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The ferrite series having formulation SrYbyFe2–yO4 (y = 0.00 to 0.10) were synthesized via the sol–gel procedure. The involvement of the yttrium in the base produces several changes in the structural, magnetic, and electrical performance of the system. Investigation of structural parameters was done through X-ray diffraction. All samples have cubic structures confirmed from X-ray diffraction. The coercivity of sample enlarges with the involvement of Yb-ions while their saturation and remanence magnetization values drop. When the concentration of Yb-ion increases in the lattice, the real and imaginary values of permittivity reduce. The increased content of Yb enhances the impedance value. The analysis of the M vs H loop was finished under the fixed range of –2 to +2 kOe. By using 0.5 to 12 GHz frequency, the microwave measurements of all the sample were performed. The dispersion of frequency of ferrites is responsible for the natural magnetic resonance phenomenon and the domain wall pinning. The evaluated features of synthesized sample shows their appropriation for microwave absorption appliances.

Silver-substituted Fe–Ni nano invar alloy is a new and innovative field of research due to their interesting invar, magnetic and electrical properties. Due to these properties, Fe65Ni35−xAgx (x = 0.0, 0.5) alloys are studied comprehensively in this research work. The method used for synthesis of Fe65Ni35−xAgx (x = 0.0, 0.5) alloys is chemical reduction method in which cetrimonium bromide was used as capping agent, sodium borohydride as reducing agent, and hydrochloric acid to control the pH. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, I-V characteristics, and vibrating-sample magnetometer were used for phase determination, surface morphology, electrical resistivity, and study of magnetic properties, respectively. Both alloys have face-centered cubic structure, lattice parameter is increased while crystallite size is decreased, agglomeration forms, electrical resistivity decreases, and saturation magnetization is increased by adding Ag content. Thus, properties of Fe–Ni invar alloys are improved by addition of Ag. Fe–Ni-Ag alloys have attractive magnetic properties as soft granular material and magnetoresistive materials particularly.

The spinel ferrites are famous due to their unique electrical and magnetic performance. The composition Co1-xSrxFe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.0) was prepared by sol–gel technique. The pattern of X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited the cubic spinel phase of all samples. The values of the lattice constant are improved, whereas the porosity and densities are decreased by the substitution of strontium ions. The addition of strontium ions increased activation energy and dc resistivity. The increase in the strontium ions also created the decreasing trend in the temperature-dependent resistivity, which proved the semiconducting nature of spinel ferrites. The substitution of strontium ions enhanced the coercivity while magnetization decreased by changing the applied field. The dielectric parameters were also found in the frequency range of 3 Mega Hertz to 1 Giga Hertz. The low dielectric loss and enhanced value of direct current resistivity made such samples appropriate for high-frequency applications.

Mild steel has applications in construction, automobiles, mechanical engineering and general purpose fabrication, fencing, cages, frames, furniture components for different shapes, pipelines and other in industries. Cu-Fe-Ni alloy coating with different concentration of Ni was produced on low carbon steel substrate by electrodeposition in this research. This technique is favorable to us because of its low cost and easy to approach. The electrolytic bath contained the 31.92g/l CuSO4, 54.2 g/l FeSO4, NiSO4.7H2O (0.00 g/l, 14.04 g/l, 28.08 g/l, 42.12 g/l) and 15.4 g/l H3BO3 as buffer to maintain pH at 3. The electrodeposition is done at suitable deposition parameters. The effect of Ni concentration on the surface morphology, structure and mechanical properties of coating were revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Vicker hardness tester respectively. Obtained results showed that with the increase in Ni content grain size increases and elongation decreases while the mechanical properties increases. The thickness of deposited Cu-Fe-Ni alloys has decreasing trend of thickness with increasing of Ni contents.

Zn-Cu-Fe alloys can be used for coating on mild steel substrate for the enhancement of mechanical properties of the substrate. So, it will be interesting to study what sort of effect of Fe content if the coating of an alloy Zn-Cu-Fe is deposited on mild steel. For this purpose, four samples of Zn-Cu-Fe alloy on mild steel substrate are prepared by electrodeposition. This technique is favorable because of its low cost and easy approach. The electrolytic bath contained the 0.15M ZnSO4, 0.15M CuSO4, (0.00M, 0.03M, 0.06M, 0.09M) FeSO4.7H2O and 0.25M H3BO3 as buffer during the deposition process. The value of an operating parameter such as deposition time, temperature, current density, and pH are kept at 15–20 mints, 298K, 0.02 Acm−,2 and 3 respectively. The analysis is done by studying crystallographic parameters of the ternary Zn-Cu-Fe alloy coating, surface morphology and mechanical properties are studied. Results obtained by electrodeposition with various concentrations of Fe showed that the surface become more smooth, average grain size decreased, lattice parameters and crystal size showed overall decreasing trends and the mechanical properties are enhanced. Due to these improved properties of coating substrate becomes more useful for construction, automobile fencing applications.

