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In sex education, traditional teaching approaches that place the teacher in the centre of learning provide little opportunity for promoting the development of students’ sexual knowledge, maturity, self-confidence, communication skills, and well-rounded personalities. In Thailand, this traditional approach has an impact on teenage students’ effective learning for the Comprehensive Sex Education (CSE) curriculum through their behaviours and attitudes about sex-related topics. Moreover, CSE does not cover many approaches such as discussions and debates to promote students’ analytic and critical-thinking skills related to sexual-related topics. (MSDHS, 2019 ; UNESCO, 2021 & UNICEF, 2016). This study investigates students' learning CSE through embedded digital Games-Based Learning (GBL) module that is delivered to Grade 7 (age 12-14) secondary school students in the north of Thailand. Researchers in this study developed a game that aims at encouraging and stimulating students’ skills to analyse and critique their understanding of CSE. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy have been manifested with students’ learning using GBL. In the course of the study, 1152 students responded to answer pre and post-tests. The statistical findings show that students’ scores in the post-test were significantly higher than those of the pre-test (withought GBL). This paper concludes that, GBL facilitated opportunities for students to conceptualize, apply, analyse, synthesize, evaluate and create their learning actively and skilfully. However, the statistical data highlights that the development measured after the use of CSE gamified syllabus does not occur at the same rate and that some skills developed at a higher rate than others. Importantly, the study found that GBL is not a standalone approach to teach CSE, other pedagogical approaches (e.g., enquiry-based learning) need to be embedded. These approaches can be implemented with or without technology, but they need to be planed ahead. Final study conclusion is that, efficient teaching of CSE is not down to students only, collective efforts of other stakeholders (e.g., parents, policy makers, etc), are needed.

BackgroundLower limb deformities could affect child's quality of life and may worsen with time. This work aims to study the prevalence of lower limb deformities among primary school students in our governorate.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 4689 students attending 12 public primary schools during the academic year 2019–2020.Complete clinical examination was done for picking of cases of genu varum, genu valgum, genu recurvatum, flat foot, pes cavus, hallux valgus, in-toeing, and lower limb discrepancy, and x-ray on both feet, pelvis, and full-length lower limb was requested.ResultsThis cross-sectional descriptive study included 4689 students. The prevalence of lower limb (LL) deformities was 16.61%. One hundred twenty-three (2.62%) children had a positive history of musculoskeletal pain, 0.09% had genu varum, 0.11% had genu valgum, 0.75% had Genu recurvatum, 0.03% had LL discrepancy, 13.86% had flexible flat foot, 1.22% had rigid flat foot, 0.23% had pes cavus, 1.04 % had in-toeing, 0.06% had hallux varus, and 0.11% had hallux valgus.ConclusionsLower limb deformities are a considerable problem in primary school students that need early diagnosis because it could affect child’s future, health, and career. Further studies are needed to investigate spinal deformity, vit D level, calcium level, foot wear, and school bag weight as hidden factors.

During the last 60 years the size of the breast muscle was increased through the improvements in the growth rate and yield of the chicken broilers. By introducing different genetic selection and application with improvement of chicken nutrition and management led finally to serious breast meat abnormalities that influenced their quality and left a negative impact on broiler meat sector. The most prevalent abnormalities include Deep Pectoral Muscle myopathy (DPM) green muscle disease or Oregon disease, White Striping (WS), and Woody Breast (WB). Every year an extensive research all over the world on the real causes of breast muscles condemnation was conducted in order to reduce both breast muscles abnormalities and financial losses. Therefore this study was conducted by inspection of 3.720.000 chicken broiler carcasses at North Delta abattoir, Egypt during chicken processing the incidence of Green Muscle (with their three stages), white Strips and Wooden Breast were 20280 (0.5% ) , 1248 (0.03%) and 1872 (0.05%) respectively. The total economic loss during 2019 for green muscle abnormality according to the Egyptian salary was 124800 L.E., for WS and WB were 31200 and 48800 L.E respectively.

