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Background: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is a viable treatment option for patients with T1a-b solid renal masses. We herein aim to describe our experience on the use of open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and its outcome. Material and Methods: All patients who underwent open partial nephrectomy at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), between January 2009 and December 2015 were included in this study. Data items were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 55 OPN procedures were undertaken on 55 patients between 2009 and 2015. The mean age of patients was 48.9±11.7 years with majority of males (65.5%). The mean maximum tumor dimension was 4.3±0.8 cm. The mean operation time was 139±29.7 min. Warm ischemia time was 13.19±5.3 min. The median R.E.N.A.L ((R)adius (size at the maximal diameter), (E)xophytic/endophytic properties, (N)earness of tumour to the collecting system or sinus, (A)nterior/posterior descriptor, and (L)ocation relative to polar lines) and P.A.D.U.A. (pre-operative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical) scores were 8 (IQR: 7 - 8) and 5 (IQR: 4.5 - 7), respectively. The mean pre- and post-operative creatinine levels were 7.3 mmol/L and 7.4 mmol/L. Estimated blood loss was 217±143 ml. No intraoperative and post-operative complications were documented. The mean length of stay was 4 days. The majority of patients showed clear cell carcinoma (80%), followed by papillary tumors (12.8 %) and one oncocytoma. There were no positive oncological surgical margins. Patients were followed up for a median of 40 months. There were no recurrences. Conclusion: In conclusion, open partial nephrectomy is a safe and effective method of treatment for localized solid renal tumors of less than 7cm with contralateral normal kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study intends to determine the frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of different types of bladder tumors, particularly transitional cell carcinoma in cystoscopic bladder biopsies and resections in the local patient population and compare these findings with local and international reports. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan from December 1996 to December 2001. All patients with bladder growth who presented to the Urology Clinic of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) during the study period and in whom a cystoscopy and bladder biopsy were performed, were included in this study. The clinical and demographic data and the pathological diagnoses were retrieved from the original surgical biopsy reports. Results: Out of 500 patients, there were 421 (84.2%) males and 79 (15.8%) females. The mean age was 57.5±8.6 years (range: 4 to 82 years). Among the primary bladder tumors, transitional cell carcinomas were the most common (94.3%) malignancy. A majority of these cases (62%) presented with superficial disease, whereas in 38% the disease was muscle-invasive at initial diagnosis. Grading was possible in all except two cases, which contained only necrotic tumor tissue. A vast preponderance of tumors (74.5%) were well-differentiated, while 25.5% were poorly-differentiated. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the vast preponderance of bladder tumors is of urothelial origin and malignant. Benign tumors are very rare. The clinicopathological characteristics and frequency distribution of different types of bladder tumors in the local population are, in general, comparable to those reported in the world literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To share our recent experience of the pattern and demography of endemic bladder calculi in children and the outcomes of current management strategies for the removal of bladder calculi in a peri-urban setting. Material and Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study was carried out at a dedicated urology centre. All patients with endemic bladder stones from January 2020 to December 2021 managed at our centre were included in this study. After discharge, each patient was followed up for 1 year. Data analysis was carried out with IBM SPSS v23. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for normally distributed continuous variables; for non-normally distributed continuous variables, median and IQR were calculated; frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables. Results: This study included 254 patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 10.5:1. The mean age of the patients was 4.80 ± 2.86 years. Ninety-one percent of the patients belonged to rural areas. Open cystolithotomy (OC) was performed in 11 (4.3%) patients, transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL) in 165 (65.0%), and percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) in 78 (30.7%). The mean operative time was 48.8±4.34 minutes for TUCL, 36.18±7.4 minutes for open cystolithotomy, and 38.6±5.2 minutes for PCCL. The most common stone composition was ammonium urate + calcium phosphate (33.1%). The complication rate was 4.8% in TUCL, 12.8% in PCCL, and 27.3% in open cystolithotomy. Stone clearance was 98.1% for TUCL and 100% for both PCCL and OC. Conclusion: Paediatric bladder calculus is still endemic in rural areas of Sindh with poor socioeconomic backgrounds. Timely diagnosis and early intervention with preventive measures can lead to better outcomes and fewer complications. Minimally invasive methods of cystolithotomy have a shorter hospital stay, are more cost-effective, and have fewer complications as compared to open cystolithotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]