The magnesium-rich intermetallic ternary compound NdNiMg15 in space group P-4/nmm (no. 26) space group in trigonal phase is studied theoretically using hybrid functional theory (HP-B3PW91) in the density functional theory (DFT) framework. The calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. The metallic nature of the compound is estimated from the electronic properties. The magnetic as well as metallic character of the compound is due to the Nd 4f electrons. The title compound exhibits good conductivity as revealed by the thermoelectric analysis. The magnetic phase of the material indicates its stability within the G-type antiferromagnetic phase (G-AFM), governed by direct Nd–Nd exchange interactions with a magnetic moment of 3.57µB/Nd per unit cell. The AFM phase of the studied compound is also confirmed by post-DFT measurements at TN = 8.15 K as well as θ = −2.5 K. The antiferromagnetic nature of this compound could enable its use in magnetic probes to read data stored in antiferromagnetic moments while leaving them unaffected by disturbing magnetic fields.

The presence of arsenic in the drinking water causes different diseases in human such as skin lesion, cancer of the lungs, bladder, skin, prostate, kidney, nose, liver, brain, chronic airway obstruction and black foot disease. It has been reported that the concentration of arsenic is increasing in the different areas of Pakistan. Therefore, drinking water samples have been collected from different areas of (Kot chutta) district Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab province, Pakistan and found that the arsenic concentration is much higher than recommended by world health organization (WHO) permissible level. So it is essential to remove the arsenic content from water to save the human’s life. The magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) synthesized by the coprecipitation method has been used as an adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. The cubic structure, morphology and the composition of the synthesized adsorbent has been confirmed by XRD, SEM and EDS analyses. The synthesized materials are then used for the adsorptive removal of arsenic from the drinking water collected from various areas of District Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan as well as from the standard samples. Different adsorption models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich) have been employed to the adsorption data. The adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was found in the range of 56µg g− 1 which is much higher as compared to already reported in the literature. The results indicate that the magnesium aluminate can be used for the removal of arsenic from drinking water.

Strontium-substituted spinel ferrites were prepared using the sol–gel method. The sample’s chemical formula was Cu1–xSrxFe2O4 (0.00, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80 and 1.00). A cubic structure was discovered through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The lattice, constant, X-ray density and other structural parameters were increased with the substitution of strontium ion due to its larger ionic radius as compared with the ionic radius of manganese. It was discovered that the addition of strontium ions increased both activation energy and dc resistivity, whilst the decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature proved the semiconducting nature of samples. There was an abysmal disparity between the coerciveness and magnetization values. The permittivity was decreased with the addition of strontium ions. The low perittivity and high specific resistance suggested that prepared samples are suitable for high-frequency applications.

The organic compounds with a π-bond system lead to electric charge delocalization which enables them to reveal fascinating nonlinear optical properties. Mono-carbonyl curcuminoids also have an appealing skeleton from the conjugation view point. Interesting chemical structures of the 3,5-bis(arylidene)-N-benzenesulfonyl-4-piperidone derivatives motivated us to perform density functional theory (DFT)-based studies. Therefore, computations using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) functional of DFT were executed to explore geometric parameters, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. Moreover, three different functionals such as HF, B3LYP, and M06 with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set were used to investigate the average polarizability ⟨α⟩ and first hyperpolarizability (βtot)-based properties of all compounds. A good concurrence among calculated and experimental parameters was obtained through root mean square error calculations. The molecular stability of piperidone derivatives was examined using the Hirshfeld surface and NBO analyses. Natural population analysis was also performed to obtain insights about atomic charges. Calculated HOMO–LUMO energies showed that charge transfer interactions take place within the molecules. Moreover, global reactivity parameters including electronegativity, chemical hardness, softness, ionization potential, and electrophilicity were calculated using the HOMO and LUMO energies. The average polarizability ⟨α⟩ and first hyperpolarizability (βtot) values of all compounds were observed to be larger in magnitude at the aforesaid functional than the standard compound.

Spinel ferrites and polymer based nanocomposites are emerging as a new class of materials having potential for medical field and flexible electronic devices. Nano sized ferrites CoFe2O4 were synthesized via chemical technique called co-precipitation. The polypyrrole was produced via in-situ polymerization technique. The formation of nano-composites was completed by combining nano sized ferrites with polypyrrole. Electrical, magnetic and structural properties of samples were inspected through two probe method, vibrating sample magnetometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique respectively. The peak intensity of XRD was enhanced and its width reduced with rise of ferrite concentration in the nanocomposites. The dc resistivity was increased with the ferrite contents. The ferromagnetic behavior was picked through hysteresis loop. These parameters were optimized according to requirement by fixing the ferrites ratio. Samples PF-1 (25% ferrites) PF-2 (50% ferrite ratio) displays super paramagnetic phenomenon. These samples may be used in hyperthermia; a cancer treatment technique.

