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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-hol-10.1177_09596836211060496 for Stratigraphic signature of the Perito Moreno ice-dammings during the Little Ice Age (southern Patagonia, Argentina) by Mauro Caffau, Emanuele Lodolo, Federica Donda, Massimo Zecchin, Jorge G Lozano, Federica Nasi, Donaldo M. Bran, Alejandro Tassone and Andrea Caburlotto in The Holocene

The main aim of this doctoral research was to investigate the structural and functional variations of coastal marine macrofaunal communities subjected to diversified types of impact, from natural phenomena to anthropogenic pressures. The benthic community was analysed along a temporal scale at a relatively undisturbed station located in the buffer zone of the Miramare-MPA (Gulf of Trieste). The aim of the study was to assess the temporal variability of the community structure (biodiversity, feeding- and reproductive traits) related to food sources and environmental variations. The community displayed an intermediate level of stability. The capability of the community to maintain its structure (number of individuals, species diversity and feeding strategies), despite the physical disturbance events, illustrates the resistance to natural stress exhibited by these invertebrates. The coastal area nearby the Po River delta is characterized by a high amount of organic matter loads. The aim of the study was to analyse the proportions of various primary producers contributing to the plume of suspended organic matter and the extent to which subsidies from rivers may influence the macrobenthic community structure and biomass. Changes in the trophic composition and variation in food sources determined from the isotopic signal along the river gradient were observed. Further, the study highlighted a close link between grain-size and macrofaunal structure and trophic pathways in a variable and highly hydrodynamic system such as this deltaic area. The Port of Trieste represents an area with a diffuse sediment contamination The aim of this study was to detect variation in the structure of the macrofaunal community, such as number of individuals, biodiversity and trophic functional groups, as a response to anthropogenic impacts. Species that are more tolerant to stress were observed in high numbers in vicinity of contaminated sites highlighting a clear separation among stations along the studied gradients. Overall, the environmental contamination within the harbour seems not too severe to affect the macrofaunal feeding structure. As an example of an area severely contaminated by heavy metals and synthetic organic compounds, the Mar Piccolo of Taranto was chosen. The macrofaunal community was investigated and a marked influence of contamination on the abundance and biodiversity was observed. The presence of stress-resistant species and highly reduced abundance of some sensitive organisms were registered, indicating poor conditions for the benthic ecological status of this area. To assess the influence of contamination on trophic pathways, stable isotope analysis was conducted on macrofaunal communities. These results showed that chemical contamination affected the trophic structure in the absence of intermediate consumers that link basal organic matter sources to higher predators. The functional features of polychaetes associated with levels of contaminated sediments were analysed and compared in the harbour of Trieste and in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto, using biological trait analysis. Functional identity illustrated the relationships and adaptation to contaminated sediments. In fact, high motility of the species seems to be an essential trait for living in highly contaminated sediments. This could be linked to the ability to avoid hotspots of contaminants through active movements, thus, influencing sediment reworking and especially the diffusion of contaminants towards the water column. These findings confirmed that soft-sediment macrofaunal communities responded differently to natural and, more subtly, to anthropogenic stress in the different environments. Integrative approaches provide useful tools for understanding, monitoring and assessing the ecosystem functioning in coastal environments subjected to multiple stressors.

The Northern Adriatic Sea is the northernmost basin of the Mediterranean Sea and one of its most productive areas, characterized by a shallow depth and by a dominant cyclonic circulation. The oceanographic and meteorological parameters show a marked seasonal and interannual variability. The major forcings of the system are represented by the significant river inputs along the Italian coast, by the Eastern Adriatic Current-EAC, which brings high salinity and oligotrophic waters from the southern basin, and by the notable sea-level range, relatively to the Mediterranean area. The NAS is subject to multiple anthropogenic impacts, e.g.: nutrient inputs, coastal urbanization, fishing activity, tourism, and maritime trade. The basin has undergone marked eutrophication followed by a phase of oligotrophication and then by a recent increase in nutrient concentrations. The NAS has also been subjected to frequent development of mucilage aggregates until the first decade of the 2000s. The LTER-Italy parent site NAS currently includes four research sites: the Gulf of Trieste, the Gulf of Venice, the Po Delta and Romagna Coast, and the Senigallia-Susak Transect. At each site meteo-oceanographic and biological data, mainly on plankton, are gathered both during oceanographic cruises and at fixed point observatories. Each site is supervised by a research institution that also manages the system of fixed sensors, which record data in near real-time

