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Supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated with high resolution mass spectrometry (SFC-HRMS) was developed for fingerprint analysis of different flower absolutes commonly used in cosmetics field, especially in perfumes. Supercritical fluid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SFC-APPI-HRMS) technique was employed to identify the components of the fingerprint. The samples were separated with a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) Hypercarb™ column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) by gradient elution using supercritical CO2 and ethanol (0.0-20.0 min (2-30% B), 20.0-25.0 min (30% B), 25.0-26.0 min (30-2% B) and 26.0-30.0 min (2% B)) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. In order to compare the SFC fingerprints between five different flower absolutes: Jasminum grandiflorum absolutes, Jasminum sambac absolutes, Narcissus jonquilla absolutes, Narcissus poeticus absolutes, Lavandula angustifolia absolutes from different suppliers and batches, the chemometric procedure including principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to classify the samples according to their genus and their species. Consistent results were obtained to show that samples could be successfully discriminated.

A new alkaloid, belonging to the pretazettine group of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, was isolated from dried bulbs of Narcissus jonquilla quail and named jonquailine. Its structure, including the absolute configuration, was elucidated using various NMR, ECD and ESI MS techniques. Initial biological evaluation revealed significant antiproliferative effects against glioblastoma, melanoma, uterine sarcoma and non-small-cell lung cancer cells displaying various forms of drug resistance, including resistance to apoptosis and multi-drug resistance. Jonquailine was also found to synergize with paclitaxel in its antiproliferative action against drug-resistant lung cancer cells. The results obtained compared with literature data also showed that the hydroxylation at C-8 is an important feature for the anticancer activity but this seems unaffected by the stereochemistry or the acetalization of the lactol.

Amaryllidaceae are known as ornamental plants, furthermore some species of this family contain galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and other alkaloids with interesting pharmacological activity. In the present work, the quali- and quantitative analysis of Amaryllidaceae-type alkaloids in the bulbs of Narcissus species is presented using different analytical approaches. Extracts of Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv. Carlton and Narcissus jonquilla Quail, were first examined by GC-MS using a Rtx-5 MS (programmed temperature) and the major alkaloids were identified. Together with galanthamine, high contents of haemanthamine, were found. Galanthamine was reliably quantified by GC-MS, whereas haemanthamine partly decomposed under the GC conditions, thus alternative analytical methods were investigated. Firstly, reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS was applied to identify and isolate at semipreparative levels haemanthamine. The compound was fully characterized by MS/MS and (1)H NMR and then used as a reference substance. The quantitation of both galanthamine and haemanthamine was then accomplished by capillary electrophoresis with spectrophotometric detection. A non-aqueous (NACE) approach was selected in order to use a running buffer fully compatible with samples in organic solvent. In particular, a mixture methanol-acetonitrile (75:25, v/v) containing ammonium acetate (90 mM) was used as a background electrolyte. The same analytical sample was subjected to GC-MS and NACE analysis; the different selectivity displayed by these techniques allowed different separation profiles that can be useful in phytochemical characterization of the extracts. The GC-MS and NACE methods were validated and applied to the quantitation of galanthamine (GC-MS and NACE) and haemanthamine (NACE) in bulbs of N. jonquilla.

Narcissus jonquilla Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 290. 1753. "Habitat inter Hispalim & Gades inter Guadalopam & Toletum in uliginosis." RCN: 2316. Lectotype (Barra & L��pez Gonz��lez in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 40: 358. 1984): Herb. Burser III: 40, left specimen (UPS). Current name: Narcissus jonquilla L. (Liliaceae/Amaryllidaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part N), pp. 690-695 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 691, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Alkaloidal extracts of six selected species of Amaryllidaceae were studied with respect to their antibacterial and anti-yeast activity and their alkaloidal fingerprint. Twenty-five alkaloids were determined by GC/MS, and sixteen of them identified from their mass spectra, retention times and retention indexes. In the antimicrobial assay, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were used, along with isolates of the human pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis and Lodderomyces elongiosporus. The six extracts, together with 19 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids isolated in our laboratory, showed almost no inhibitory activity against the bacteria tested. However, promising anti-yeast properties were detected; the most potent activity was shown by lycorine, which inhibited C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 32 μg/mL, C. albicans and L. elongiosporus, both with MICs of 64 μg/mL, followed by caranine inhibiting C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 128 μg/mL. Among the alkaloidal extracts, Narcissus jonquilla cv. Baby Moon showed the most potent anti-yeast activity, with minimal and average MIC values of 128 and 192 μg/mL, respectively, followed by Leucojum aestivum, Narcissus poeticus var. recurvus and N. canaliculatus (average MICs 256, 267 and 299 μg/mL, respectively). The lowest MIC value among extracts was obtained for N. canaliculatus against L. elongiosporus (MIC 64 μg/mL).

By incorporating 3H-thymidine to the meristematic root tips of Vicia faba and Narcissus jonquilla followed by trypsin digestion, it was revealed that the silver grains were arranged in a network pattern in the isolated interphase nuclei. In the metaphase chromosomes the grains were found to be localized along the digested chromatids and their number showed no significant difference from one longitudinal split to the other found within the same chromosome.

1. A karyological study was made on Narcissus jonquilla. The chromosome number of the twenty clones collected from five different gardens were found to be 2n=14.2. All clones studied showed similar karyotype, i.e., the chromosomes can be grouped into seven pairs.3. The heterochromatin located in the distal end of the short arm of the shortest pair of chromosomes shows negative heteropycnosis. It has been observed for the first time that the heterochromatin forms a nucleolinus within the nucleolus during prometaphase and resting stage.

Publisher Summary Indole has been isolated from the flowers of many Jasminium and Citrus species, from Robinia pseudacacia L., Cheirunthus cheiri L., Narcissus jonquilla L., and Chimonanthus fragrans Lindl.; it appears to be an essential constituent of the perfumes of these flowers. Reports have also been made of the isolation of indole from nonfloral material, for example, Celtis reticulosa Miq. and Thlaspi arvense L., but these have been criticized on the grounds that the indole was probably the result of bacterial action on a labile indole precursor. Numerous other claims for the presence of indole in plants have been based solely on the color reactions given either by the plant extracts or by the volatile constituents of the oils obtained from the blossoms by enfleurage. In some plants, at least, the reverse may be true, and indole may be converted into tryptophan by combination with serine. Whether this is the principal mode of biosynthesis of tryptophan remains to be determined; it is perhaps more likely that indole and tryptophan are products of alternative pathways of metabolism of indole-3-glycerol phosphate, and that conversion of the last-named into tryptophan does not proceed by way of indole.

Narcissus jonquilla, spec. nov. 5. Narcissus spatha multiflora, nectario campanulato brevi, foliis subulatis. Hort. ups. 75. Narcissus foliis subulatis, florum nectario brevissimo. Hort. cliff. 134. Roy. lugdb. 35. Sauv. monsp. 19. Narcissus juncifolius luteus minor. Bauh. pin. 51. Narcissus juncifolius, oblongo calyce, luteus major. Bauh. pin. 51. Narcissus juncifolius minor & 2. Clus. hist. 1. p. 60. Habitat inter Hispalim & Gades inter Guadalopam & Toletum in uliginosis. ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 290, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989