance to the green building guideline.

In the olden days, the passive design was taken for granted in the traditional architecture, as the technology was not so advanced. In modern days, the advance of technology has provided greater comfort with the cost of energy consumption. By foreseeing the future, the fellow profession has discussed energy efficiency, particularly in the building industry, to reduce the rate of resource depletion. Besides that, energy efficiency is also directly affecting the thermal comfort of the occupants within the building. Buildings that were constructed within the tropical region can incorporate their advantage of small temperature difference into their building design and technology. Therefore, this paper is discussing the comparison between the differences in green innovation from two buildings, which are located in two countries with a similar climate.

The establishment of a new administrative center in Putrajaya, offered an opportunity to address and to reaffirm a national architectural identity. This research attempts to document and evaluate the design direction of administrative buildings in Putrajaya in response to the issue of establishing a national architectural identity. This paper attempts to analyze the various inputs towards achieving the desired image, from the political, socio-cultural and economic contexts. Additionally, this study considers the thoughts and standpoint of the architect that was in charge of the design for the selected administrative building. This research uses a historical architectural interpretative methodology to analyze the building in situ along with literature reviews and interviews with key stakeholders. The data obtained and presented reveals the underlying issues and convictions that contributed to the formation of a national architectural identity. The research demonstrates how the architect’s design sought to emphasise the local and Islamic characteristics and thereby highlight the role of Islam within the new administrative center of Malaysia. This research will provide a critical approach to evaluate the underlying issues which help to form a national architectural identity. Keywords: National architecture identity, Putrajaya, Administrative building, Menara Seri Wilayah, Kementerian Wilayah Persekutuan

This paper considers reasons why the number of scientific publications produced in Indonesia remain low in comparison to other countries, as is the number of scientific researchers. These issues are caused by many factors, including the fact that researchers often experience difficulties in obtaining references to both books and journals that support their research, and secondly that researchers find it difficult to find research partners who have scientific similarities and interests in one research topic. The purpose of this study is to answer the above problems through the design and development of an application called thinkgather.com, an interactive medium for researchers. One of the advantages of this application is being able to connect between one researcher and another researcher in one social media. This research was designed to have 3 stages of research, namely the preliminary study and data collection stage, the planning and building stage, the limited scale trial stage. It is expected that the thinkgather.com application can become a means of researchers as a media discussion and facilitate researchers in finding partners in the research that will be carried out. Keywords: Application, Researcher, Thinkgather.com, Social Media

To develop Malaysia into the most popular Islamic tourism hub in the world, it is important to identify and promote the uniqueness of Malaysia in terms of tourist spots, facilities and Muslim-friendly practices. Currently Malaysia faces tough competition with similar Islamic tourism hubs such as Turkey and the UAE. Staying ahead in this race requires efficient ‘Rebranding’ of the tourist spots and facilities. Malaysia’s tourism potential is enhanced by its rich cultural diversity. This is reflected by the wide range of architectural styles that contribute to Malaysia’s unique architecture. This is particularly evident in the country’s mosques which are constructed in various styles reflecting colonial, modernism and modern contemporary stylistic influences inspired by a number of ethnic subcultures, foreign influences, technology utilization, and the political environment. In this research, three contemporary mosques have been selected for investigation. Generally, the architectural styles of the modern mosque can be grouped into two categories. The first category contains the modern styles which emphasize the advancement in building technology and engineering (i.e. Masjid Tunku Mizan Zainal Abidin). The second category covers the Islamic influences found in countries including Turkey, the Middle East, and Northern Africa (i.e. Masjid Putra). This research will attempt to formulate framework to re-evaluate the classifications for these two categories, before suggesting how these distinctive features might encourage Islamic tourism in Malaysia. Keyword: Tourism, Uniqueness, Contemporary Malaysian Mosque.

This research is based on the desire to increase the amount of research and the number of publications resulting from the increased ease of finding research groups and accelerating the process of disseminating information in accordance with the field of research. This study was applied to a research group consisting of 50 research lecturers from universities. This research method was conducted by comparing the ease felt by the research lecturer in using the thinkgather.com application. The analysis applied in this study is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). TAM is a method used to determine the tendency of users to use new technology. The results of the research conducted are lecturers, as users of the thinkgather.com application, who have a high desire in using this application (BI). This was obtained because respondents showed a high Perceived Usefulness (U) of 82,5% and showed a high Perceived Ease of Use (E) of 85%. Based on these results states that the research lecturer, as a user, feels increased ease of collaboration and networking. Keywords: app-based platform, networking media, thinkgather.com, user’s technology acceptance

