Search

Fabrication of a nanocomposite with a low-cost and efficient synthesis method instead of using electrocatalysts based on platinum metal has become one of the main challenges in energy storage devices and fuel cells. In this regard, a bifunctional electrocatalyst for supercapacitors and oxygen reduction reaction is fabricated and tested. The novelty of this study is the synthesis method and enhancement of the electrochemical characteristics of synthesized electrocatalysts. The core-shell method is used for the electrocatalyst's synthesis which uses Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF)-8, ZIF-67, and Material Institute Lavoisiers (MIL)-101 for the fabrication of three types of electrocatalysts. In the following, to increase the characteristics such as conductivity and stability, doping of Copper (Cu), Cerium (Ce) , and Lanthanum (La) are added to the nanocomposites. The Co@NC, CoZn@NC, and CoZn@FeNC prepared electrocatalysts are obtained from the pyrolyze process of La/ZIF-67, CeCu/ZIF-8@ La/ZIF-67, MIL-101@CeCu/ZIF-8/La/ZIF-67. The results indicated that the CoZn@NC electrocatalyst has the best performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with an onset potential of 0.062 (V vs Ag/AgCl) and current density of −12.97 (mA/cm2) at a constant voltage of −1 V. Furthermore, the electron transfer number of CoZn@NC electrocatalyst for ORR was 3.64. The conducted Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) tests demonstrated that the CoZn@NC electrode has the highest capacitance of 271.14 F/g. The outcomes showed that by the core-shell method, various properties of nanocomposites can be utilized to solve the weaknesses of catalysts by using proper metals. Moreover, the presence of Cu 2 + , Ce 3 + , La 3 + improve the structural defects in the carbon matrix, the stability based on the chronoamperometry results, and the mass transfer. The study provides a perspective for future researches to fill the research gaps to obtain the new supercapacitors utilize on a large scale in the electronics industry. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of MIL and ZIF-based electrocatalysts is conducted by core-shell method. • Combination of Cu 2 + , Ce 3 + a n d La 3 + enhanced the supercapacitor and ORR's performance. • In the LSV curve, the onset potential for CoZn@NC obtained 0.064 (V vs Ag/AgCl). • The maximum electron transfer number of study was 3.64. • The specific capacity for CoZn@NC catalyst obtained 217.14 F/g at 0.5 A/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the potential of silicon, carbon, and aluminum nitride nanocages (Fe-Si76, Fe-C76, and Fe-Al38N38) for catalyzing the O3 decomposition is investigated. The possible pathways of O3 decomposition on Fe-Si76, Fe-C76, and Fe-Al38N38 nanocages by acceptable mechanisms are investigated in gas phase, water, and benzene. Results indicated that the ∆Eadoption and ∆Eformation values of Fe-Si76 nanocage are lower than Fe-C76 and Fe-Al38N38 nanocages. Results indicated that the step 5 of ER pathway with higher Gactivation values than other steps is the determining step of O3 decomposition on Fe-Si76, Fe-C76, and Fe-Al38N38 nanocages. The reaction steps of ER pathway on Fe-Si76, Fe-C76, and Fe-Al38N38 nanocages have negative ∆Greaction values and so the O3 decomposition by ER pathway is spontaneous processes in gas phase, water, and benzene. In ER pathway, the two O2 are released from Fe-Si76, Fe-C76, and Fe-Al38N38 nanocages that the ∆Greaction of these steps are − 0.038, − 0.040, and − 0.042 eV. The Fe-Al38N38 nanocage is proposed to catalyze the O3 decomposition processes by ER mechanism with acceptable catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the conversion of bones (waste of food industry) into bone char is described. The presence of calcium phosphate and graphitic carbon gives bone char unique properties, with different possible uses. The catalytic behavior of bone char modified with chlorosulfonic acid is tested as reusable and eco-friendly solid acid biocatalyst in synthesis of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives. The catalyst properties were characterized by different techniques such as FT-IR, BET, SEM, TEM, TGA, EDS and XRD. The bone char catalyst can be reused several times without reducing catalyst efficiency. In addition to the various reported benefits, the first use of bone char as a catalyst support for organic synthesis is an important novelty of this study.

In this research, some of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzo[h]chromene derivatives were synthesized by multicomponent reaction of 1‐naphthol, benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile. The reaction was performed under green conditions using water as the solvent in the presence of heterogeneous nano catalyst containing Co(II) and Cu(II) stabilized on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles/tannic acid (M–MSN/TA/Co(II),Cu(II)) at room temperature. The prepared catalyst showed excellent efficiency and its magnetic properties allow easy separation. The structure and morphology of prepared catalyst was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. All of products were obtained in high to excellent yields (78–94 %) after short reaction times (20–45 min) in optimal conditions and their structures were confirmed using FT‐IR and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. This study shows that the M–MSN/TA/Cu(II), Co(II) presents a good catalytic activity, reusability and stability compared to other catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, Gd2ZnMnO6/ZnO ceramic nanocomposites (Gd2ZnMnO6/ZnO CNCs) were fabricated by a sol-gel auto-combustion process on the basis of a reaction between Gd, Zn and Mn nitrates and saffron as a green fuel. Gd2ZnMnO6/ZnO ceramic nanocomposites were greenly formed using saffron as a novel fuel and stabilizing agent. The morphology, phase, and anatomical purity of Gd2ZnMnO6/ZnO ceramic nanocomposites could be arranged by quantity and type of fuel, temperature, and reaction period. The specimens were explored by various microscopic and spectroscopic approaches. The uncontrolled release of carbon dioxide (CO2) by industrial processes that acidify the oceans and warm the planet has prompted scientists to try different methods to capture CO2 directly from waste water sources. The fabrication of green nanocatalysts with chemical modifications to create value-added products has many benefits. Considering the morphology of Gd2ZnMnO6/ZnO, an appropriate exteriorlayer for CO2 imbibition was created in all catalystsites. Findings disclosed that Gd2ZnMnO6/ZnO positively affected the fabrication yield of 3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones by carbon dioxide, olefins, and anilines. The product was obtained with an excellent yield of 98%. This high yield was obtained in very mild conditions, such as a pressure of 2.5 atm of carbon dioxide at 80 °C for 3 h. The technique enjoyed profitable performance and forbearance of functional groups. The retrievable catalyst was recycled up to ten times for synthesis of 3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones without significant loss in its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a new nano catalyst tailored for the eco-friendly synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine via a three-component one-pot reaction involving benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and uracil. To achieve this objective, we anchored copper acetate onto the surface of layered double hydroxides modified with 1,3‑benzenedisulfonyl amide (BDSA) (LDH@PTRMS@BDSA@Cu(NO3)2), which exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity. The main benefits of this method include high product yield, swift reaction times, straightforward purification, catalyst reusability, and the employment of a mild reaction process. Furthermore, the catalyst maintained its effectiveness even after being recycled four times without notable degradation in catalytic performance.