UNSTRUCTURED The qualitative research presented in this paper investigates the outbreaks of diseases where a great amount of health-threatening misinformation is produced and released. Misinformation is often disseminated through social media, where information is spread rapidly and easily. As part of the pilot study, we examined the misinformation surrounding the Covid-19 outbreak to determine how it may have impacted practitioners' perceptions of misinformation, and how that may have influenced their practice. In particular, this study explored the answers to the following questions: How do health professionals respond when they discover a patient has been misinformed? What do they believe is the most impactful misinformation on healthcare practice? Are health professionals' practices changing as a result of misinformation? Are there any practices that were shaped by healthcare practitioners' perceptions of misinformation and its impact? Did they take any action or intervene in any way? What was the result of their action or intervention? Research findings indicate that Health Practitioners (HPs) view misinformation in different ways according to the scenario in which it occurs; some HPs consider it to be an acute incident exacerbated by the pandemic, while others see it as an ongoing phenomenon (always present) and are addressing it as part of their daily work. Considering that misinformation is primarily a result of the availability and accessibility of information, HPs reported their experiences with the current reliable and valid information available. At this point, HPS presented a range of perspectives on the available and trusted information sources. For them, reliable information may be available but outdated, untrusted by patients. HPs are developing pathways for dealing with misinformation. Two main pathways have been identified according to the research findings; first, to educate the patient through coaching, advising, or patronising. The second step is to devote resources such as time and effort to facilitate two-way communication between the patient and the healthcare provider through listening and talking to them. When it comes to the practicality and feasibility of the above pathways, HPs explained that there are a number of factors that play an important role in the treatment of misinformation. Last but not least, HPs mentioned challenges associated with misinformation and treatment, such as limited time and increased workload. Additionally, social media serves as a powerful echo chamber and word-of-mouth distribution medium. A surprising number of HPs have linked poor patient-HP communication and the difficulty in reaching HPs with the increasing use of social media. As a final recommendation, some Health Professionals suggest including the patient's voice and listening to their interpretations and explanations of the misinformation they receive and how they deal with it.

Distributed leadership is one of the most influential and well-discussed ideas to emerge in the field of educational leadership. Prompted by the foundational and seminal work of Spillane et al. (2001) the idea of shared or ‘stretched’ leadership that incorporates both formal and informal leaders, has been of interest to researchers, policy-makers practitioners and educational reformers around the globe. Distributed leadership has captured the attention of many international researchers and as this article will show, has been the focus of a great deal of empirical enquiry. This article looks at the two decades of research that followed the pivotal Spillane et al. (2001) article on distributed leadership. Firstly, it takes a retrospective view by drawing upon selected literature from 2001 to 2011 mapping out the main findings based on this empirical terrain. Secondly, it offers a contemporary view by exploring recently selected literature on distributed leadership from 2011 to 2021. The article does not claim to be a systematic review of the literature but rather, offers some insights into selected evidence over two decades. The article considers how far distributed leadership remains a relevant concept for those working within the field of educational leadership.

This study investigates the enablers and barriers of embedding technology for continuing professional development (CPD) of staff in the police sector. The research team developed an online game called “Child Witness Interview Simulation” (CWIS) to complement existing interview training for police officers and help them gain competency in interviewing children. Within the game design, development, and commercializing phases, the research team came across key themes that define the opportunities and challenges of implementing GBL through a police-based learning approach to CPD. The study identified that the successful implantation of Technology-Enhanced learning (TEL) in CPD falls into two broad categories: organizational, which considers learning outcomes, and individual, which considers learning aims and competency. Therefore, for successful implementation of TEL in CPD, ongoing supportive organizational culture that encourages employees and managers to be committed and motivated to implement TEL in CPD is necessary.

Wiki has proved extensively that it is an innovative technology situated among other so-cial network applications, because it enables its users to develop web content collaboratively, thereby making it open to all online users. The pedagogical use of Wiki is still in early stages; for this reason a lot of academic research has highlighted the lack of investigation into the pe-dagogical use of Wiki as a tool for collaborative learning. This paper investigates Wiki by fo-cusing on its advantages and disadvantages for the learning process, while highlighting how Wiki moderators can contribute by embedding Wiki successfully into the learning process.

