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A validated simple reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic – diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) method was optimised for the analysis of dodine in their pesticide dosage forms by replacing more hazardous acetonitrile and methanol with safe ethanol. The chromatographic analysis was achieved on the Waters, Symmetry C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) using an eco-friendly isocratic eluent; ethanol: water (containing 0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid) (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute. The detector wavelength was set at 205 nm. The method was validated as per the SANCO (Directorate-General Health and Consumer Protection) and ICH (International conference on harmonisation) guidelines. The calibration curve showed a good correlation coefficient (0.9998) over the concentration range of 20.04 to 180.34 mg/L. The method was highly precise and robust with a relative standard deviation value of less than 2%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was between 0.80 and 2.40 mg/L, respectively. The extraction recovery of the analyte ranged from 99.38% to 102.00%. Assessment results proved that our analytical method is considered an eco-friendly alternative to conventionally reported methods regarding usage of safe solvents and chemicals, a minimal amount of waste production, and a short time of analysis. Accordingly, the proposed method could be readily applied for quality control purposes as an eco-friendly, simple, and efficient analytical tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polymer supported carvacrol anion was reacted with 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,4-dibromoethane, oxalyl dichloride, malonyl dichloride, succinyl dichloride, glutaroyl dichloride, and adipoyl dichloride to afford the corresponding dimeric carvacryl ethers or esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]