With the work temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) lower to 400–600 °C, the use of CH 4 -based fuel gas needs to be pre-reformed into synthesis gas (H 2 and CO) to mitigate anode carbon deposition. Although lots of catalysts have been widely studied for methane conversion, the development of low temperatures (below 550 °C) catalyst for efficient methane reforming reactions remains a challenge. Here, we proposed a nanosize 5%Rh–5%Pt–5%Al 2 O 3 –85%CeO 2 composite catalyst (RPAC-550), which demonstrates excellent reforming reactions for CH 4 -based mixing fuel gases operating at 550 °C. In this work, the reforming process of RPAC-550 catalyst for dry CH 4 , CH 4 /H 2 O and CH 4 /CO 2 /H 2 O atmospheres in different ratios and operating at 550 °C were systematically studied. Then the obtained reforming gases and carbon deposition were studied thoroughly to get the optimum ratio of mixed fuel gases for SOFCs. At last, the designed RPAC-550 catalyst achieves a CH 4 conversion rate as high as 60% with water-methane ratio in 0.6. Herein, the ratio of H 2 and CO as reforming gases can be controlled precisely by adjusting the intake amount of oxidant CO 2 and H 2 O into CH 4 , which is beneficial for customizing fuel gases. In addition, the RPAC-550 catalyst exhibits remarkable catalytic stability and anti-coking ability under 600 h continue test. This work provides new insights for the rational design of efficient catalysts to reform methane-based fuel gas at 550 °C. • RPAC-550 catalyst exhibits excellent CH 4 reforming performance at 550 °C. • The reforming process for different fuel ratios were systematically studied. • The ratio of reforming gas H 2 and CO was controlled by RPAC-550 catalyst. • RPAC-550 catalyst exhibits 600 h stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sequence of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives has been intended and synthesized using cerium-loaded CuO nanoparticles as a cost-effective catalyst. NMR spectral investigations were adopted for structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds. The generous quality of this nanocatalyst is high yield product, short reaction time, and a huge variety of substrates usage. The absorption and emission behavior of triazole derivatives were examined in diverse solvents. From the emission spectral inspections, we have been perceived that the emission band is shifted to a higher energy region by reason of the solvent polarity increases. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Gram-negative such as Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Escherichia Coli (E.coli). The compounds show excellent antibacterial activity against all the bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MOF supported on the red soil was synthesized thru simple method by Cu˗MOF and red soil with ratio of 1 : 5. The structure and morphology of MOF supported on the red soil was considered by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, TGA and BET methods. The results showed MOF supported on the red soil have mesoporous nanostructure (20–25 nm). A simple and efficient synthesis of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was accomplished by three-component reaction of a mixture of aromatic aldehyde, 5-aminotetrazole and ethyl acetoacetate or methyl acetoacetate using MOF supported on the red soil as heterogenic catalyst. The reactions were carried out in water and ethanol at 70°C. MOF supported on the red soil operated as a sufficient recyclable, effective, low cost and eco-friendly catalyst for synthesis of tetrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) have been introduced as an effective heterogenous catalyst for the synthesis of 3‐indolmethyl chromones (3 a–q) under visible light conditions via the cyclization of o‐hydroxyaryl enaminones with 3‐indoleacetic acids. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized using various techniques such as FT‐IR, PXRD, XPS, FE‐SEM, EDX, TEM, and HR‐TEM analysis. The optimized reaction conditions enabled the high yield production of a wide range of 3‐indolmethyl chromones in a short timespan at room temperature under visible light and method was successfully applied to the gram‐scale synthesis. Importantly, the catalyst could be reused for up to five cycles without significant decrease in its activity. This approach aligns with eco‐friendly principles, demonstrating favorable green chemistry metrics for compound 3 a, including process mass intensity (7.83), environmental impact factor (6.83), atom economy (67.56 %), reaction mass efficiency (60.76 %), chemical yield (92.37 %), mass intensity (1.64), mass productivity (60.97 %), carbon efficiency (69.15 %) and optimum efficiency (89.93 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of this research is to synthesize a new sulfonic acid catalyst based on halloysite nanotubes (Hal-Py-SO3H) and characterize it as a solid acid nanocatalyst by various analytical techniques such as Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vibrating Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray atomic mapping. Furthermore, this new catalyst was evaluated in synthesizing spiropyran derivatives via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and Xanthen derivatives under environmentally sustainable conditions. The main advantages of this approach include green conditions, excellent yields, quick reaction rates, and ease of preparation. Additionally it was observed that the catalyst exhibited robust stability even after multiple recycling processes, indicating its potential for practical applications in sustainable chemical transformations.