The purpose of this article is to explore the development of the knowledge base on middle leadership in schools. Since the seminal reviews conducted by Bennett a contemporary scan only of the scholarly literature on middle leaders/leadership in schools has not been undertaken. Consequently, this article looks at outputs relating to this topic by examining research papers indexed in the Web of Science and in SCOPUS between 2003 and 2017. The prime purpose of this review is to offer some reflections on the development of the empirical base on middle leadership in schools since 2003 and to highlight some of the implications for future research. The article concludes that middle leadership in schools remains an ongoing focus of research inquiry in a growing number of countries but suggests that the knowledge base would benefit from more sophisticated empirical studies and greater theoretical analysis.

Introduction: There is no universal scale for assessing waterpipe tobacco (WT) dependence. We examined the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11) among Egyptian WT smokers. Methods: We administered the LWDS-11 during face-interview questionnaires in two cross-sectional surveys among 1490 current WT smokers recruited via purposive quota sampling. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on half of the sample. Confirmatory factor analysis of the resulting model was done using structural equation modelling on the other half. Scale reliability was examined. We assessed convergent construct validity using regression models to examine the association between the adapted dependence scale and factors conceptually expected to be associated with WT dependence. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the scale yielded eight items (E8-LWDS) supporting a three-factor structure: physical dependence (three items), psychological dependence (three items), and psychological craving (two items). Cronbach’s α were 0.635 for the total scale and 0.823, 0.654, and 0.785 for the three subscales. E8-LWDS was confirmed to have good model fit (comparative fit index = 0.995, root mean squared error of approximation = 0.027). E8-LWDS was independently associated with daily WT smoking, rural residence, being a skilled worker, non-exclusive WTS, smoking ≥ eight WT hagars/day, and measures of perceived behavioral control (self-reported addiction to WT, perceived ability to quit, and previous quit attempts). Conclusion: E8-LWDS showed adequate psychometric properties among this sample of Egyptian current WT smokers, which makes it appropriate for use by researchers and practitioners. Adding items related to perceived behavioral control might enhance the scale robustness.

Introduction: To date, a universal validated and specific tool for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stigma among healthcare workers is lacking. We adapted a SARS stigma scale that was developed using the Berger HIV scale for use as a COVID-19 stigma scale and evaluated its psychometric properties among Egyptian physicians. Methods: We administered the 17-item SARS stigma scale in an anonymous online questionnaire among 509 Egyptian physicians recruited via convenience sampling during a cross-sectional study in June 2020. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on half of the sample. Confirmatory factor analysis of the resulting model was done using structural equation modeling on the other half. Scale reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Convergent construct validity was assessed using regression models to examine the association between the adapted COVID-19 stigma scale and relevant factors. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded 16 items (E16-COVID19-S) that supported a three-factor structure: personalized stigma (8 items), concerns of disclosure and public attitudes (5 items), and negative experiences (3 items). Cronbach’s α was 0.909 for the total scale and 0.907, 0.663, and 0.789 for the three subscales. E16-COVID19-S was confirmed to have good model fit (comparative fit index = 0.964, root mean squared error of approximation = 0.056). E16-COVID19-S was independently associated with physicians’ younger age, lower qualification, working in an isolation hospital, and self-stigma, whether the scale was treated as categorical or continuous. Conclusions: E16-COVID19-S exhibited good internal consistency and construct validity among this sample of Egyptian physicians. These adequate psychometric properties make the E16-COVID19-S scale appropriate for use by researchers and practitioners.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Aim The aim was to detect specific ECG changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients as well as to study atherosclerotic changes of the carotid arteries as an indicator of cardiovascular system risk factors and to correlate findings with disease activity and severity parameters to elucidate possible associations between these variables. Patients and methods This study included 30 RA patients, 30 age-matched and sex-matched systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers as control groups. The patients were subjected to clinical examination, assessment of disease activity score-28 (DAS28), functional disability Health Assessment Questionnaire, and laboratory and radiological assessments. ECG and measurement of the carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) by carotid ultrasound scan was also done. Results Ten (33.3%) RA patients had ECG abnormalities, with ST or T-wave abnormality being the most common abnormality present. RA patients had the highest frequencies of ECG abnormalities. Most ECG changes occurred in RA patients using steroids (90%). ST or T-wave abnormality in RA occurred more in patients with a higher swollen joint count, higher DAS28, and a higher patients’ global health assessment. RA patients had the highest mean. The mean CIMT was significantly higher in RA patients with ECG abnormalities. There were significant positive correlations of average CIMT with DAS28, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and Simple Erosion Narrowing Score. There were significant positive correlations of mean CIMT with the level of triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a highly significant correlation between mean CIMT and C-reactive protein. CIMT at a cut-off point of 0.75 mm can predict ECG abnormalities with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion ECG changes were present in 33.3% of RA patients. Increased CIMT was observed in RA patients and correlated well with disease activity and severity parameters.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relations between calreticulin (CRT) serum level and both disease activity and severity parameters in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 60 children with JIA and 50 age-and-sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. The assessment of the disease activity was done using juvenile arthritis disease activity score 27 (JADAS-27). The assessment of disease severity was done via gray-scale ultrasonography (US) and power Doppler US (PDUS). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay the serum level of human CRT. RESULTS The mean serum CRT levels in JIA patients was 8.6±1.2 ng/mL and showed a highly significant increase (p=0.001) as compared to the mean serum levels in the controls (5.02±0.77 ng/mL). There were statistically significant positive correlations between the serum CRT levels and disease duration, tender joint count, swollen joint count, visual analog scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, JADAS-27, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor titer, and ultrasonographic grading for synovitis and neovascularization. CONCLUSION Elevated serum CRT levels in JIA patients and its correlations with JIA disease activity and severity parameters signified that CRT might be used as a novel biomarker for disease activity and severity in JIA.