Muslims go to mosques to congregate in prayers; some Malaysian mosques carry historical value, whereas some are simply fine works of art. The term "Iconic Mosque" has been defined by the Islamic Tourism Centre in Malaysia as “having a design which represents the modern architecture and the cultural identity of the country”. Some evidence shows that the ablution spaces in Malaysian Mosques encountered many issues regarding their cleanliness. Three methods of study were used to analyse the Federal Territory Mosque ablution spaces: physical observation, architectural drawing analysis, and interview. The research aims to improve the cleanliness of the ablution areas by studying their design aspects. The study’s significance is to evaluate the cleanliness of ablution spaces at the Federal Territory Mosque. The findings of this research revealed that using a natural ventilation system could significantly improve the cleanliness of the ablution areas if accompanied by a mechanical system. The investigation analysis discovered that a smaller ablution room design could result in an unhygienic space. The users’ abuse is one of the crucial factors that impact the ablution room cleanliness.

Providing emergency shelter for the victims of natural disasters is part of disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies. It is essential for the proper management of resources in the communities during emergency time. The approach toward providing emergency shelter to the victims varies in different contexts depending on the availability of suitable places. Organizations like IOM and FEMA have proposed a framework for appropriate planning and design of emergency shelters. These bodies also encourage local disaster management authorities in their guideline to utilize existing structures like schools, community centers, etc., as an emergency shelter for the victims. However, recent flood occurrence in India, UK, and Malaysia showed that the institution of the mosque is highly appropriate to be used as an emergency disaster shelter. This study analyzes the compatibility of mosque institution as a potential place for emergency shelter. The analysis follows the criteria set by IOM and FEMA to design properly functioning emergency shelter. Then, based on these criteria the design of common mosques is discussed considering different aspects such as location, capacity, and facilities. The institution of the mosque is also analyzed from the perspective of Islamic theology and how it is recommended for mosques to provide social and welfare services to the community. This paper recommends further study in this regard to proposing specific guidelines for the mosque so that it can be utilized as an existing structure for providing emergency shelter for disaster victims.

The concept of urban mosque stems from more extensive reasons that mostly come from the overall issues of industrialization. Considering the challenges related to rapid urban growth, public institutions, such as mosque and its compatibility is required to be assessed in the context of compact cities. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the planning and layout of six different styles of mosque in Malaysia regarding their suitability in compact urban settings. Due to its genre, the study adopts a case study as a qualitative research strategy as its research method. Content analysis is conducted on the compiled literature to indicate the expected outcome. Following a brief comparative discussion, this paper shows that mosque with modern architectural style among all six typologies is most suitable in the context of compact urban settings. Factors considered for the evaluation of mosques include layout progression of the mosque whether horizontal or vertical, provision for vertical stacking of spaces, symmetry in topology as well as in elevation and space types regarding flexible usage. The scope of this paper is limited to the assessment of literature only, which opens the window for a further in-depth study of actual case studies related to this topic.

With the establishment of a new administrative center in Putrajaya, an opportunity to address and to reaffirm a national architectural identity was presented. This research attempts to document and evaluate the design direction of administrative buildings in Putrajaya in response to the issue of establishing a national architectural identity. It will attempt to analyze the various inputs towards achieving the desired image, from the political, socio cultural as well as economic context. Additionally, it is crucial to understand the architectural identity thoughts and standpoint of the architect that was in charge of the design and implementation of the selected administrative building. This research uses a historical architectural interpretative methodology to analyze the building in place and aided with literature reviews, interviews with the relevant persons involved as well as on site direct observation and analysis of the building involved. The data obtained and presented reveals the thoughts that were the basis of forming the national architecture identity to an extent. The architect’s position in relation to achieving the design-brief but at the same time, utilizing his or her reflection and background formation. The research discovers that the architect’s design principles were to emphasize the local and Islamic characteristics to highlight the role of Islam within the new administrative center of Malaysia. The resulting outcome of this research will provide an understanding on how to critically engage in addressing architectural issues that form a national architecture identity.

Keamanan perumahan terhadap tindak kriminalitas, menjadi faktor utama seseorang memilih lokasi rumah tinggal. Tindak kriminalitas terjadi karena berbagai penyebab. Salah satu faktor penyebab timbulnya tindak kriminalitas adalah terkait dengan bidang arsitektur, yaitu bentuk site plan perumahan. Bentuk-bentuk gubahan massa ada yang mudah menimbulkan tindak kriminal, akan tetapi ada juga bentuk gubahan massa yang membuat seseorang berpikir panjang untuk melakukan tindak kriminal. Kemudahan untuk melarikan diri menjadi pertimbangan utama seseorang berani melakukan tindak kriminal. Disamping faktor fisik dalam bentuk site plan , faktor lainnya adalah budaya kekerabatan penghuni, dimana hubungan antar penghuni yang erat , akan membuat setiap orang di dalam lingkungan akan saling peduli dengan orang lainnya. Hal inilah yang mendukung keamanan lingkungan.