The aim of this research is to synthesize a new sulfonic acid catalyst based on halloysite nanotubes (Hal-Py-SO3H) and characterize it as a solid acid nanocatalyst by various analytical techniques such as Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vibrating Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray atomic mapping. Furthermore, this new catalyst was evaluated in synthesizing spiropyran derivatives via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and Xanthen derivatives under environmentally sustainable conditions. The main advantages of this approach include green conditions, excellent yields, quick reaction rates, and ease of preparation. Additionally it was observed that the catalyst exhibited robust stability even after multiple recycling processes, indicating its potential for practical applications in sustainable chemical transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a highly effective heterogeneous Pd catalytic system was conceived by immobilizing Pd(II) onto a substrate composed of covalent organic polyimide frameworks (PI‐COF). The synthesized catalyst underwent comprehensive characterization using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller [BET]), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). Subsequently, the catalytic activity of this immobilized Pd catalyst was explored in the context of the Suzuki reaction. The reactions at 70°C up to 1 h under a normal atmosphere in water result in biaryls at good to excellent yields (>90%). More importantly, the leaching of Pd(II) during the reaction process could be negligible (about 0.5 ppm), which is crucially important when preparing bioactive species. The loading of Pd(II) ions on the PI‐COF was 0.49 mmol/g. The catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in catalyzing a wide range of aryl halides (excluding aryl chlorides) when reacted with phenylboronic acid under environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Notably, the catalyst exhibited robust recyclability, retaining its catalytic activity throughout 5 reaction cycles without any significant decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the disposal challenges posed by the availability of agro wastes, nano-catalysts have been reported used the synthesis from the wastes for the biodiesel. Therefore, this study employed the catalyst derived from the acidified corn stock for the synthesis of biodiesel from agricultural waste oilseeds of Carica papaya. The oil was extracted from the seed via a continuous process, the quality of the oil was determined, and the biodiesel was synthesized using nanocatalysts developed from the corn stock. Catalyst characterization was carried out using electric potential charge (ZETA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF-FS), and brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) analysis. Process optimization was carried out by considering three variables in both the cases of oil extraction and biodiesel production via RSM-BBD and ANN-GA. The produced biodiesel was quantified by property determination, and the catalyst reusability test was carried out to ascertain the strength of the developed catalyst.Results reflected that the seed was rich in oil (44.14 % (wt./wt.)), and the oil was acidic (acid value = 3.680 mg KOH/g Oil). The produced acidified catalyst from corn pods showed the presence of heteroatoms, including mica-phylosilicates in the corn pod, but carbon produced a higher concentration (71.45 %wt.). The validated optimum biodiesel yield of 99.06 % (wt./wt.) at a cat. amount of 3.96 (g), reaction time of 72.42 min, and EOH/OMR of 1:5.99 were recorded. The qualities of biodiesel were in conformity with the biodiesel recommended standard. The catalyst reusability test showed the developed catalyst to possess a stable adsorption capacity, charge imbalance, and non-expanding behavior during transesterification.This study concluded that RSM-BBD with cubic polynomial techniques shows superiority over ANN-GA in conversion of Carica papaya seed oil to biodiesel in a catalytically acidified environment with corn pods, and the produced biodiesel could serve as an alternative environmentally friendly fuel.

The current research proposed the work on the consumption of waste cooking oil (WCO) as a valuable resource for the production of biodiesel. This study focuses on maximizing output yield by employing composite heterogeneous catalysts, namely calcinated calcium oxide with aluminum oxide (CaO/Al2O3) and calcium oxide with titanium oxide (CaO/TiO2). The calcination process was adopted for the catalysts at 600°C for 5 h to improve catalytic activities and to increase surface area. XRD and TGA were implemented to analyze the crystal structure and thermal stability of these heterogeneous catalysts. Experimentation was planned by implementing the response surface methodology (RSM) approach in combination with the BoxBehnken design. The optimum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was experimentally observed at 96.56%, using CaO/Al2O3 at methanol to oil (m/o) molar ratio of 11.9:1, 3.19% catalyst loading, 53.79°C and 76.86 minutes (min). The maximum experimental yield with CaO/TiO2 was observed at 98.15% with the optimized operating conditions of independent process variables viz. m/o molar ratio 11:99, 2.53 wt.% catalyst loading and 68.14 min at 59.79°C. The research recommends the potential use of WCO and both the heterogeneous catalysts for optimal biodiesel yield; however, CaO/TiO2 exhibits superior performance over CaO/Al2O3, which is also confirmed by the XRD and TGA results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthetic methods are currently preferred in industry over other physicochemical methods. Herein, we present a facile, environmentally friendly, non-toxic approach for the fabrication of MgO using jamun fruit extract. The phytochemicals present in the fruit extract, such as kaemferol, glucoside, anthocyanins, ellagic acid, myricetin, and isoquercetin, facilitate the bio-reduction of Mg(NO3)2. Pure and Sm3+ (1–7 mol %) doped MgO nanomaterials were synthesized using this bio-mediated synthetic method. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nanomaterials were studied using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The effect of Sm3+ ions on the host matrix for the photo-catalytic oxidation of Fast Orange-Red (FOR) dye was investigated under UV light irradiation. MgO: Sm3+(3 mol %) exhibited superior (94 %) degradation of the dye compared to pristine and other doped catalysts, attributed to the maximum migration of charge carriers at the catalyst's surface. Additionally, the 3 mol % Sm3+ doped MgO electrode demonstrated a smaller charge transfer resistance, indicating superior capacitive properties compared to pristine and other doped electrodes. The synthesized materials also exhibited effective bacterial activity against pathogens. This research demonstrates the potential of the synthesized nanomaterials for environmental pollution purification, as well as their utility as electrode materials for supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, and antibacterial applications.