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the conventional antibilharzial agent. Nevertheless, no antibilharzial prophylactic agents or 100% curable therapy approved and no reported data about use of human CD34Seventy mice were divided into 7 groups (10 mice each): Normal, S.mansoni-infected, post-infected PZQ-treated, CD34Histopathologically, surprisingly and significantly, the prophylactic pre-infection stem cells (CD34CD34

Games-based learning (GBL) has become increasingly important in teaching and learning. This paper explains the first two phases (analysis and design) of a GBL development project, ending up with a prototype design based on students’ and teachers’ perceptions. The two phases are part of a full cycle GBL project aiming to help secondary school students in Thailand in their study of Comprehensive Sex Education (CSE). In the course of the study, we invited 1,152 students to complete questionnaires and interviewed 12 secondary school teachers in focus groups. This paper found that GBL can serve students in their learning about CSE, enabling them to gain understanding of their sexuality, develop skills, including critical thinking skills and interact with others (peers, teachers, etc.) in a safe environment. The objectives of this paper are to outline the development of GBL variables from the research question(s) into the developers’ flow chart, to be responsive to the GBL beneficiaries’ preferences and expectations, and to help in answering the research questions. This paper details the steps applied to generate GBL variables that can feed into a game flow chart to develop a GBL prototype. In our approach, we detailed two models: (1) Game Elements Model (GEM) and (2) Game Object Model (GOM). There are three outcomes of this research – first, to achieve the objectives and benefits of GBL in learning, game design has to start with the research question(s) and the challenges to be resolved as research outcomes. Second, aligning the educational aims with engaging GBL end users (students) within the data collection phase to inform the game prototype with the game variables is essential to address the answer/solution to the research question(s). Third, for efficient GBL to bridge the gap between pedagogy and technology and in order to answer the research questions via technology (i.e. GBL) and to minimise the isolation between the pedagogists “P” and technologist “T”, several meetings and discussions need to take place within the team.

Objective This study aimed to measure the level of anti-citrulline-containing peptide (anti-CCP) antibody (ab) in the synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to study its relations with anti-CCP ab serum level, RA disease activity, and severity parameters as well as to explore its diagnostic value in RA. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 60 RA and 60 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Patients were subjected to thorough history taking and full clinical examination including locomotor system examination. The Health Assessment Questionnaire was used for the assessment of functional capacity. Complete laboratory investigations including a complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, serum and SF anti-CCP ab levels were carried out. The Sharp score was calculated for the assessment of RA severity in posteroanterior plain radiographic views of both hands and feet. Results The mean SF anti-CCP ab level was highly significantly increased (P=0.0001) in RA patients (133.93±41.3 ng/l) in comparison with OA patients (5±13.2 ng/l). There were statistically significant correlations of SF anti-CCP ab level with rheumatoid factor (P=0.049), serum anti-CCP ab (P=0.0001), and Sharp score (P=0.037), whereas other clinical and laboratory parameters did not show any significant correlation (P>0.05). The specificity of SF anti-CCP ab and serum anti-CCP ab of RA patients was 100%. Besides, the sensitivity of serum anti-CCP ab was 90%, whereas the sensitivity of SF anti-CCP ab was 83.3%. The positive predictive value of both serum and SF anti-CCP abs was 100% in RA patients and their negative predictive value was 90.9% in the serum of RA patients and 85.7% in the SF. The cutoff value of anti-CCP ab was 65.4 ng/l in the serum and 63.35 ng/l in the SF. Conclusion SF anti-CCP ab is significantly increased in RA compared with OA and could be considered an appreciated diagnostic marker having a major role in the identification of RA patients not fulfilling the criteria for the RA disease diagnosis. Its relation to RA disease severity could not be established.