Spinel ferrites with composition MnLayFe2-yO4 (y = 0.00, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10) were manufactured via the sol–gel route and characterized under different techniques to evaluate the microwave, magnetic, structural and electrical behavior. All the samples have cubic structures as perceived from XRD data. The impedance became enlarged with an increase of rare earth ions. Hysteresis loops (M vs. H) were drawn on behalf of VSM data within the fixed range of − 2 to + 2 KOe. Remanence magnetization and saturation values were decreased with the substitution of rare earth contents. Microwave properties were measured using cavity perturbation. The real and imaginary parts of permittivity and permeability values gradually decreased with increasing frequency. The perceived consequences recommended the present system can be employed in microwave absorption applications.

Experimental investigations have been carried out to study the effect of Pd on the structure and physical properties of binary Ag100 – xPdx (at x = 40, 50, 60 at %) alloys. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that these alloys form a face-centered cubic structure of A1 type. No superlattice peaks were observed in the diffraction patterns. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments revealed no phase transition in a temperature range of 25–1100°C. Results show that the addition of Pd leads to an increase in the value of electrical resistivity, whereas Vickers hardness and ultimate tensile strength decrease by increasing the concentration of Pd in these alloys. The results have been discussed and compared with those given in literature.

—The structure and thermal properties of Au25Pd75 alloy were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The change in lattice parameter a(T) was measured as a function of temperature using the Bragg line displacement method. The diffraction data obtained in the temperature range of 308–1158 K was utilized to determine the thermal parameters like the characteristic Debye temperature ΘD, mean square amplitude of vibration $$\overline {{{u}^{2}}(T)} $$ , and the coefficient of thermal expansion α(T). The results show that the alloy forms a single phase solid solution having a face centered cubic structure (A1-type) in said temperature range. Further, it is found that the addition of gold to palladium leads to an increase in the value of lattice parameter and reduction in the value of Debye temperature, mean square amplitude of vibration, and the coefficient of thermal expansion. The mean square amplitude of vibration was found to obey the classical Gruneisen relationship, as is seen in the case of most of cubic alloys.

Spinel ferrites have remained popular over the years due to their exceptional electrical and magnetic properties. The sol-gel method was used to synthesize the Cu1-xBaxFe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.0). The cubic spinel phase was visible in all samples using X-ray diffraction. The addition of barium ions increased lattice constant values from 8.38 A to 8.50 A while lowering porosity and density. By including barium ions in the reaction mixture, resulted an increase in the activation energy and DC resistivity. The increase in temperature from 300 to 650 K is given to all prepared samples, and then they behaved like semiconductor because their resistivity decreased with the increase in temperature. When barium ions were introduced, magnetization decreased, and coercivity increased. All these properties suggested that these samples might be suitable for high-frequency applications.

Indian Textiles is several centuries old and is an economically significant sector of the country. Handloom is seen as one of the most vibrant Indian cultural heritage that has an important place in the textile industry. As per 3rd Handloom census, the sector enfolds around 43 lakhs people engaged in weaving and allied activities that majorly constituent rural and semi rural livelihood. It's a cottage industry of India comprising mostly women of about 77%. Despite of being an important sector that supports one of the largest chunks of unorganized sectors of the country it's withering at the hands of modernity. In the era of Power-loom and Technical Textiles the Indian Handloom sector needs revitalization to survive. It is high time to safe guard Handloom sector with innovation and revival to defend the livelihood of unorganized workers, preserve the rich Indian heritage and make the sector a significant contributor of Economic transformation of India. This paper is a comparative study of Innovative intensity of Handloom small business and small scale Technical /powerloom textiles. Structured and unstructured interviews have been conducted with 19 handloom business and powerloom/technical textile business; both at small scale level. Findings show greater Innovative Intensity in Technical/powerloom small business than small handloom business. Also challenges of Handloom textile industry is studied through Fishbone diagram with suggestive measures.

Polycrystalline tantalum-carbide-incorporated diamond coatings have been made on unpolished side of Si (100) wafer by hot filament chemical vapor deposition process. Morphology of the coatings has been found to vary from (111) triangular-facetted to predominantly (111) square-faceted by increasing the concentration of tantalum carbide. The results have been compared to those of a diamond reference coating with no tantalum content. An increase in roughness has been observed with the increase of tantalum carbide (TaC) due to change in morphology of the diamond films. It is noticed that roughness of the coatings increases as grains become more square-faceted. It is found that diamond coatings involving tantalum carbide are not as resistant as diamond films with no TaC content and the coefficient of friction for such coatings with microcrystalline grains can be manipulated to 0·33 under high vacuum of 10−7 Torr. Such a low friction coefficient value enhances tribological behavior of unpolished Si substrates and can possibly be used in sliding applications.