In this research, a novel method for manufacturing silicon (Si) nanoparticles (NPs) has been proposed. The process involves the use of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and acrylic acid (AA) to induce Si NPs-AA polymerization. Si particles of varying sizes and an AA dispersion solution were subjected to UV radiation, leading to the formation of Si NPs coated with AA polymer, which separated to the top due to the volume increase. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the reaction between Si and AA by verifying the peak positions of the newly formed Si–C bond. The physical and chemical particle size measurements revealed that the Si NPs were surrounded by short-chain AA polymer clusters, accounting for approximately 15% of the cluster weight. Moreover, the Si particles' oxidation temperature in the Si NPs-AA cluster significantly decreased to about 450 °C. This technology holds promising potential for use in luminescent semiconductor materials, as it enables the selective separation of Si NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the enhancement of wheat straw and coffee husk waste used as a biogas source for energy production using iron nanocatalysts from neem leaf extract. In line with this the synthesized neem leaves extract of Iron nanocatalyst was characterized for the morphological and functional group. To achieve this, thermal acid pretreatment was carried out using equal proportions of blended wheat straw with coffee husks and subjected to the anaerobic digester with 0.3 g/L of neem leave extract Fe–O nanocatalyst to improve biogas production. The influence of temperature, the concentration of Sulfuric acid, and cooking time during the pretreatment to improve biogas yield was investigated. Response surface methodology of Box–Behnken Design (BBD) during the thermochemical pretreatment is employed. The biomass was pretreated at 160 °C temperatures, 3% concentration of sulfuric acid, and 30 min of cooking time. The highest cumulative biogas and biomethane obtained from the biomass were 764 mL/g and 460 mL/g Volatile solid. Augmentation of neem leaves extract of Iron nanocatalyst enhanced the methane gas yield with volatile solids up to 89.5%. Therefore, the use of pretreatment for the catalysis of lignocellulose substrates is advantageous for the creation of a process that is both economical and environmentally friendly. The produced biogas energy could be used as a substitute for fossil fuels for various purposes while mitigating important environmental pollution problems and enhancing sustainable energy utilization. In considering 'waste to energy' for the production of sustainable energy from waste and fulfilling the energy demand is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional synthesis methods of imines are limited by expensive catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, and low atomic efficiency. The one-pot synthesis of imines using nitrobenzene and benzaldehyde is a promising reaction path. Transition metal catalytic transfer hydrogenation offers advantages in terms of safety. It has attracted the attention of industrial production and academia as an alternative to conventional hydrogenation processes. Herein, we report an environmentally friendly Co/g–C3N4 nanocatalyst that uses inexpensive cobalt as the fundamental source of feedstock; formic acid is applied as the hydrogen donor, and the yield of the synthesis method can reach 96% under mild conditions. Besides, the catalyst proved to be stable and efficient despite five successive cycles of testing. Moreover, the excellent catalytic activity was demonstrated to be derived from the Co–Nx site based on the mechanistic analysis and characterization. For this work, a pathway will be developed to produce transfer hydrogenation of nitro compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiAlH 4 , known for its high hydrogen capacity and metastable nature, is a promising hydrogen source under mild conditions. However, its reversible regeneration from stable binary dehydrogenation phases (LiH/Al) is thermodynamically and kinetically hindered. By constructing a homogeneous and highly dispersed molecular layer of TiCl 4 on the surface of the Al reactant to enhance the kinetics of the multiphase interfacial reaction, we achieved the direct mechanochemical synthesis of nano-LiAlH 4 , bypassing the intermediate phase Li 3 AlH 6. Using the strong Lewis acidity of Ti4+, TiCl 4 was chemically adsorbed onto the surface of the Al powder through Ti-O-Al bonds, with a loading capacity of only 0.696 wt%. The obtained TiCl 4 surface-modified Al powder and LiH were hydrogenated by ball milling for 10 h under hydrogen pressure to synthesize nano-LiAlH 4 , which was then dehydrogenated at room temperature. This indicates that the crucial effects of the catalytic sites were dispersed on the reactant surface to ensure the local environment of the multiphase absorption/desorption hydrogen reaction interface and promote the reaction kinetics. [Display omitted] • Using the strong Lewis acidity of Ti4+, 0.696 wt% TiCl 4 was chemically adsorbed onto the surface of the Al powder through Ti-O-Al bonds. • Nano-LiAlH 4 was directly synthesized from the TiCl 4 catalyst surface-modified Al powder and LiH by hydrogen reactive ball milling, bypassing the intermediate Li 3 AlH 6. • The highly dispersed surface of the catalyst provided more active sites for the multiphase reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction kinetics at the interface between LiH, Al, and H 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing smart electrodes is the key to the efficient water splitting for the production of large scale hydrogen as a clean energy source. In this study, we prepare an organic chiral molecule modified Au–Ni bilayer thin film electrode to examine the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect on water splitting. Electrodes with bilayer configuration consisting of thin Ni layer (100 nm) with an Au over layer (10 nm) are prepared on glass substrates by combined sputtering, thermal evaporation techniques. Subsequently, self-assembled monolayer of chiral L-Cysteine molecule is immobilized on the as-prepared Ni/Au surface by chemisorption method. The electrocatalytic behaviour of as-modified chiral electrodes (Ni/Au/Cys) has been investigated in 0.1 M KOH solution. Our