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The rate of coal mine accidents in China is still high and most coal mine accidents are caused by human unsafe behavior, and the correction of the behavior is, therefore, paramount. In this article, a group dynamics field model and a hierarchical index system of the group dynamics factors of the unsafe behavior of coal miners are established. The internal and external dynamics of groups are analyzed and the importance of each factor is calculated and determined. On this basis, suggested correction measures are put forward. Then, in combination with a questionnaire, the corrective measures of unsafe behaviors are determined and simulated. The results show that, while the correction of unsafe behaviors both in progress and after implementation can achieve good results, the former is more effective than the latter. Via the present research, both unsafe behaviors and the occurrence of coal mine accidents can be effectively prevented, and the safety of coal mine production can be ensured.

Designing lead-free inorganic perovskite or perovskite-like structure materials and researching the corresponding photoinduced charge carrier dynamics are always promising due to both the environment and power conversion efficiency considerations. In this work, we intelligently employ a bilayer metal Bi/Cu thin film with different atomic ratios as the precursor to fabricate a CuBiI4 perovskite-like film in situ with a controlled Bi gradient at room temperature. This structure can significantly affect the photoinduced charge carrier dynamics of the resulting products. Next, a series of transient surface photovoltage (TSPV) measurements are carried out to investigate the photoinduced charge carrier dynamics of such CuBiI4 and CuBiI4:organic hybrid thin films. The results reveal that the gradually decreasing Bi content from ITO to CuBiI4 can facilitate the photoinduced charge carrier transportation. Finally, a champion PCE of 1.10% is obtained for an ITO/CuBiI4:polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene (PTB7)/Au solar cell device. In particular, we find an exact negative correlation of the defined parameter L (the defined value for evaluating the photoinduced charge carrier dynamics in TSPV measurements) with the corresponding PCE of various devices for the first time, which may pave a new way for evaluating the potential photoelectric and photovoltaic performances of new materials without the assembly of solar cell devices.

Bismuth halide based semiconductors have attracted increasing attention as the next generation photodetectors because of their excellent photoelectric performance, environmental friendliness, and high-element-abundance characteristics. However, it is still challenging to prepare a thin film under normal conditions because of the instability of BiI3. In this work, we use a room temperature elemental powder reaction in ambient conditions for the easy preparation of Cu incorporated perovskite-like CuBiI4 on a large scale. The crystalline and photoelectric characteristics of the resulting CuBiI4 thin films with different initial Cu content have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and transient surface photovoltage (TSPV) studies. The CuBiI4 based photodetectors were first assembled, which showed a striking improvement in the responsivity of the photodetectors compared with pure binary BiI3. Particularly, the responsivity of the photodetector with a 1 : 1 molar ratio of copper to bismuth is 106 times larger than that with an initial molar ratio of 0 : 1 (pure BiI3). A possible mechanism for such an improvement was preliminarily discussed by taking advantage of the Hall effect measurements. Our work not only provides a universal synthetic strategy for preparing high quality Bi-based perovskite-like photoelectric materials but also presents a novel Bi-based photodetector material.

In recent years, the safety situation in Chinese coal mine enterprises has been steadily improving, however, major accidents occur occasionally. Statistics reveal that human unsafe behaviors are the main cause of accidents. In this paper, based on the Fishbone Diagram, the influencing factors of unsafe behaviors of coal miners were identified from 5 aspects including individual factors, physical environment, safety leadership, safety management, and group factors. Next, the indicators system of influencing factors of unsafe behaviors for coal miners was established, and the weights were analyzed by the Analytic Network Process (ANP). On that basis, the primary and secondary indicators of the influencing factors were ranked. The weights determined by ANP were taken as the influencing coefficients between variables, and the System Dynamics (SD) model of the unsafe behaviors of coal miners was established. The related simulations were also conducted on the intervention strategies using this model. By combining the weights determined by ANP and the simulation results based on the established SD model, the influencing factors identified were reordered. Finally, this paper proposed the combination intervention strategies mainly from the aspects of safety management, individual factors, group factors, safety leadership and physical environment, which can provide theoretical supports and method guidance for improving the safety production level of coal miners.