Mosques as a symbol of Islamic cities have a significant place in Islamic Architecture and it prompts architects to create admirable, magnificent buildings. While several studies have done on features and prototypes in this field but mainly it leaded to exaggerate dominance of dome as inseparable component of mosques. Although dome construction is costly, it is not that much adaptable to different climates and even it is not a good culture indicator of different countries, still there is a strong insist on presence of dome in mosques everywhere. This paper aims to study African mosque example which deeply relied on vernacular architecture. Various styles of design in Mali as case study investigated in terms of material, design concept, to arrive at concrete results.

In the year 1972, UNESCO has defined the term ‘Malay’ as a tribe in Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Filipina, and Madagascar. On the other hand, there was a report about two types of definition in terms of law and anthropology regarding the ‘Malay’. According to constitution in case 160(2), Malays have been defined as a person who is Islam, speaks the Malay language, practices the Malay culture and tradition, born before independence day whether in official Malay Federation grounds or in Singapore or, on the day of independence and he or she is a resident in the federation or in Singapore . A Malaysian Anthropologist, Syed Husin Ali stated that the Malay people are brown skinned, average built but robust as well as polite and rather poetic in terms of appearance . In terms of Ethnology, Malay means a group of community that practices the heritage and generation system that was once applied in Mongoloid race . the aim of this paper is to find out the meaning of ‘culture’, its importance, what is our culture and how culture can be used in this research and how culture can be considered in the design of terrace house in the future.

Green building has become an important issue among architects and urban planners due to the increment in global warming risks and climatic changes which influenced negatively on natural resources. It is also one of measures been put forward to alleviate the significant impacts of the influence of buildings on the environment, society and economy. There have been extensive studies on green buildings, as evidenced in the rapid growing number of papers been published in last decades. These studies have been conducted in both developed countries and developing countries, indicating this is a global issue. However, there is lack of extensive researches on the green buildings in Iraq that is crucial for the future exerts. This paper reports the definition of green building, the environmental, social and economical aspects of green building, and application of green building's principles in traditional housing in Iraq.

This paper is trying to analysis and proposes some design of grey water system in The National University of Malaysia (UKM) mosque in order to save environment. With proper grey water treatment, UKM Mosque will contribute to save water and UKM’s environment. This successful water treatment is also can be an alternative model to apply in another building. This environmental issue, especially water was realized by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) by starting to be a first pioneer in Green & Sustainability Campus in Malaysia. Although UKM is located in water-rich country, still UKM try to commit to save environment as well as manage its environment aspect. The usage of water in UKM itself is categorized in high level. UKM have around 20.000 students and most of them are dwelling in campus. For big campus like this, UKM had one main Mosque which accommodates some daily worship of Moslem as the majority one. For activities like ablution, washing and bathing, UKM Mosque had produce quite big amount of grey water. Grey water itself is residual water that still fresh and can be recycled for some purposes such as landscape irrigation and cleaning service. One alternative method to treats the grey water is by the usage of filter wells.

There are new buildings replacing the stock of pre-war shophouses due to the result of the city urbanisation as well as economy pressures in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur Chinatown (KLC) is one of the most visited tourist in the city of Kuala Lumpur due to its local heritage and unique character. However, the KLC’s economic growth and problem of commercialisation is overriding the heritage elements in KLC are apparent. This can be seen through the number of pre-war shophouses reducing, the sign of deterioration by lacking of maintenance, replacement by new tall buildings and et cetera. There is a need to revisiting users’ devaluation of pre-war shophouses (facades) in KLC. The study focuses in KLC which has encompassed Petaling Street, Tun H.S. Lee Street, Sultan Street and, Tun Tan Cheng Lock Street. KLC is not merely a famous tourist spot but also having its historical and heritage values, especially the facades elements. These facades referred as tangible heritage element which has formed the uniqueness to the city of Kuala Lumpur. Despite those shophouse facades’ elements in KLC having historical and heritage values, the activity of demolition, deterioration and façade modification in KLC is signalling the users’ devaluation of pre-war shophouses in KLC. The stock of pre-war shophouses could diminished eventually if there is no proper old building protection steps being carried out, such as restoration and conservation. Besides, the paper would discuss the possibility and appropriate steps for pre-war shophouses façade elements preservation as to be carried out in parallel with city urbanisation.