results show that for achieving the current density of 5 mAcm−2 the reaction over potential decreases by 390 mV while 5-fold increase in the current density value is achieved at a fixed over potential with chiral Ni/Au/Cys thin film compared to the achiral (bare) bilayer Ni/Au thin film during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The dramatic reduction of over potential for OER has been attributed to the spin specific reaction occurring at the chiral Ni/Au/Cys electrodes during water splitting. On the other hand, we observe that there is a decrease of 260 mV over potential with more than 11-fold increase in the absolute current density value (∼153 mAcm−2 at −0.6 V) for Ni/Au/Cys thin film than bare Ni/Au thin film in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The excellent bifunctional catalytic property of Ni/Au/Cys has been attributed to the synergistic effect of chirality and bilayer configuration present in the primary structure of cysteine molecule and Ni/Au thin films respectively. • L-Cysteine coated Au–Ni bilayer thin film device as a bifunctional catalyst. • CISS effect induced enhanced catalytic activities for OER and HER. • 390 mV decrease in over potential with 5-fold increase in current density for OER. • 260 mV decrease in over potential with 11-fold increase in current density for HER. • Efficient chiral molecule based device for water splitting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning rate of solid propellants can be effectively improved by adding catalysts and using smaller size ammonium perchlorate (AP). Although few reports, the exploration of changing the size of AP primary particles by catalysts is of great significance for improving combustion performance. Here, taking Co‐bipy as an example, the potential advantages of such materials as AP decomposition catalysts are reported. Due to the existence of NO3− combined with oxygen rich environment provided by AP, the structural self‐transformation from micronrods to nanoparticles can be quickly realized during the heating process. More importantly, when Co‐bipy decomposes, it can play the role of "scalpel" and in situ cut AP particles. Results show that high‐temperature decomposition of Co‐bipy/AP occurs at 305.8 °C, which is 137.5 °C lower than that of pure AP. Catalytic mechanism is discussed by in situ IR and TG‐IR, CoO can effectively increase the content of reactive oxygen species and weaken the N–H bond, realizing the rapid oxidation of NH3. Eventually, the behavior of Co‐bipy cutting AP particles is tested. This interesting catalyst structure self‐transformation behavior can not only realize the influence on AP, but also perform a positive function in the combustion process of solid propellants, such as opening the adhesive AP interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of microreactor on the synthesis of nano-combustion catalysis, the nano copper 2,4-dihyoxybenzoicacid catalysis were synthesized with Cu/NO3)2, and 2,4-dihyoxybenzoicacid as primary substances by using as star-type microreactor. The obtained samples were characterized by laser size analysis (LSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2, adsorption-desorption, scanning electronic microscophy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis(TG). The effects of the preparation conditions on the average particle size, crystal type. SBET and morphology of the catalysts were also studied. The results show that the morphology of the catalyst presents a regular-shaped sheet when the preparation conditions are at room temperature, and the better velocity of flow of the microreactors is 1mL/min, and the mixed time is 15 min. The catalyst sheet with a size of 100nm and a specific surface area of 21.626 m²/g was obtained. The DSC results showed that the copper 2,4,dihydroxybenzoate- 15 with the mixing timeof 15 min reduced the peak temperature decomposition of RDX from 242.3 °C to 239.1°C, which indicates that the catalyst exhibits better catalytic efficiency for thermal decomposition of RDX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double perovskite (DP) oxides are promising electrode materials for symmetric solid oxide cells (SSOCs) due to their excellent electrochemical activity and stability. B-site cation doping in DP oxides affects the reversibility of phase transformation and exsolution, which plays a crucial role in the catalyst recovery. Yet, few studies have been conducted on this topic. In this study, the Sr 2 Fe 1.5-x Co x Mo 0.5 O 6-δ (CSFM, x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) DP system demonstrates modulated exsolution and phase transformation reversibility by manipulating the oxygen vacancy concentration. The correlation between Co-doping level and oxygen vacancy concentration is investigated to optimize the exsolution and phase transformation properties. Sr 2 Fe 1.2 Co 0.3 Mo 0.5 O 6-δ (3CSFM) exhibits reversible transformation between DP and Ruddlesden-Popper phases with a high density of exsolved CoFe nanoparticles under redox atmospheres. The quasi-symmetric cell with 3CSFM shows a peak power density of 1.27 W cm -2 at 850 °C in H 2 fuel cell mode and a current density of 2.33 A cm -2 at 1.6 V and 800 °C in H 2 O electrolysis mode. The 3CSFM electrode exhibits robust stability during continuous operation for ≈700 h. These results demonstrate the significant role of B-site doping in designing DP materials capable of dynamic phase transformation in diverse environments., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

NiFe2O4 nanoparticles are modified by graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and utilized to stabilize the Al(III) nanoparticles as a novel magnetically retrievable catalytic system (Al(III)/GQDs/NiFe2O4) for green formation of benzothiazoles by means of aromatic aldehydes and 2-aminothiophenol reaction. The prepared catalyst can be isolated assisted by the assistance of an external magnet and recovered for five courses without significant reduction in its efficiency. The as-prepared magnetic heterogeneous nanocomposite was characterized by UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDS, VSM, TEM, and ICP. Performing the reactions in environmentally friendly and affordable conditions (water), the low catalyst percentage, high yield of products, short reaction times, and easy workup are the merits of this protocol.