The Northern Adriatic Sea is the northernmost basin of the Mediterranean Sea and one of its most productive areas, characterized by a shallow depth and by a dominant cyclonic circulation. The oceanographic and meteorological parameters show a marked seasonal and interannual variability. The major forcings of the system are represented by the significant river inputs along the Italian coast, by the Eastern Adriatic Current-EAC, which brings high salinity and oligotrophic waters from the southern basin, and by the notable sea-level range, relatively to the Mediterranean area. The NAS is subject to multiple anthropogenic impacts, e.g.: nutrient inputs, coastal urbanization, fishing activity, tourism, and maritime trade. The basin has undergone marked eutrophication followed by a phase of oligotrophication and then by a recent increase in nutrient concentrations. The NAS has also been subjected to frequent development of mucilage aggregates until the first decade of the 2000s. The LTER-Italy parent site NAS currently includes four research sites: the Gulf of Trieste, the Gulf of Venice, the Po Delta and Romagna Coast, and the Senigallia-Susak Transect. At each site meteo-oceanographic and biological data, mainly on plankton, are gathered both during oceanographic cruises and at fixed point observatories. Each site is supervised by a research institution that also manages the system of fixed sensors, which record data in near real-time

In questo articolo, gli strumenti analitici dell’etnografia e dell’Analisi della Conversazione vengono utilizzati per studiare i processi di inclusione e educazione in tre diversi contesti: il contesto scolastico, sanitario, e sportivo. L’articolo propone un approccio embodied e situato che considera inclusione e educazione come processi collaborativi e profondamente interrelati che si realizzano in interazione. A partire dall’analisi dettagliata di interazioni videoregistrate, l’articolo illustra come, nei tre contesti oggetto di indagine, i partecipanti in interazione utilizzano e coordinano risorse verbali, corporee, e materiali al fine di favorire la partecipazione dei soggetti che hanno una competenza linguistica limitata nella lingua dell’interazione (i.e., italiano) o sono portatori di forme di disabilità (i.e., disabilità visiva). Ricostruendo le pratiche endogene attraverso le quali i partecipanti realizzano inclusione e processi educativi in tre contesti cruciali della vita sociale quali la scuola, il contesto sanitario, e lo sport, l’articolo suggerisce che l’approccio micro-etnografico e dell’Analisi della Conversazione può favorire una comprensione approfondita delle dinamiche di inclusione e educazione nella nostra società. In this article, the analytical instruments of ethnography and Conversation Analysis are used to investigate social inclusion and education in three different domains: school, healthcare, and sport. The article proposes an embodied and situated approach that sees inclusion and education as co-accomplished, deeply interrelated processes taking place in interaction. Drawing on careful analysis of selected audio-video material, the article illustrates how, in the three settings under investigation, verbal, embodied, and material resources are assembled and coordinated to enable participants with limited linguistic skills in the language of the interaction (i.e., Italian) or impairment (i.e., visual impairment) to act meaningfully and competently in concert with others. By reconstructing the endogenous practices through which participants achieve inclusion and educate each other in three crucial domains of social life such as schooling, healthcare, and sports, the article suggests that the micro-ethnographic conversation-analytical approach enables a better understanding of the dynamics of inclusion and education in our society.

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was used to examine the food web of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto, a coastal basin experiencing several anthropogenic impacts. Main food sources (algal detritus, seaweeds, particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment organic matter (SOM)) and benthic and pelagic consumers were collected during two contrasting seasons (June and April), at four sites distributed over two inlets, and characterized by different level of confinements, anthropogenic inputs and the presence of mussels farming. ?13C values of organic sources revealed an important contribution of POM to both planktonic and benthic pathways, as well as the influence of terrigenous inputs within both inlets, probably due to high seasonal land runoff. Although ?13C of both sources and consumers varied little between sampling sites and dates, ?15N spatial variability was higher and clearly reflected the organic enrichment in the second inlet as well as the uptake of anthropogenically derived material by benthic consumers. On the other hand, within the first inlet, the isotopic composition of consumers did not change in response to chemical contamination. However, the impact of polluted sediments near the Navy Arsenal in the first inlet was detectable at the level of the macrobenthic trophic structure, showing high dominance of motile, upper level consumers capable to face transient conditions and the reduction of the more resident deposit feeders. We therefore underline the great potential of matching stable isotope analysis with quantitative studies of community structure to assess the effects of multiple anthropogenic stressors.