As a key national target, Malaysia has been trying to become a sustainable and developed country by 2020. In this way, social sustainability, one of the three pillars of sustainable development involves participation of all people and communities as well as their enjoyment of equal human rights. Based on World Health Organization (WHO), one billion disabled people with impairments live in the world. However, the social model of disability proposes that much more people are disabled due to environmental barriers. In this regard, the universal design concept has been implemented as a notion through which built environment is required to service all people with different range of abilities. Mosque buildings are the main religious spot for Muslim people and their most important community center that play a significant role in their daily lives. Accordingly, application of universal design in this built environment is crucial to cater wider range of users. Reviewing the relevant literatures, this article proposes the significance of the application of universal design as an exigency in mosque design process.

Heritage culture and building in Penang have become among value asset in Malaysia. George Town inner cities most treasure architecture are located and can divided into several zone, it culture has been moulded by the succession of civilization that arrive and shaped its urban growth. Heritage building in the inner city exposes the sense of compromise between the pioneers, earlier settlers and later immigrants. The significant heritage character of George Town, Penang is reflect upon the predominant pre war buildings, the heritage buildings dates back to between late eighteen century and early nineteenth century. This paper will consider on Penang as World Heritage City, the conservation of the buildings in Penang and also legal provision related to conservation of heritage buildings in Penang.

The development of architecture in early housing in Malaysia existed in the form of shop house and terrace house which were being introduced and popularized by Chinese migrants who settled in Malaysia before the Colonization by British Empire.This paper will discuss briefly the development of modern terrace house in Malaysia. Terrace house is define as a typology of one storey middle class terrace house in this country based on the existing literature review and our research. Those typologies will be used later for the process of typological assessment of terrace house from the cultural perspective at the end of the research. Thus, this paper is important as a step to understand the early development of terrace houses and to see how far the evolution of terrace houses happened until today.

Malaysian community centres in city like the developed countries is too bear the responsibility of providing community facilities to the urban mass. Community centre is one of the main social facilities with the purpose of facilitating community interaction and finally, contributing community development in urban areas. The study frames by in-depth interview with the deputy director of urban design, building department and professional expert in urban design project. this study assessed approaches that participations can use to evaluate critical factors for developing the community centres.A city like Kuala Lumpur, wherescarcity of spaces for community gathering and interaction is severe, it is urgent to resolve theproblems and enhance the potentials for ensuring effective and multipurpose uses of thecommunity centres. This research approaches that community centre can be a pole of community development.

Ornamentation is one of the elements in mosque which is almost considered as a compulsory element by the common people. Most of these ornaments are using the precedent from Middle East, such as geometry, floral and arabesque (Utaberta, 2014). Many architects are using revivalism approach of past architectural building such as the Putra Mosque, glorious son of Malaysia. The Putra mosque adopts distinct Islamic architecture that calls on a foreign eclectic revivalism (historicism design approach) of the Persian (Iranian) vocabulary found during the glorification of Safavid period (Utaberta 2012). Ornamentation in Islamic building has recorded in many books. describe that one of the first ornamentation in Islamic Building found in Persia which is using revivalism approach in designing ornament in its column. Ornamentation is the key element that is used in most mosques all over the world. The aim of this writing is to provide the Charles Jencks’s approaches to evaluating ornamentation system in mosque especially in Malaysia.

The concept of sustainability or green architecture is not considered a new term, it is rather a concept embodied by the traditional architecture in different parts of the world since old ages via spontaneous and experimental compatibility. This compatibility is associated with the environment and with the efficient exploitation of the resources of the natural environment in accordance with the evolution of life and its means over the years. It is obvious to everyone the fact that the teachings of the Islamic religion include a lot of the principles of sustainability, which overlap with the social organization and behavior of the humanitarian community and are reflected on the production both at the level of urban planning standards for cities and urban agglomerations or the features of the traditional architecture. This paper is an attempt to define the concept of sustainability in the references of traditional Islamic architecture, in general and housing in particular, through a review of the relationship between man and the environment and its preservation within the Islamic perspective.

Malaysia is one of the classic examples of a multi-ethnic society. The country is proud of its multiracial culture which makes it a model for other countries. The ubiquitous community hall in the Malaysian landscape, as it stands now, has long passed its time of usefulness. These halls are labelled with names like dewan serbaguna, dewan orang ramai or even balai raya. But as it stands today, the community hall in our midst is nothing more than a large empty space used for games like badminton or ping pong and the occa-sional event. The changing modern Malaysian society demands more of this simple out-dated facility; there must be a place for the various ethnic groups to meet and fulfil modern needs such as family days, health checks, child’s play, music lessons and many more important uses This paper strives to identify and analyse some of the architectural problems in current community centres in Malaysia with the focus on the spatial aspects and space usage. It is expected that this paper can give a clear picture of the problems faced by Malaysian community centres with some considerations and a framework to develop a new scheme for community centre development in the future.