Abstract Burning rate of solid propellants can be effectively improved by adding catalysts and using smaller size ammonium perchlorate (AP). Although few reports, the exploration of changing the size of AP primary particles by catalysts is of great significance for improving combustion performance. Here, taking Co‐bipy as an example, the potential advantages of such materials as AP decomposition catalysts are reported. Due to the existence of NO3− combined with oxygen rich environment provided by AP, the structural self‐transformation from micronrods to nanoparticles can be quickly realized during the heating process. More importantly, when Co‐bipy decomposes, it can play the role of “scalpel” and in situ cut AP particles. Results show that high‐temperature decomposition of Co‐bipy/AP occurs at 305.8 °C, which is 137.5 °C lower than that of pure AP. Catalytic mechanism is discussed by in situ IR and TG‐IR, CoO can effectively increase the content of reactive oxygen species and weaken the N–H bond, realizing the rapid oxidation of NH3. Eventually, the behavior of Co‐bipy cutting AP particles is tested. This interesting catalyst structure self‐transformation behavior can not only realize the influence on AP, but also perform a positive function in the combustion process of solid propellants, such as opening the adhesive AP interface.

The magnetic nano catalyst mediated synthesis of heterocycles is one of the most fascinating fields of chemistry due to its proven applicability in high-efficiency, eco-friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalytic system. In order to design a novel Ni 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 /f-MWCNTs–CS–Asp/Ni2+ magnetic heterogeneous catalyst, Ni 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 -decorated multi walled CNTs were modified with crosslinked chitosan with l -aspartic acid entrapped Ni2+ nanoparticles. This nano catalyst showed significant catalytic activity in the synthesis of biologically potent novel seven membered heterocycles embracing fused 1H-benzo [4,5]imidazo [1,21,2-b][1,2,4]triazepine skeleton. Owing to its interesting structure and being an important pharmacophore fragment, it was endeavored to exploit its synthesis. For the first time considering an exquisite and accomplishable access to construct (Kaur et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2006; Stern, 1980) [1,2,4]triazepine framework. In addition, the structures of synthesized heterocycles and morphology of nano catalyst were corroborated on the basis of various spectroscopical and microscopical techniques. Furthermore, employing ultrasonication as energy source in the synthesis of magnetic nano catalyst employing 3R's (reduce, recycle and reuse), mild reaction conditions with appreciable yield along with no consumption and production of hazardous chemicals put it under the umbrella of green and sustainable approach. [Display omitted] • Environmentally benign ultrasound assisted synthesis of Ni 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 /f-MWCNTs-CS-Asp/Ni2+. • Catalytic activity, dispersion properties and surface morphology of catalyst. • Green synthesis of 1H-benzo [4,5]imidazo [1,2-b] [1,2,4]triazepine skeleton. • Calculation of eco scale factor for synthetic route to heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual nickel/carbon nitride (Ni/g‐C3N4) photocatalyst was employed for the synthesis a wide range of amide derivatives by cross‐coupling reaction of benzamides with aryl halides. Also, oxidative amidation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with primary and secondary amines has been investigated. The synthesis of various derivatives of esters was performed based on the cross‐coupling reaction between carboxylic acids with aryl halides. Surprisingly, decarboxylation of carboxylic acid derivatives occurred under ambient conditions for the synthesis of biaryl derivatives. The reactions were run solvent‐free or in environmental benignant solvents, with recyclable photocatalysts under irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High pollution, low-productivity, formation of by-products, and costly recovery of the vitamin are the challenges in common vitamin K3 synthesis methods on the industrial scale. These have encouraged us to design and characterize novel magnetic dendrimer nanoparticles based on silica-coated iron oxide (SCIO-(l5/l8)-G2.0) for nano-encapsulation of Pd, Mn, and Co to highly efficiently selectively synthesize vitamin K3. The CHN, BET, ICP, AAS, TEM, FESEM, TGA, DLS, EDS and XPS techniques were employed to intensively identify the obtained dendritic catalysts. Furthermore, the chemical stability of dendritic catalysts and influence of four various experimental factors were assessed by long-term study and response surface methodology analysis, respectively. The characterization results confirmed that all dendritic catalysts have a quasi-spherical morphology with mean size 20–30 nm, which could provide abundant active sites, high specific surface area and also increase the contact efficiency between the active sites and reactants. These results illustrated that the catalytic efficiency (TOF) depend strongly on the chemical structures as well as Lewis sites and natures (SCIO-l8-G2.0-Pd(II) > SCIO-l8-G2.0-Co(II) > SCIO-l8-G2.0-Mn(II) > SCIO-l5-G2.0-Pd(II)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of reusable nano‐catalysts has grown rapidly over the last decade. Recently, transition metal catalysed organic reactions have attracted considerable interest from the pharmaceutical and organic chemistry fields. Synthetic procedures based on such heterogeneous nanocatalysts are easier, less expensive, non‐toxic, and eco‐friendly, producing only the most desirable products in higher yields and allowing for easy catalyst separation. Heterogeneous nano‐catalysts were highly preferred over homogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds due to their effective separation processes for both products and catalysts. According to recent studies, nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of heterocyclic compounds. Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in a variety of organic reactions due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratio. Most importantly, after the reaction is complete, easy magnetic separation of the catalyst minimises the requirement for catalyst filtration. Additionally, magnetic NPs, particularly supported magnetic nanocatalysts, have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial research due to their effectiveness as alternatives to traditional materials, their ease of separation via an external magnet, and their high degree of chemical stability in a variety of organic and inorganic solvents. To reach its depth, this review is focused on the most recent examples, their preparation, synthetic strategies and recycling studies of highly excited catalytic systems used for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of environmentally friendly hydrogen (H2) as a clean fuel in massive scale requires safe and efficient storage and generation systems. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis is one of suitable methods for Hydrogen production. However, requirement to expnsive noble metals catalysts limits its commercial usage. In this research, for development of cheap non-noble metal catalysts with high activity and stability, cupper- iron nano catalysts (Cu-Fe) with different mole ratios of (1:1), (3:1) and (1:3) were synthesized and their performane are compared with each other and with pure Cu. According to obtained results, Cu-Fe catalyst with 1:1 mole ratio has the largest specific surface area (170.4 m2/g) in comparision with other sysnthesized catalysts and pure Cu. Hydrogen generation over this catalyst is five times more than produced hydrogen over pure Cu. Then, effect of some stablizers such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), tetradecyltrimethylammo- nium bromide (TTAB), sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) and Triton X-100 on Cu:Fe (1:1) performanec are investigated. It was shown that produced hydrogen over Cu:Fe (1:1) stablized Triton-X-100 catalyst is 35% higher than Cu:Fe (1:1) catalyst without stabilizer. Also, the stability of this catalyst is significat and it maintains 70% of its original activity after five usage periods of NaBH4 hydrolysis. Ultimatley, Cu:Fe (1:1) stablized Triton-X-100 nano catalyst can be utilized as an active and stable catalyst for NaBH4 hydrolysis and H2 generation.

