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Upregulation of histone acetylation plays a critical role in the dysregulation of transcription. It alters the structure of chromatin, which leads to the onset of cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors may therefore be a promising way to limit cancer progression. In this study, we examined the effects of droxinostat on the growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells. Our results show that droxinostat effectively inhibited cell growth and colony-forming ability by inducing cellular apoptosis and ROS production in HT-29 cells. Notably, the apoptotic inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK significantly decreased the levels of cellular apoptosis and the antioxidant γ-tocotrienol (GT3) significantly decreased ROS production induced by droxinostat treatment. Z-VAD-FMK and GT3 also partially reversed the negative growth effects of droxinstat on HT-29 cells. GT3 treatment decreased cellular apoptosis and increased colony-forming ability upon droxinostat administration. Z-VAD-FMK treatment also partially decreased droxinostat-induced ROS production. Our findings suggest that the effects of droxinostat on colon cancer cells are mediated by the induction of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11658-018-0101-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Figure S2 Effects of tubastatin and PCI-34051 of cell viability in HT-29 colon cancer cells. HT-29 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of tubastatin A (A) and PCI-34051 (B). The viability of the cells was determined using the MTT assay. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The significance was determined using the one-way ANOVA. *p

Figure S1 Colony-forming assay. 100â 4000 HT-29 cells were seeded in 6-well plates. The cell culture medium was changed every two days. The colonies were counted ten days after plating (A). Plating efficiency (%) was calculated as the number of colonies observed/the number of cells plated (B). (PPTX 179 kb)

Figure S3 Effects of droxinostat, tubastatin and PCI-34051 of cell viability in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. HCT-116 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of droxinostat (A), tubastatin A (B) and PCI-34051 (C). The viability of the cells was determined using the MTT assay. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The significance was determined using the one-way ANOVA. *p