TRIM family proteins play an important role in antiviral innate immunity. However, the function of chicken TRIM25 (chTRIM25) protein remains unclear. In this study, we cloned the full-length of chTRIM25 gene and analyzed its function. Sequence analysis revealed that chicken TRIM25 contained a 1902-bp open-reading frame that probably encodes a 633-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 71.42 kD. Structural analysis demonstrated that the chTRIM25 protein had a RING finger domain (amino acids 21–66), B-box1 (amino acids 110–146), B-box2 (amino acids 160–189), a coiled-coil region (amino acids 208–311) and B30.2 domain (amino acids 465–633). The homology analysis showed that the amino acid sequence homology of chicken TRIM25 with duck and goose TRIM25 was from 74% to 77%, while the amino acid sequence homology of chicken TRIM25 with human and mouse TRIM25 was about 46%. We further found that chTRIM25 promoted type I interferon-mediated immune response to avian influenza virus in chicken fibroblast cells. This study will help us to further understand the host antiviral innate immune response to avian influenza virus in chickens.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses have been circulating in poultry in Asia since 2013 and producing serious diseases in chickens. Here, we analyzed the genetic properties of 10 H5N6 subtypes AIVs from geese in 2015&ndash, 2016 in Guangdong province. Phylogenic analysis showed that all HA genes of the 10 viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4, and their genes including HA, PA, PB1, M, NP, and NS all derived from Mix-like 1 (CH, VN, LS). Their PB2 genes come from Mix-like 2 (CH, VN, JP). The NA genes were classified into a Eurasian lineage. Therefore, the 10 viruses likely originate from the same ancestor and were all recombinant viruses between different genotypes. We selected A/Goose/Guangdong/GS144/2015(H5N6) (GS144) and A/Goose/Guangdong/GS148/2016(H5N6) (GS148) viruses to inoculate 5-week-old chickens intranasally with 104 EID50/0.1 mL dose intranasally to assess their pathogenicity and transmissibility. Inoculated chickens showed that the GS144 virus caused systematic infection with a lethality of 100%, but the lethality of GS148 virus was 0%. The two viruses were efficiently transmitted to contact chickens. The lethality of GS144 and GS148 virus in contact with chickens was 87.5% and 0%, respectively, which suggests that the transmissibility of GS144 virus was stronger than GS148 virus in chickens. Thus, different H5N6 viruses from the same waterfowl can show different pathogenicity and transmissibility in chickens. Continued surveillance and characteristic analysis of the H5N6 viruses will help us to keep abreast of evolution and variation in avian influenza viruses in the future.

Since 2014, H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) from clade 2.3.4.4 have been persistently circulating in Southern China. This has caused huge losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we analysed the genetic characteristics of seven H5N6 HPAIVs of clade 2.3.4.4 that infected birds in Southern China in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the HA, PB2, PA, M and NS genes as MIX-like, and the NA genes grouped into the Eurasian lineage. The PB1 genes of the GS24, GS25, CK46 and GS74 strains belonged to the VN 2014-like group and the others were grouped as MIX-like. The NP genes of GS24 and GS25 strains belonged to the ZJ-like group, but the others were MIX-like. Thus, these viruses came from different genotypes, and the GS24, GS25, CK46 and GS74 strains displayed genotype recombination. Additionally, our results showed that the mean death time of all chickens inoculated with 105 EID50 of CK46 or GS74 viruses was 3 and 3.38 days, respectively. The viruses replicated at high titers in all tested tissues of the inoculated chickens. They also replicated in all tested tissues of naive contact chickens, but their replication titers in some tissues were significantly different (p < 0.05). Thus, the viruses displayed high pathogenicity and variable transmission in chickens. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the pathogenic variation and molecular evolution of H5N6 HPAIVs in order to prevent and control avian influenza in China.