Disposal of waste tyres is a major concern today. Among the various recycling techniques available, pyrolysis is one of the eco-friendly processes that transforms waste tyres into oil and gas with carbon-rich residue. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of nano catalyst derived from eggshells on the yield and composition of the products from pyrolysis. The nano catalyst is prepared by size reduction and calcination of waste eggshells which is further characterized and used to catalyze pyrolysis process. It is observed that the yield of liquid fuel from the resultant product increases with a considerable decrease in sulfur content which is because of its entrapment and entrainment in solid and gaseous products. Similarly, a considerable decrease in the process temperature is also observed in which a maximum oil yield of 95 wt% was obtained at 455ºC when compared to the total oil recovered at 550°C. On the other hand, the same recovery was obtained at 496ºC in thermal pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, biodiesel was prepared using fat from tannery waste in the presence of a nanocatalyst, Ferric-Manganese Doped Sulfated Zirconia (Fe-Mn-SO4/ZrO2). After its preparationthe catalyst was characterized by modified wetness impregnation method. The effect of the various parameters influencing the biodiesel process was studied and optimized. A maximum biodiesel yield of 96.6 wt% was obtained when the optimized conditions were 12:1 methanol to fat, catalytic loading of 6 wt% at 65°C with a stirring rate of 450 rpm for 300 min. Furthermore, a catalyst reusability study was conducted to check the performance during recycling. It was observed that the catalyst can be recycled upto five times giving an yield above 90 wt%. Finally, the biodiesel properties were analyzed and compared with ASTM standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite nanowire (HAnW), a novel synthesized biocompatible material without any transition metals, was applied to catalytic degradation of antibiotics. Importantly, tetracycline (TC), a common drug, could be rapidly adsorbed and catalytically degraded by HAnW, and the removal reached 85% within 5min at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some novel 5,8-diaryl-5,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6(4H)-one derivatives are prepared via one-pot reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 2-aminotetrazole and cyanoacetamide using two different types of catalytic systems including nano-magnetic catalyst supported with functionalized 4-amino-pyridine silica (MNPs@SiO2-Pr-AP) and NEt3. The highlighting points of using MNPs@SiO2-Pr-AP are easy purification, reusability of the catalyst, good yields of products with short time reactions compared with NEt3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pre-treatment of tannery wet-blue wastewater was examined using photo-oxidation of green synthesised iron nanocatalyst. The major variables which can influence of photo-oxidation process for tannery chrome wastewater were screened by response surface methodology coupled with Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Dosage of nanocatalyst, reaction time and pH were selected as effective process variables for photo-oxidation process. The treatment of photo-oxidation of green synthesised iron oxide with chrome wastewater showed Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of 96.64%, chromium removal 89.43% and colour removal of 97.5%, respectively. The persuade result showed that photo-oxidation of green synthesised iron oxide nanocatalyst was found to be an effective method for tannery chrome wastewater with low cost. The pre-treated chrome wastewater was post-treated by the Reverse Osmosis process (RO) to improve the quality of water and made it suitable for reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen generation through hydrolysis of sodium borohydride was examined over a series of supported cobalt nano particles as novel catalysts. For the first time extracted Glucomannan from Orchis Mascula used as a suitable matrix for preparation and stabilization of cobalt catalysts. Insoluble glucomannan obtained by polymerization reaction in the presence of MBA cross-linker and MAA monomer. Size, morphology and hydrogen generation activity of Co-glucomannan powders are studied by varying MAA/MBA ratios. XRD, XPS, FE-SEM and TEM techniques were used to characterization of obtained catalysts. All nano catalysts are formed in amorphous phase. Electron microscopic images confirmed that almost all particles are less than 10 nm. It is shown, cobalt particles are dispersed on the surface of glucomannan polymer without agglomeration. Catalytic activity of obtained Co-glucomannan are tested on hydrogen generation over hydrolysis of sodium borohydride reaction. Kinetic studies were applied to determine partial order respect to catalyst dosage and initial concentration of sodium borohydride. Finally, Arrhenius equation was used to find activation energy of hydrolysis sodium borohydride reaction over Co-glucomannan nano catalyst. [Display omitted] • Cross-linked Glucomannan supported nano Cobalt was synthesized. • MAA/MBA and cobalt content are examined on size, morphology and catalytic activity. • TEM depicts that almost all particles are less than 10 nm. • Kinetic study of obtained Co-glucomannan is tested on hydrogen generation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herein, we report a chemoselective insertion of CO2 into unsaturated alkyne substrates under ambient conditions, which is achieved over poly (sulfobetain methacrylate) (p(SBMA)) supported Cu2O nanocatalyst (Cu2O/p(SBMA)) and a series of 3a,4-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-ones, can be obtained in excellent yields. Cu2O/p(SBMA) presents high performance for environment pressure activation and interpolation of CO2 into unsaturated alkyne substrates. This provides an attainable and competent catalyst for interpolation of CO2 into aryl alkynes, and binding allylic chlorides through SN2 mechanism in order to produce efficient ester and lactone heterocycles that are supposed to have favorable utilizations. All in all, these findings signify practical methods of hybrid catalyst development for detailed alterations, including CO2 employment