This study investigates tutors’ perception towards students’ group work when they learn online as a proposed solution for overcrowded classes. The study context is the Egyptian Higher Education (HE) system and the research participants were 20 HE tutors who either teach in a blended learning environment or virtual classroom. This research adopted a phenomenological qualitative approach and data were collected through focus groups and one-to-one interviews. The study concluded that online collaborative learning offers opportunities for studying outside the standard brick-and-mortar classroom and potentially overcoming the problem of overcrowded classes. Although such option has certain advantages, it also presents its own challenges. Tutors acknowledged the benefits of online collaborative learning; however, the tutors also raised some cultural and pedagogical concerns they deemed as hindrances to the learning effectiveness as a whole. Recommendations concerning the effective implementation of online collaborative learning are given.

With the ubiquity of interactive games in students’ lives and the rise of gamified experiences across the web and mobile applications, online tutors and practitioners of technology enhanced learning have been inspired to incorporate games-based elements. This paper introduces a prototype of an online application that helps online tutors to embed gaming to design their online course. We developed a framework for online course leaders which explains how Wikis (as an online learning platform) can support students’ learning, interaction, and sharing of knowledge in the online community. We are presenting a metaphor for the course design in a gameboard like “snakes and ladders”. This metaphoric game enables online tutors to elaborate online interaction among their students. The game methodological design approach for this metaphoric game merges different pedagogical theories such as (socio-constructivism) with practice in online learning (Wiki) and gives the online tutor an idea about what theory/approach is used when selecting any technological tool or moving forward in the game. This framework could help tutors, educational institutions and students to use a common language with students to describe their teaching and learning activities. Primarily, it helps tutors to make decisions about learning activities, facilitate, guide and support students’ communication and collaboration.

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relation between serum prohepcidin level and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), and to discover whether it has a role in the anaemia of chronic disease occurring in RA and SLE patients. Patients and methods This study was carried out on 30 patients suffering from RA and 30 patients suffering from SLE. In addition, 20 healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. All patients and controls were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, locomotor system examination, assessment of the disease activity in RA patients using the Disease Activity Score-28, assessment of the disease activity in SLE patients using Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease Activity Index, laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein (CRP), and measurement of serum prohepcidin levels by the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results The mean serum prohepcidin concentration was 395.2 ± 551.4 ng/ml in RA patients, whereas it was 381.5 ± 88.07 in SLE patients and 121.4 ± 11.1 ng/ml in healthy volunteers. The prohepcidin concentration correlated with the rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, ESR, disease duration, morning stiffness, tender joint count, swollen joint count, Larsen score, haemoglobin level and Disease Activity Score-28 in RA patients .There were positive significant correlations between the mean serum prohepcidin concentration and platelets number, haemoglobin level and ESR in SLE patients and insignificant correlations between the mean serum prohepcidin concentration and Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease Activity Index. Conclusion Prohepcidin could be considered as a useful marker for RA, but not for SLE. Prohepcidin may have a role in anaemia of chronic disease occurring in RA and SLE.

In communication, both verbal and non-verbal means ensure that a message is conveyed, and facial expressions are acknowledged as one of the most influential factors in non-verbal communication. Facial Analysis Coding System (FACS) is a tool to analyse data other than the spoken language to improve a researcher's reading of an interviewee's emotions, and proposes a methodology to support the annotation process of facial expressions in a piece of communication. This study investigates an applied framework for FACS in an educational scenario. The study combines both the computerised and manual entries in the applied method. The study addresses the challenges, findings and recommendations of this applied method.