In this paper, the authors discuss the polyacrylamide-aluminum citrate/water glass gel and set the gradient on the cross-linking agent aluminum citrate to study the cross-linking agent content of polyacrylamide-aluminum citrate/water glass gel. The influence of properties, viscosity, strength and resistance characteristics, found that the water retention rate, viscosity and strength resistance of polyacrylamide-aluminum citrate/water glass gel increased first with the increase of aluminum citrate. After the reduction. Among them, when the amount of the cross-linking agent aluminum citrate is 1.2 wt%, the polyacrylamide-aluminum citrate/water glass gel performs excellent in various aspects. The optimal ratio of polyacrylamide-aluminum citrate/water glass gel is finally confirmed, which provides theoretical support for its application in coal mines.

Correction for ‘From BiI3 to CuBiI4: a striking improvement in the photoelectric performance of a novel photodetector candidate’ by Nannan Qu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 8451–8456, DOI: 10.1039/d0tc01188f.

Correction for ‘Gradient formation and charge carrier dynamics of CuBiI4 based perovskite-like solar cells’ by Haili Yu et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2020, 4, 2800–2807, DOI: 10.1039/C9SE01288E.

With China’s export trade launches extensively, and the relevant trade systems obtain the unceasing development, but the credit insurance system is not perfect, such as the speed and the scale of China’s export credit insurance system are far from the requirements of the international trade development and the related legal system requires to be further strengthened. This article analyzes the export credit insurance’s concept, characteristics and functions as well as problems of the related legal system of China’s export credit insurance at the present stage, and proposes some suggestions to strengthen China’s export credit insurance system in order to promote the improvement of related legal system, better for China’s export trade services.

China’s enterprise form adopts legal principle, lack of flexibility and innovation, which restricts the development of China’s economy. The latest revision of the company law has abolished the restriction of registered capital and loosened of market access, and has brought the opportunity and challenge to the innovation and perfection of enterprise form. This paper mainly discusses the value of the guarantee of Limited Liability Company based on the foreign experience to innovate and perfect our country’s enterprise form, and to better promote the development of the socialist market economy.

Southern China has long been considered to be an epicenter of pandemic influenza viruses. The special environment, breeding mode, and lifestyle in southern China provides more chances for wild aquatic birds, domestic poultry, pigs, and humans to be in contact. This creates the opportunity for interspecies transmission and generation of new influenza viruses. In this study, we reported a novel reassortant H1N2 influenza virus from pigs in southern China. According to the phylogenetic trees and homology of the nucleotide sequence, the virus was confirmed to be a novel triple-reassortant H1N2 virus containing genes from classical swine (PB2, PB1, HA, NP, and NS genes), triple-reassortant swine (PA and M genes), and recent human (NA gene) lineages. It indicated that the novel reassortment virus among human and swine influenza viruses occurred in pigs in southern China. The isolation of the novel reassortant H1N2 influenza viruses provides further evidence that pigs are “mixing vessels,” and swine influenza virus surveillance in southern China will provide important information about genetic evaluation and antigenic variation of swine influenza virus to formulate the prevention and control measures for the viruses.

New reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses were isolated from apparently healthy domestic ducks in Southern China in 2014. Our results show that the viruses grew efficiently in eggs and replicated systemically in chickens. They were completely lethal in chicken (100% mortality), and the mean death time (MDT) was 6 to 7 days post-inoculation (DPI). The viruses could transmit in chickens by naïve contact. BLAST analysis revealed that their HA gene was most closely related to A/wild duck/Shangdong/628/2011 (H5N1), and their NA genes were most closely related to A/swine/Guangdong/K6/2010 (H6N6). The other genes had the highest identity with A/wild duck/Fujian/1/2011(H5N1). The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that their HA genes clustered into clade 2.3.4.4 of the H5N1 viruses and all genes derived from H5 were Mix-like or H6-like viruses. Thus, the new H5N6 viruses were reassortanted of H5N1 and H6N6 virus. Therefore, the circulation of the new H5N6 avian influenza viruses may become a threat to poultry and human health.