in a green and sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main approach of this study was to investigate the effect of the type of synthesis method on the improvement of catalyst performance in Fischer–Tropsch reaction. For this purpose, a series of the novel catalysts were synthesized using iron and cobalt nitrate salts, tetraethoxysilane and novolac phenolic resin by different method. These catalysts were abbreviated as M1–Co–Fe–novolac/SiO2, M2–Co–Fe–novolac/SiO2, and M3–Co–Fe–novolac/SiO2 and characterized using different techniques. The results of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Fourier transform infrared techniques showed that M2–Co–Fe–novolac/SiO2 catalyst has a higher surface area than the other two ones. This catalyst was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and temperature-programed reduction (TPR) techniques. The XRD results confirmed the appearance of suitable active phases, such as metal phase, carbide, and low oxidation state of metals. Based on TPR results, the lower reduction temperature, compared with similar samples, confirmed the high activity of the M2–Co–Fe–novolac/SiO2 catalyst. Catalytic activity and selectivity for Fischer–Tropsch reaction were investigated in the standard conditions by using catalytic tests. The high conversion percentage of CO indicated high activity of the catalyst. On the other hand, the olefin to paraffin ratio (O/P), which was a criterion for catalytic efficiency in industrial, was also acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of catalyst is of great importance for a long-term operation. In this paper, the hydrodesulfurization stability and deactivation mechanism of unsupported nano MoS2 catalyst was examined with light cycle oil as feedstock under an extreme hydrotreating condition for 160 h. A typical supported catalyst was also studied for comparison purpose. The results show that the activity of nano MoS2 can be well maintained after initial deactivation in the first 60 h time-on-stream. Less coke was found on spent nano MoS2 than on the spent supported catalyst, though coke deposition is identified as the main cause of deactivation for the nano catalyst. Without acidic supports, only soft coke is formed on the surface of catalyst. Unlike the supported catalyst, decomposition of active phase played a minor role in the deactivation of nano MoS2.

Over the past several decades, the fabrication of novel ceramic nanofibers applicable in different areas has been a frequent focus of scientists around the world. Aiming to introduce novel ceramic core-shell nanofibers as a magnetic solid acid catalyst, Fe2O3@SiO2–SO3H magnetic nanofibers were prepared in this study using a modification of Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanofibers with chlorosulfonic acid to increase the acidic properties of these ceramic nanofibers. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The prepared nanofibers were used as catalysts in formamide and formamidine synthesis. The treatment of aqueous formic acid using diverse amines with a catalytic amount of Fe2O3@SiO2–SO3H nanofibers as a reusable, magnetic and heterogeneous catalyst produced high yields of corresponding formamides at room temperature. Likewise, the reaction of diverse amines with triethyl orthoformate led to the synthesis of formamidine derivatives in excellent yields using this novel catalyst. The catalytic system was able to be recovered and reused at least five times without any catalytic activity loss. Thus, novel core-shell nanofibers can act as efficient solid acid catalysts in different organic reactions capable of being reused several times due to their easy separation by applying magnet.

DFNS is functionalized by using graphene oxide (GO) (N-enriched GO) as a robust anchor. Hence, the metal nanoparticles (NPs) are well-dispersed without aggregation over the DFNS/GO (DFNS/GO/X, X = Pd, Au, Cu). For preventing the restacking of graphene sheets, the supramolecular polymerized GO behaves not only as a spacer but also as a nitrogen source for producing active centers in the case of metal NP attachments. In this way, the nitrogen over the level of the GO sheets adjusts with copper ions in order to synthesis palladium nanoparticles. Water pollution is known as a significant global concern that can threat the entire biosphere and can influence the lives of many millions of people in the world. Water pollution can make many diseases and millions of people die annually due to illness caused by the dirty water. 4-nitrophenol and also 2-nitroaniline, which have been specified as hazardous toxic. In addition, wastes contaminants are in USEPA's list. Therefore, developing novel approaches are essential in order to eliminate these waste contaminants. In the case of the synthesize of colors and drugs, powerful performers o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) and powerful performers were intended as considerable intermediate that preparation from 2-NA as well as 4-NP. As-prepared DFNS/GO/X (X = Pd, Au, Cu) nanostructures are used for the 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitroaniline reduction that causing high efficiency of the reaction by taking into account of chemoselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently CO2 stabilization has received a great deal of attention because of its probable applications as a rich C1 resource and the synthesis of several fine chemicals can be accomplished through this stabilization. In this study, Sn(IV) doping dendritic fibrous nanosilica (SnD) supported PrVO4 nanoparticles as a catalyst (PrVO4/SnD) was synthesized by a in-situ procedure. The SnD with the ratios of Si/Sn in a variety of 6 to 40 were acquired through direct hydrothermal synthesis (DHS), and PrVO4 NPs on the surfaces of SnD were reduced in-situ. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were deployed for identifying the PrVO4/SnD. It is potentially a highly dynamic catalyst in the stabilization of CO2 for the production of 2-oxazolidinones and benzimidazoles. In addition, the catalyst is very easy to recycle and reuse without significant loss of active site Cu metal. PrVO4/SnD NPs as a nanocatalyst for carbon dioxide fixation to synthesis benzimidazoles and 2-oxazolidinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]