Objective This study aimed to explore correlations between the presence of depression, clinical scores, and ultrasonographic (US) grading in osteoarthritis (OA) patients and to clarify if depressive symptoms might cause a discrepancy between US findings and clinical scores. Material and methods Two hundred patients with primary knee OA and 100 healthy hospital volunteers of the same age and sex not complaining of knee troubles participated in this study. We evaluated depressive symptoms in all participants using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale. Thorough clinical examination was performed, including assessment using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) for disability. All patients underwent US examination of their affected knees. Results Depression was detected in 60 patients with knee OA (30%) and in 5 controls (5%). The mean of BDI score was 12.8±12.2 in OA patients and 5.8±3.2 in controls, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.03). Correlations of BDI with both body mass index (BMI) (p=0.04) and Numerical Rating Scale of Pain (NRSP) score (p=0.006) were significant, while correlations of BDI with both the ages of our patients (p=0.74) and their disease duration (p=0.88) were insignificant. There were statistically significant correlations between patients' disease duration and US measurements regarding osteophyte length, lateral femoral cartilage thickness, medial femoral cartilage thickness, and thickness of the quadriceps tendon despite of the presence of insignificant correlations between disease duration and both the effusion volume and volume of Baker's cysts. There were statistically significant correlations between patients' disease duration and US measurements except for effusion volume and volume of Baker's cysts. There were statistically significant correlations between the NRSP score in OA patients and BDI (p=0.006) and all US measurements apart from lateral femoral cartilage thickness, medial femoral cartilage thickness, and thickness of quadriceps tendon. There were statistically significant correlations between BDI in OA patients and the WOMAC (p=0.005), Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading (p=0.034), and US grading (p=0.041). Conclusion The presence of knee effusion, Baker's cysts, osteophytes, and high BMI have a great impact on the pain and disability associated with OA. Higher clinical scores, radiographic scores, and US scores correlate with the emergence of depression in OA patients.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of one dose of intra-articular injection of (PRP) in the knee joint on a specific osteoarthritis (OA) serum biomarker of cartilage degeneration, Collagen 2-1 (Coll2-1), over a short period of 3 months. The aim extended to clarify the effect of PRP on the functional status of the osteoarthritic knee joint. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with primary unilateral knee OA were enrolled in this study. They were subdivided according to Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale (KL) into (Group I): including patients with KL grade < 3 and (Group II): including patients with KL grade ≥3. Patients were asked to complete the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) Score. PRP was prepared and injected immediately into the affected knee. Serum Coll2-1 (S.Coll2-1) concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit pre and 3 months after PRP injection. RESULTS Significant reduction in S.Coll2-1 concentration in primary knee OA patients; (p

Tutors confront great challenges in their teaching practices, including changes in subject content, newinstructional methods, changes laws and procedures and students’ needs. In online learning (OL), more changes can be added, namely, the massive and accelerated advance in technology. Therefore, online tutors need to be provided with CPD that develops their skills and experience to improve the effectiveness of their distance learning courses. This paper investigates how Egyptian Higher Education (HE) online tutors are provided with Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to pursue their work. Data for this paper was collected form 20 online tutors from two major Egyptian universities. This paper explores the current situation of CPD provided for HE online tutors with its affordances, limitations, and proposed recommendations that can help to overcome these challenges.

The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of selenium on delayed deltamethrin (DM) neurotoxicity. Animals under investigation were treated with a single acute dose of deltamethrin (111.25 mg/100 g body weight). The therapeutic effect of selenium has been evaluated by administration of a daily dose either individually or in antioxidant preparation ( Antox) for a period of three weeks.Acute deltamethrin intoxication induced marked altrations in the brain and blood levels of monoamines and free amino acids as well as acetylcholinesterase activity. Selenium supplementation, either individually (DMS) or in antioxidant preparation (DMA), showed a considerable ability to attenuate some but not all signs of delayed deltamethrin neurotoxicity. Among the two Se-supplemented groups, it was difficult to see a clear therapeuMA showed the best results in others reflecting different mechanisms of action.These therapeutic effects seemed to be time dependent